Buyck family: Difference between revisions
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The '''Buyck''' (spelling variant: ''Buijck'') '''family''' is a noble Belgian family which can trace its origins back to the 15th century. |
The '''Buyck''' (spelling variant: ''Buijck'') '''family''' is a noble Belgian family which can trace its origins back to the 15th century. <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> |
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Several members have been prominent in politics, architecture, |
Several members have been prominent in politics, business and economics, architecture, as well as in the military field. The family was granted a heraldic title in 1521 <ref name=":5" /> and is credited with co-founding the world's first publicly listed company <ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />. |
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Different descendants have been instated to national orders from the [[Kingdom of Belgium]] and knighthood: more specifically to the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Crown]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=alimentaire |first=agence federale pour la securite de la chaine |date=-- |title=Arrêté Royal ordres nationaux par arretes royaux du 4 avril 2011 : ordre de leopold sont promus ou nommes commandeur de l'ordre de leopold : m. aubry, jean-claude, conseiller a3 ; m. bataille, andre, conseiller general a3 (8 avril 2(...) m. cornelis, marc, conseiller general a42 (8 avril 2007); m. dubois, philippe, veterinaire-direc(...) |url=https://etaamb.openjustice.be/fr/arrete-royal_n2011018151 |access-date= |website=etaamb.openjustice.be |language=fr}}</ref>, the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=economiques |first=ministere des affaires |date=-- |title=Nomination Par Arrete Royal ordres nationaux - nominations. - promotions par arrete royal du 27 janvier 1998 a ete nomme a cette date : ordre de la couronne chevalier m. colinet, andre, jambes . par arretes royaux du 1er mars 1998 ont ete nommes(...) ordre de leopold officier m. krockaert, raymond, woluwe-saint-pierre. chevalier m. (...) |url=https://etaamb.openjustice.be/fr/nomination-par-arrete-royal_n1998011329 |access-date= |website=etaamb.openjustice.be |language=fr}}</ref>, and the [[Legion of Honour]] <ref name=":8" />. |
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Members of the family have served as advisors and aides to the various kings and queens with contemporary members of the Buyck family still active in Belgian diplomacy and business. Various members of the family have been admitted to the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]] and the [[Legion of Honour|Royal Order of the Legion of Honour]]. |
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Contemporary members of the Buyck family still active in Belgian diplomacy <ref name=":11" />, business <ref name=":12" />, and remains recognised for its longstanding prominence <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title='Estland stond bovenaan mijn lijstje' |url=https://www.standaard.be/cnt/241vb49i |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=De Standaard |language=nl-BE}}</ref>. To the present day the family maintains its institutionalised commitment to philanthropy internationally. |
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=== Knighthood === |
=== Knighthood === |
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In 1521, the Buyck family was granted a title of nobility, knighted, by [[Christian of Denmark|King Christian of Denmark]], according to the laws of [[heraldry]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Title of Heraldry granted by Christian King of Denmark (Amsterdam City Archives) |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/scans/1468/9/start/0/limit/10/highlight/1 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief en wapenschild Buyck met viidmus van de regeering van Amsterdam |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/scans/1468/9/start/0/limit/10/highlight/1 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref> The [[King of Arms]] had the power to assign coats of arms and verify genealogies and noble titles. |
In 1521, the Buyck family was granted a title of nobility, knighted, by [[Christian of Denmark|King Christian of Denmark]], according to the laws of [[heraldry]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Title of Heraldry granted by Christian King of Denmark (Amsterdam City Archives) |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/scans/1468/9/start/0/limit/10/highlight/1 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief en wapenschild Buyck met viidmus van de regeering van Amsterdam |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/scans/1468/9/start/0/limit/10/highlight/1 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref> The [[King of Arms]] had the power to assign coats of arms and verify genealogies and noble titles. |
