Maria von Linden: Difference between revisions
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'''Maria von Linden''' (18 July 1869 – 25 August 1936) was a German [[bacteriologist]] and [[zoologist]]. She was the first woman admitted to study at the [[University of Tübingen]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maria von Linden {{!}} University of Tübingen |url=https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/einrichtungen/universitaetsbibliothek/ueber-uns/veranstaltungen-ausstellungen/objekt-des-monats/2019/maria-von-linden/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=uni-tuebingen.de}}</ref> and became one of the first women in Germany to be given the academic title of “[[Professor]]”. She patented a type of bandage and won a prize for her research on [[butterfly]] wings. She was driven from office due to the rise of the [[Nazi Party]] in Germany.<ref name=":0" /> |
'''Maria von Linden''' (18 July 1869 – 25 August 1936) was a German [[bacteriologist]] and [[zoologist]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Rowe |first=David E. |title=Emmy Noether’s Long Struggle to Habilitate in Göttingen |date=2021 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63810-8_2 |work=Emmy Noether – Mathematician Extraordinaire |pages=39–62 |editor-last=Rowe |editor-first=David E. |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-63810-8_2 |isbn=978-3-030-63810-8 |access-date=2023-02-07}}</ref>. She was the first woman admitted to study at the [[University of Tübingen]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maria von Linden {{!}} University of Tübingen |url=https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/einrichtungen/universitaetsbibliothek/ueber-uns/veranstaltungen-ausstellungen/objekt-des-monats/2019/maria-von-linden/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=uni-tuebingen.de}}</ref> and became one of the first women in Germany to be given the academic title of “[[Professor]]”. She patented a type of bandage and won a prize for her research on [[butterfly]] wings<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en&id=Tka5KpT0uHgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA138&dq=%22Maria+von+Linden%22&ots=r0Rw_ETtZj&sig=1mqzC_pL8cDsu-jxo1bV3AM5Ue4#v=onepage&q=%22Maria%20von%20Linden%22&f=false |title=Natural Science |date=1899 |publisher=Macmillan & Company |language=en}}</ref>. She was driven from office due to the rise of the [[Nazi Party]] in Germany.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Revision as of 03:19, 7 February 2023
 | This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (July 2021) |
Maria von Linden | |
|---|---|
 Linden in 1894 | |
| Born | 18 July 1869 Schloss Burgberg, near Heidenheim, Württemberg |
| Died | 25 August 1936 (aged 67) Schaan, Liechtenstein |
| Nationality | German |
| Other names | Maria Countess von Linden; Maria Gräfin von Linden; Maria Gräfin von Linden-Aspermont; Maria von Linden-Aspermont; or Linden-Aspermont. |
| Education | University of Tübingen |
| Occupation(s) | Bacteriologist and Zoologist |
| Known for | First Female Professor in Germany |
| Title | Countess |
Maria von Linden (18 July 1869 – 25 August 1936) was a German bacteriologist and zoologist[1]. She was the first woman admitted to study at the University of Tübingen,[2] and became one of the first women in Germany to be given the academic title of “Professor”. She patented a type of bandage and won a prize for her research on butterfly wings[3]. She was driven from office due to the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany.[2]
Early life
Linden was born in 1869 to a German aristocratic family who lived at Schloss Burgberg near Heidenheim, Kingdom of Württemberg (now Baden-Württemberg). Her parents, Edward and Eugenie von Linden, arranged for her to attend school in Karlsruhe for four years. While at school, Linden developed an interest in maths and physics. She wrote her first paper on mineral deposits in the River Hürbe read at Karlsruhe's geological society in 1890. This paper was noticed by geologist Professor von Quenstedt from the University of Tübingen.[4]
Career
In 1891, after private tutoring and clearance from a minister, she became the first woman in the Kingdom of Württemberg to take (and pass) the "Reifeprüfung" examination. This examination was required to attend a German university.[5] Despite this, she failed to gain admittance to Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, despite pressure from her uncle, Joseph von Linden, an ex-minister, and Linden was forced to resume tutoring in private. However, the university allowed her to be a guest student, with her studies at the university being financed and supported by the German Association of Female Citizens.[4]
She continued her study of math and physics, writing papers on natural history as she learned about Lamarckian evolution from the zoologist Theodor Eimer. Under Eimer's guidance, she completed her thesis in 1895 on how the evolution of snails led to the development of their shells. She was awarded a doctorate in Natural Science and worked as an assistant to Eimer until he died in 1898.[5]
In 1903 Linden was awarded the Da Gama Machado prize for her research into the development of colour in butterfly wings.[6] In 1908 she moved to Bonn, where she led the new Institute of Parasitology. She researched the causes and symptoms of tuberculosis and other lung diseases. She believed that copper might provide a therapy for tuberculosis. While in Bonn, she took Misses von Altenburg as her companion. Linden became the first woman[7] (or one of the first[5]) to be made a titular professor in Germany in 1910, despite the disapproval of the Prussian Ministry of Education. However, despite her rank as a professor, she was not allowed to teach.
Linden received a patent for her discovery that copper salts could be used as a disinfectant. A bandaging company later included copper salts into their products.[7]
Linden sold the family castle, but the Nazification of Germany meant that she was forced to leave her job. She emigrated with Misses von Altenburg to Liechtenstein.[7]
Death and legacy
Linden died of pneumonia on August 25, 1936 in Schaan, Liechtenstein.[5] Her lifelong friend Gabriele von Wartensleben (1870-1953), a female pioneer in psychology, was later buried in the same tomb.[8]
In 1999, a secondary school in Calw was named after her: the Maria-von-Linden-Gymnasium, a science-oriented grammar school.
Also known as
Linden may also be known as: Maria Countess von Linden; Maria Gräfin von Linden; Maria Gräfin von Linden-Aspermont; Maria von Linden-Aspermont; or Linden-Aspermont.
References
- ^ Rowe, David E. (2021), Rowe, David E. (ed.), "Emmy Noether's Long Struggle to Habilitate in Göttingen", Emmy Noether – Mathematician Extraordinaire, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 39–62, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63810-8_2, ISBN 978-3-030-63810-8, retrieved 7 February 2023
- ^ a b "Maria von Linden | University of Tübingen". uni-tuebingen.de. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ Natural Science. Macmillan & Company. 1899.
- ^ a b Maria von Linden, Rheinische-Geschichte.lvr.de, Retrieved 9 November 2015
- ^ a b c d Mary R. S. Creese; Thomas M. Creese (2004). Ladies in the laboratory II: West European women in science, 1800–1900: a survey of their contributions to research. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. pp. 119–122. ISBN 978-0-8108-4979-2.
- ^ "Societies and Academies". Nature. 69 (1783): 215–216. 31 December 1903. Bibcode:1903Natur..69R.215.. doi:10.1038/069215b0.
- ^ a b c Marilyn Ogilvie; Joy Harvey (16 December 2003). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives From Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century. Routledge. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-1-135-96343-9.
- ^ Wanger, Thomas Ernst (31 December 2011). "Wartensleben, Gabriele Gräfin von". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein online (eHLFL) (in German). Retrieved 4 January 2023.
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