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===Career===
===Career===
Williams was a master [[Fur trade|fur trapper]] and trail guide, becoming fluent in several Native American languages among the tribes he knew the best. He served as a sergeant and scout with the Mississippi Mounted Rangers during the War of 1812 and, as he encountered local tribes, learned their languages and customs.<ref name=legendsofamerica>[http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-explorerlist-w.html "William Sherley 'Old Bill' Williams"], Legends of America; Explorers, Trappers, Traders & Mountain Men,</ref> His ability to communicate in the different languages made him valuable to the government and the military for tribal negotiations.<ref name=allthingswilliam>[http://www.allthingswilliam.com/willynilly/oldbill.html All Things William, William Sherle Williams]</ref>
Williams was a master [[Fur trade|fur trapper]] and trail guide, becoming fluent in several Native American languages among the tribes he knew the best. He served as a sergeant and scout with the [[United States Rangers in the War of 1812|United States Rangers]] during the War of 1812. As he encountered local tribes, Williams would learn their languages and customs.<ref name=legendsofamerica>[http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-explorerlist-w.html "William Sherley 'Old Bill' Williams"], Legends of America; Explorers, Trappers, Traders & Mountain Men,</ref> His ability to communicate in the different languages made him valuable to the government and the military for tribal negotiations.<ref name=allthingswilliam>[http://www.allthingswilliam.com/willynilly/oldbill.html All Things William, William Sherle Williams]</ref>


After military service, Williams became a [[Protestant]] preacher, and worked with some of the Native American tribes, moving west from Mississippi to frontier areas.<ref name=allthingswilliam /> During his early years, he lived with the [[Osage Nation|Osage]] Indians in Missouri, and later with the [[Ute tribe|Ute]] Indians.<ref name="mojavedesert"/><ref name=encyclopedia/> While residing with the Osages he worked with the Harmony Mission to the Osages. He translated the bible into the [[Osage language]] and was the interpreter for the 1825 treaty between the Osage and the United States.<ref name="Mathews, The Osages, p. vii">Mathews, ''The Osages'', p. vii</ref>
After military service, Williams became a [[Protestant]] preacher, and worked with some of the Native American tribes, moving west from Missouri to frontier areas.<ref name=allthingswilliam /> During his early years, he lived with the [[Osage Nation|Osage]] Indians in Missouri, and later with the [[Ute tribe|Ute]] Indians.<ref name="mojavedesert"/><ref name=encyclopedia/> While residing with the Osages he worked with the Harmony Mission to the Osages. He translated the bible into the [[Osage language]] and was the interpreter for the 1825 treaty between the Osage and the United States.<ref name="Mathews, The Osages, p. vii">Mathews, ''The Osages'', p. vii</ref>