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=== Coat of arms and motto === |
=== Coat of arms and motto === |
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The heraldic family motto is in the old [[French language]]<nowiki/>spelling: « Ainsy Dieu Plaist » (modern spelling: « ainsi dieu plaît »), translating to « as it pleases to God ». |
The heraldic family motto is in the old [[French language]]<nowiki/>spelling: « Ainsy Dieu Plaist » (modern spelling: « ainsi dieu plaît »), translating to « as it pleases to God ». |
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The region where the family originated from is formerly part of [[West Francia]]. The formal education was furthermore conducted in French, considered the ''[[Lingua franca|Lingua Franca]]'' of the [[upper class]] and the higher culture (see [[Split of the Catholic University of Leuven]]). It |
The region where the family originated from is formerly part of [[West Francia]]. The formal education was furthermore conducted in French, considered the ''[[Lingua franca|Lingua Franca]]'' of the [[upper class]] and the higher culture (see [[Split of the Catholic University of Leuven]]). It therefore not uncommon to thus find heraldic mottoes in French. |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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The Buyck family has had a long history of political involvement and has gained recognition for its role military and in politics. |
The Buyck family has had a long history of political involvement and has gained recognition for its role military and in politics. |
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=== Jean Buyck === |
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Jean (Jan in ''Flemish'') Buyck was a knight, born in [[Flanders]] in the 14th century, and commander of the Flemish fleet. He originated from the [[County of Flanders]] (also known as ''Comté de Flandre'' in French), also known as "Royal Flanders". For centuries, the estates around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres formed one of the most affluent regions in Europe. |
Jean (Jan in ''Flemish'') Buyck was a knight, born in [[Flanders]] in the 14th century, and commander of the Flemish fleet. He originated from the [[County of Flanders]] (also known as ''Comté de Flandre'' in French), also known as "Royal Flanders". For centuries, the estates around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres formed one of the most affluent regions in Europe. |
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Jean Buyck was called upon to protect the maritime commerce, in particular from attacks orchestrated by Charles VI, he led the Franco-Flemish fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anales du comité de France de Flandre |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55449650/texteBrut}}</ref> On 25 March 1387, in a battle near the [[River Thames]] estuary in the [[English Channel]] the captain of the Flemish fleet, Jean Buyck, was taken prisoner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan Vanherpe |title=De Kronieken van de Westhoek |url=https://www.dekroniekenvandewesthoek.be/BB9.pdf}}</ref> As he was the most remarkable seaman in Flanders, [[Philip the Bold|Duke Philip the Bold]] offered the English to exchange him for the natural brother of the King of Portugal who had been taken by the French. But the English, remembering the many damages that this brave captain had caused them, refused this exchange. This battle at the mouth of the Thames where we see the Spanish ships fighting as they had previously done side by side with those of Flanders<ref>{{Cite book |title=Annales Flandr., lib. XIIII |year=1386}}</ref> |
Jean Buyck was called upon to protect the maritime commerce, in particular from attacks orchestrated by Charles VI, he led the Franco-Flemish fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anales du comité de France de Flandre |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55449650/texteBrut}}</ref> On 25 March 1387, in a battle near the [[River Thames]] estuary in the [[English Channel]] the captain of the Flemish fleet, Jean Buyck, was taken prisoner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan Vanherpe |title=De Kronieken van de Westhoek |url=https://www.dekroniekenvandewesthoek.be/BB9.pdf}}</ref> As he was the most remarkable seaman in Flanders, [[Philip the Bold|Duke Philip the Bold]] offered the English to exchange him for the natural brother of the King of Portugal who had been taken by the French. But the English, remembering the many damages that this brave captain had caused them, refused this exchange. This battle at the mouth of the Thames where we see the Spanish ships fighting as they had previously done side by side with those of Flanders<ref>{{Cite book |title=Annales Flandr., lib. XIIII |year=1386}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Robert Buyck served the Belgian marines and is commemorated for falling at sea in saving a vessel in distress. In 1927, a Brussels’ street was named after him in commemoration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=eBru | rue Robert Buyck | Anderlecht (1070 Bruxelles) |url=http://www.ebru.be/Streets/streets1070/bruxelles-1070-rue-robert-buyck.html |website=www.ebru.be}}</ref> |
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== Political (renaissance) == |
== Political (renaissance) == |
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In the early modern period, the Buyck family was a wealthy Amsterdam family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schueren |url=http://www.tonlensvelt.nl/schueren.html |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.tonlensvelt.nl}}</ref> Marriages with other prominent traders occurred including families Occo and Heereman van Zuydtwijk.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=STERCK |first1=J. F. M. |last2=WOUTERSZOON |first2=D. |date=1926 |title=Aanteekeningen over 16 e eeuwsche Amsterdamsche portretten |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42718376 |journal=Oud Holland |volume=43 |pages=249–266 |doi=10.1163/187501726X00355 |jstor=42718376 |issn=0030-672X}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |title=Bulletin |publisher=Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten |year=1957 |edition=September - December |location=Brussels |pages=116}}</ref> |
In the early modern period, the Buyck family was a wealthy Amsterdam family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schueren |url=http://www.tonlensvelt.nl/schueren.html |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.tonlensvelt.nl}}</ref> Marriages with other prominent traders occurred including families Occo and Heereman van Zuydtwijk.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=STERCK |first1=J. F. M. |last2=WOUTERSZOON |first2=D. |date=1926 |title=Aanteekeningen over 16 e eeuwsche Amsterdamsche portretten |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42718376 |journal=Oud Holland |volume=43 |pages=249–266 |doi=10.1163/187501726X00355 |jstor=42718376 |issn=0030-672X}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |title=Bulletin |publisher=Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten |year=1957 |edition=September - December |location=Brussels |pages=116}}</ref> |
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Several of Buyck family members held important positions in [[Amsterdam]]'s city council. The most famous member is Joost Sijbrandtszoon Buyck (1505–1588),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilburg |first=Rolf van |title=Joost Sybrantsz. Buyck (1505–1588) » Stamboom van de families Van Tilburg en Ferwerda » Genealogie Online |url=https://www.genealogieonline.nl/de/stamboom-van-tilburg-en-ferwerda/I17921.php |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=Genealogie Online |language=de}}</ref> who served a record seventeen terms as one of the mayors of Amsterdam in the period 1549–1577.<ref>{{Cite web |title=possibly after Dirck Barendsz. |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/images/54968 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=rkd.nl |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inventarissen |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/details/1468 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antique Engraving – Half-Length Portrait of Jodocus Buyck, burgomaster of Amsterdam – J. Muller, published 1588–1628, 1 p. von Muller, Jan (1571–1628): Kunst / Grafik / Poster {{!}} Antiquariaat Arine van der Steur / ILAB |url=https://www.zvab.com/kunst-grafik-poster/Antique-Engraving-Half-Length-Portrait-Jodocus-Buyck/18526838284/bd |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=www.zvab.com}}</ref> He will be sworn in by [[Philip II of Spain|King Philip II of Spain]] in 1549.