By 1822 he was working as an independent trapper,<ref name=encyclopedia/> and also guided travelers through the far [[American Old West|western frontier]] of the time. He was a respected figure among the mountain men and worked with many, including [[Richens Lacey Wootton|Uncle Dick Wooton]],<ref name=mountainmanbronzes >[http://www.mountainmanbronzes.com/Bill-Williams,-Mountain-Man-of-the-Santa-Fe-Trail.html "Old Santa Fe Trail: The Story of a Great Highway, Bill Williams, Mountain Man"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307182753/http://www.mountainmanbronzes.com/Bill-Williams,-Mountain-Man-of-the-Santa-Fe-Trail.html |date=2012-03-07 }}, Mountain Man Bronzes</ref> [[Joseph R. Walker|Joe Walker]], [[Alexis Godey]], [[George Nidever]], [[Zenas Leonard]], [[Antoine Leroux]],<ref name=mojavedesert /> [[Lucien Maxwell]],<ref name=mountainmanbronzes /> [[William Thomas Hamilton (frontiersman)|William Thomas Hamilton]],<ref name="Heard1987">{{cite book|author=Joseph Norman Heard|title=Handbook of the American Frontier: The far west|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofameric0002hear|url-access=registration|year=1987|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-3283-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofameric0002hear/page/128 128]–129}}</ref> Dick Owens,<ref name=mountainmanbronzes /> [[Kit Carson]],<ref name=mountainmanbronzes /> and, infamously, with [[John C. Frémont]]<ref name=mojavedesert /><ref name=williamsnews>[http://www.williamsnews.com/main.asp?SectionID=63&SubSectionID=200&ArticleID=7661 "Old Bill lives on – Bill Williams Mountain men"], ''Williams News''</ref> on his [[John C. Frémont#Fourth expedition (1848–1849)|fourth expedition]].<ref name=Favour /> As an Indian fighter, he had noted encounters with [[Blackfeet]], [[Apache]], [[Comanche]], and [[Modoc people|Modoc]] Indians.<ref name=Favour /><ref name=legendsofamerica /><ref name=allthingswilliam />
By 1822 he was working as an independent trapper,<ref name=encyclopedia/> and also guided travelers through the far [[American Old West|western frontier]] of the time. He was a respected figure among the mountain men and worked with many, including [[Richens Lacey Wootton|Uncle Dick Wooton]],<ref name=mountainmanbronzes >[http://www.mountainmanbronzes.com/Bill-Williams,-Mountain-Man-of-the-Santa-Fe-Trail.html "Old Santa Fe Trail: The Story of a Great Highway, Bill Williams, Mountain Man"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307182753/http://www.mountainmanbronzes.com/Bill-Williams,-Mountain-Man-of-the-Santa-Fe-Trail.html |date=2012-03-07 }}, Mountain Man Bronzes</ref> [[Joseph R. Walker|Joe Walker]], [[Alexis Godey]], [[George Nidever]], [[Zenas Leonard]], [[Antoine Leroux]],<ref name=mojavedesert /> [[Lucien Maxwell]],<ref name=mountainmanbronzes /> [[William Thomas Hamilton (frontiersman)|William Thomas Hamilton]],<ref name="Heard1987">{{cite book|author=Joseph Norman Heard|title=Handbook of the American Frontier: The far west|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofameric0002hear|url-access=registration|year=1987|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-3283-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofameric0002hear/page/128 128]–129}}</ref> Dick Owens,<ref name=mountainmanbronzes /> [[Kit Carson]],<ref name=mountainmanbronzes /> and, infamously, with [[John C. Frémont]]<ref name=mojavedesert /><ref name=williamsnews>[http://www.williamsnews.com/main.asp?SectionID=63&SubSectionID=200&ArticleID=7661 "Old Bill lives on – Bill Williams Mountain men"], ''Williams News''</ref> on his [[John C. Frémont#Fourth expedition (1848–1849)|fourth expedition]].<ref name=Favour /> As an Indian fighter, he had noted encounters with [[Blackfeet]], [[Apache]], [[Comanche]], and [[Modoc people|Modoc]] Indians.<ref name=Favour /><ref name=legendsofamerica /><ref name=allthingswilliam />

Revision as of 20:34, 2 January 2023

"Old Bill" Williams
Old Bill Williams
Old Bill Williams by Alfred Jacob Miller
Born(1787-01-03)January 3, 1787
Polk County, North Carolina
DiedMarch 14, 1849(1849-03-14) (aged 62)
Southern Colorado along the Rio Grande
Cause of deathKilled by Ute warriors
Burial placeWilliams, Coconino County, Arizona
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Mountain man, trapper, guide, interpreter
Spouse(s)A-Ci'n-Ga, name means Wind Blossom
Parent(s)Joseph Williams, Sarah (Musick) Williams
Allegiance United States
Service / branchMississippi Mounted Rangers
RankSergeant and Scout
Battles / warsWar of 1812

William Sherley "Old Bill" Williams (January 3, 1787 – March 14, 1849) was a noted mountain man and frontiersman, known as Lone Elk to the Native Americans.[1] Fluent in several languages, Williams served as an interpreter for the government and led several expeditions to the West. He assimilated into the Osage Nation where he married the daughter of a chief, and never returned to European-American life.

Biography

Early life and education

Williams was born on January 3, 1787, on Horse Creek, a branch of the Pacolet River, under Skyuka Mountain in Polk County, North Carolina.[2][3], the fourth son and the fourth child of nine born to Joseph and Sarah (Musick) Williams.[2]He liked to explore and learned to trap animals for their furs, and found he had a gift for languages. In 1795, the family moved to settle near St. Louis, Missouri.[4]

Career

Williams was a master fur trapper and trail guide, becoming fluent in several Native American languages among the tribes he knew the best. He served as a sergeant and scout with the United States Rangers during the War of 1812. As he encountered local tribes, Williams would learn their languages and customs.[5] His ability to communicate in the different languages made him valuable to the government and the military for tribal negotiations.[6]

After military service, Williams became a Protestant preacher, and worked with some of the Native American tribes, moving west from Missouri to frontier areas.[6] During his early years, he lived with the Osage Indians in Missouri, and later with the Ute Indians.[3][7] While residing with the Osages he worked with the Harmony Mission to the Osages. He translated the bible into the Osage language and was the interpreter for the 1825 treaty between the Osage and the United States.[8]