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OMNIA - |url=https://www.omnia.ie/index.php?navigation_function=2&navigation_item=/90402/RP_P_OB_78_533&repid=1 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.omnia.ie}}</ref> He joined the city counsel at the age of 24 and was recognized as catholic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buyck, Joost Sybrandsz. (1505–1588) – de betekenis volgens XYZ van Amsterdam |url=https://www.ensie.nl/xyz-van-amsterdam/buyck-joost-sybrandsz-1505-1588 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=www.ensie.nl}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Rijksmuseum |title=Nederlands: IdentificatieTitel(s): Burgemeester Joost Buyck betrapt met brieven over het aannemen van soldaten tegen die van de nieuwe religie, 1567Burgem. J. Buik te Amst. (titel op object)Objecttype: prent historieprent Objectnummer: RP-P-OB-78.945Catalogusreferentie: FMH 487-bOmschrijving: Burgemeester Joost Buyck wordt betrapt met brieven in zijn jas over het aannemen van soldaten om op te treden tegen de calvinisten, 25 februari 1567. Gedrukt binnen een kader.VervaardigingVervaardiger: prentmaker: Wouter JongmanPlaats vervaardiging: Noordelijke NederlandenDatering: 1719 – 1728Fysieke kenmerken: ets en gravureMateriaal: papier Techniek: etsen / graveren (drukprocedé)Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 136 mm × b 178 mmblad: h 202 mm × b 240 mmToelichtingIllustratie voor: G. Suikers en I. Verburg, Algemene kerkelyke en wereldlyke geschiedenissen des bekenden aardkloots, R. en J. Wetstein en W. Smith, Amsterdam 1721–1728.OnderwerpWat: Tachtigjarige OorlogReformatieWanneer: 1567-02-25 – 1567-02-25Waar: AmsterdamWie: Joost Sijbrandtsz. BuyckVerwerving en rechtenVerwerving: aankoop 1881Copyright: Publiek domein |date=1719–1728 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burgemeester_Joost_Buyck_betrapt_met_brieven_over_het_aannemen_van_soldaten_tegen_die_van_de_nieuwe_religie,_1567_Burgem._J._Buik_te_Amst._(titel_op_object),_RP-P-OB-78.945.jpg |access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> |
Several of Buyck family members held important positions in [[Amsterdam]]'s city council. The most famous member is Joost Sijbrandtszoon Buyck (1505–1588),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilburg |first=Rolf van |title=Joost Sybrantsz. Buyck (1505–1588) » Stamboom van de families Van Tilburg en Ferwerda » Genealogie Online |url=https://www.genealogieonline.nl/de/stamboom-van-tilburg-en-ferwerda/I17921.php |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=Genealogie Online |language=de}}</ref> who served a record seventeen terms as one of the mayors of Amsterdam in the period 1549–1577.<ref>{{Cite web |title=possibly after Dirck Barendsz. |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/images/54968 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=rkd.nl |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Inventarissen |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/details/1468 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antique Engraving – Half-Length Portrait of Jodocus Buyck, burgomaster of Amsterdam – J. Muller, published 1588–1628, 1 p. von Muller, Jan (1571–1628): Kunst / Grafik / Poster {{!}} Antiquariaat Arine van der Steur / ILAB |url=https://www.zvab.com/kunst-grafik-poster/Antique-Engraving-Half-Length-Portrait-Jodocus-Buyck/18526838284/bd |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=www.zvab.com}}</ref> He will be sworn in by [[Philip II of Spain|King Philip II of Spain]] in 1549.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OMNIA - |url=https://www.omnia.ie/index.php?navigation_function=2&navigation_item=/90402/RP_P_OB_78_533&repid=1 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.omnia.ie}}</ref> He joined the city counsel at the age of 24 and was recognized as catholic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buyck, Joost Sybrandsz. (1505–1588) – de betekenis volgens XYZ van Amsterdam |url=https://www.ensie.nl/xyz-van-amsterdam/buyck-joost-sybrandsz-1505-1588 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=www.ensie.nl}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Rijksmuseum |title=Nederlands: IdentificatieTitel(s): Burgemeester Joost Buyck betrapt met brieven over het aannemen van soldaten tegen die van de nieuwe religie, 1567Burgem. J. Buik te Amst. (titel op object)Objecttype: prent historieprent Objectnummer: RP-P-OB-78.945Catalogusreferentie: FMH 487-bOmschrijving: Burgemeester Joost Buyck wordt betrapt met brieven in zijn jas over het aannemen van soldaten om op te treden tegen de calvinisten, 25 februari 1567. Gedrukt binnen een kader.VervaardigingVervaardiger: prentmaker: Wouter JongmanPlaats vervaardiging: Noordelijke NederlandenDatering: 1719 – 1728Fysieke kenmerken: ets en gravureMateriaal: papier Techniek: etsen / graveren (drukprocedé)Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 136 mm × b 178 mmblad: h 202 mm × b 240 mmToelichtingIllustratie voor: G. Suikers en I. Verburg, Algemene kerkelyke en wereldlyke geschiedenissen des bekenden aardkloots, R. en J. Wetstein en W. Smith, Amsterdam 1721–1728.OnderwerpWat: Tachtigjarige OorlogReformatieWanneer: 1567-02-25 – 1567-02-25Waar: AmsterdamWie: Joost Sijbrandtsz. BuyckVerwerving en rechtenVerwerving: aankoop 1881Copyright: Publiek domein |date=1719–1728 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burgemeester_Joost_Buyck_betrapt_met_brieven_over_het_aannemen_van_soldaten_tegen_die_van_de_nieuwe_religie,_1567_Burgem._J._Buik_te_Amst._(titel_op_object),_RP-P-OB-78.945.jpg |access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> |
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Records of Amsterdam’s land register show large [[Polder|polders]] attributed to the Buyck family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.bnf.fr/15376606/polder_de_belmer__hollande_septentrionale__pays-bas_/|title=Polder de Belmer (Hollande septentrionale, Pays-Bas)|website=data.bnf.fr}}</ref> He was father to three children, Gerbrand, Jacob and Cornelis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inventarissen |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/filedetails/1468/35/callback/callback_json4 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref> |
Records of Amsterdam’s land register show large [[Polder|polders]] attributed to the Buyck family.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.bnf.fr/15376606/polder_de_belmer__hollande_septentrionale__pays-bas_/|title=Polder de Belmer (Hollande septentrionale, Pays-Bas)|website=data.bnf.fr}}</ref> He was father to three children, Gerbrand, Jacob and Cornelis.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Inventarissen |url=https://archief.amsterdam/inventarissen/filedetails/1468/35/callback/callback_json4 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=archief.amsterdam}}</ref> |
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It was the [[Alteratie]] that brought the ruling of Joost Buyck over the catholic "vroedschap" (the city-council) to an end. On 26 May 1578, 24 city-council members were forced to leave Amsterdam. The revolt escorted the council to the [[Damrak]], where barges had been prepared to take them out of Amsterdam. They settled in [[Haarlem]] or [[Leiden]] or quietly returned later on. |
It was the [[Alteratie]] that brought the ruling of Joost Buyck over the catholic "vroedschap" (the city-council) to an end. On 26 May 1578, 24 city-council members were forced to leave Amsterdam. The revolt escorted the council to the [[Damrak]], where barges had been prepared to take them out of Amsterdam. They settled in [[Haarlem]] or [[Leiden]] or quietly returned later on. |
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=== Co-founding Compagnie van Verre & Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.) === |
=== Co-founding Compagnie van Verre & Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.) === |
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Hendrick Buyck co-founded the [[Compagnie van Verre]] (''long-distance company'') known today as the first and foremost forerunner "''companie''" that would later establish and unite as the [[Dutch East India Company]] (V.O.C. or ''[[Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie]])''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Van Dillen |title=Het Oudste Aandeelhoudersregister Van De Kamer Amsterdam Der Oost-Indische Compagnie |year=1958 |pages=108}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syvert Pietersz. Sem en de VOC {{!}} Taco Tichelaar |url=https://tacotichelaar.nl/wordpress/en/vereenigde-oostindische-compagnie/syvert-pietersz-sem/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jeffrey |first=Robertson |date=2011 |title=Capitalism and Accounting in the Dutch East-India Company 1602–1623 |url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4329&context=theses |url-status=live |page=284}}</ref> He was part of a company of nine merchants, who had organised a fleet to Java.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Terpstra |first=H. |title=De Nederlandsche voorcompagnieën, Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië |publisher=F.W. Stapel |year=1938 |pages=275–475}}</ref> |
Hendrick Buyck co-founded the [[Compagnie van Verre]] (''long-distance company'') known today as the first and foremost forerunner "''companie''" that would later establish and unite as the [[Dutch East India Company]] (V.O.C. or ''[[Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie]])''.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Van Dillen |title=Het Oudste Aandeelhoudersregister Van De Kamer Amsterdam Der Oost-Indische Compagnie |year=1958 |pages=108}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Syvert Pietersz. Sem en de VOC {{!}} Taco Tichelaar |url=https://tacotichelaar.nl/wordpress/en/vereenigde-oostindische-compagnie/syvert-pietersz-sem/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jeffrey |first=Robertson |date=2011 |title=Capitalism and Accounting in the Dutch East-India Company 1602–1623 |url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4329&context=theses |url-status=live |page=284}}</ref> He was part of a company of nine merchants, who had organised a fleet to Java.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Terpstra |first=H. |title=De Nederlandsche voorcompagnieën, Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië |publisher=F.W. Stapel |year=1938 |pages=275–475}}</ref> |