By 1822 he was working as an independent trapper,[7] and also guided travelers through the far western frontier of the time. He was a respected figure among the mountain men and worked with many, including Uncle Dick Wooton,[9] Joe Walker, Alexis Godey, George Nidever, Zenas Leonard, Antoine Leroux,[3] Lucien Maxwell,[9] William Thomas Hamilton,[10] Dick Owens,[9] Kit Carson,[9] and, infamously, with John C. Frémont[3][11] on his fourth expedition.[2] As an Indian fighter, he had noted encounters with Blackfeet, Apache, Comanche, and Modoc Indians.[2][5][6]

Williams traveled through a wide territory, including Texas, California, the Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone, the Santa Fe Trail, Arizona, and the Colorado and Little Colorado River regions.[3][5][1][9][11] Williams was with Joseph Walker's historic expedition which found, but did not enter, the Yosemite Valley.[2][7][12]

Frémont's Fourth Expedition controversy

In November 1848 Frémont sought Williams to lead a transcontinental railroad survey into Sangre de Cristo range after other mountain men had rejected Frémont's proposition. Once the team entered the mountains, Williams changed his mind due to the heavy early snowfall. He warned the party against continuing and insisted on a southern route. Frémont continued, and the expedition was defeated within the San Juan Mountains, where 10 expedition members died of starvation and exposure.[2][3][7][9][11]

Marriage and children

Williams married A-Ci'n-Ga, a full-blood Osage woman whose name means 'Wind Blossom'.[13] They became the parents of two daughters.[8][14]

  • Mary Ann (Williams) Mathews (born September 1814)[2][15]
  • Sarah (Williams) Mathews (born c1816) married John Allan Mathews after the death of her sister and was the grandmother of Osage tribal council member and writer John Joseph Mathews.[16]

Death

Williams died in March 1849, at age 62 when he was ambushed and killed by Ute warriors. He had been returning to Taos, New Mexico after retracing the trail of an expedition in order to help find survivors.[2][7]

Legacy and honors

Old Bill Williams statue in Williams Arizona

"Old Bill" is portrayed in an 8-foot-tall bronze sculpture by B. R. Pettit, erected in 1980 in Bill Williams Monument Park in Williams, Arizona.[9] In addition to the park and town, several places and organizations in Arizona were named after him: Bill Williams River and Bill Williams Mountain,[17] the Bill Williams Mountain Men of Williams, Arizona chapter of the Pioneer Club, and the Chautauqua Program: "Rendezvous With Old Bill Williams".[18] He was portrayed by Slim Pickens in a Disney series entitled The Saga of Andy Burnett.


See also

References

  1. ^ a b Patrick Whitehurst, "The silent sentinel of Williams" Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine, Williams News, 5 May 2007
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Alpheus H. Favour, Old Bill Williams, Mountain Man
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Bill Williams". Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  4. ^ John Joseph Mathews, The Osages: Children of the Middle Waters (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961) p. vii
  5. ^ a b c "William Sherley 'Old Bill' Williams", Legends of America; Explorers, Trappers, Traders & Mountain Men,
  6. ^ a b c All Things William, William Sherle Williams
  7. ^ a b c d e "William Sherley Williams", The Columbia Encyclopedia
  8. ^ a b Mathews, The Osages, p. vii
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Old Santa Fe Trail: The Story of a Great Highway, Bill Williams, Mountain Man" Archived 2012-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, Mountain Man Bronzes
  10. ^ Joseph Norman Heard (1987). Handbook of the American Frontier: The far west. Scarecrow Press. pp. 128–129. ISBN 978-0-8108-3283-1.
  11. ^ a b c "Old Bill lives on – Bill Williams Mountain men", Williams News
  12. ^ R. E. Brammer, "Joe Walker discovers Yosemite Ridge" Archived 2011-07-13 at the Wayback Machine, Joe Walker Website at Digital-Desert
  13. ^ Mathews, John Joseph. The Osages: Children of the Middle Waters,1961.
  14. ^ Fredrick W. Boling, "Tribute to John Joseph Mathews: Osage Writer", Western Writers of America Rpundit Magazine, August 2006, at Frederick Boling's website, accessed 3 December 2011
  15. ^ Guy Red Corn Nixon, Finding Your Native American Ancestors, 2011. p. 42.
  16. ^ Mathews, The Osages, p. viii
  17. ^ "Bill Williams Mountain", Google Maps
  18. ^ "Program, Rendezvous With Old Bill Williams". Retrieved 27 October 2016.


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