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All the nine merchants each invested 12'000 guilders: the present value their contribution could buy six canal-side houses in early seventeenth-century Amsterdam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petram |first=Lodewijk |date=15 October 2020 |title=The world's first IPO |url=https://www.worldsfirststockexchange.com/2020/10/15/the-worlds-first-ipo/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=The World’s First Stock Exchange |language=en-US}}</ref> All those that met in the [[Warmoesstraat]] (Amsterdam), in May 1594 became "bewinthebbers", the equivalent of "bewindvoerders" or administrators today.<ref name=":0" /> |
All the nine merchants each invested 12'000 guilders: the present value their contribution could buy six canal-side houses in early seventeenth-century Amsterdam.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Petram |first=Lodewijk |date=15 October 2020 |title=The world's first IPO |url=https://www.worldsfirststockexchange.com/2020/10/15/the-worlds-first-ipo/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=The World’s First Stock Exchange |language=en-US}}</ref> All those that met in the [[Warmoesstraat]] (Amsterdam), in May 1594 became "bewinthebbers", the equivalent of "bewindvoerders" or administrators today.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The first page of the V.O.C. capital subscription ledger contains the provision that shares in the V.O.C. could be traded, a prerequisite that made it to be the first joint-stock company. At the foot of the page, the entries of director Hendrick Buyck can be seen. |
The first page of the V.O.C. capital subscription ledger contains the provision that shares in the V.O.C. could be traded, a prerequisite that made it to be the first joint-stock company. At the foot of the page, the entries of director Hendrick Buyck can be seen. |
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== Royal matrimony == |
== Royal matrimony == |
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[[File:Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702-1789) - Prince Charles Edward Stuart (1720–1788), Eldest Son of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart - PG 1519 - National Galleries of Scotland.jpg|thumb|Charles Edward Stuart |
[[File:Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702-1789) - Prince Charles Edward Stuart (1720–1788), Eldest Son of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart - PG 1519 - National Galleries of Scotland.jpg|thumb|Charles Edward Stuart, [[Oil paint|oil]] on canvas, 1737]] |
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=== Marriage between Maria Buyck and Prince Charles Edward Stuart === |
=== Marriage between Maria Buyck and Prince Charles Edward Stuart === |
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In 1688, the Dutch stadtholder [[William III of England|William III]] invaded England with a strong army at the invitation of Protestant politicians. He expelled his father-in-law James II, who had become Catholic, in favor of his eldest daughter Mary. In 1745, James' grandson, known as [[Bonnie Prince Charlie]] because of his good looks, invaded Scotland. He unleashed the Jacobite Uprising, which eventually met an unsuccessful end at the Battle of Culloden (1746). |
In 1688, the Dutch stadtholder [[William III of England|William III]] invaded England with a strong army at the invitation of Protestant politicians. He expelled his father-in-law James II, who had become Catholic, in favor of his eldest daughter Mary. In 1745, James' grandson, known as [[Bonnie Prince Charlie]] because of his good looks, invaded Scotland. He unleashed the Jacobite Uprising, which eventually met an unsuccessful end at the Battle of Culloden (1746). |
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It was Prince Charles Eduard Stuart, the grandson of [[James II of England|King James II of England]] & VII of Scotland which marred pseudonym Jan Hendrik Krijgherman he married Maria Buyck in 1749.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruis |first=Auteur: Edwin |date=2 February 2014 |title=De Belg die koning wilde worden |url=https://historiek.net/de-belg-die-koning-wilde-worden/40136/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Historiek |language=nl}}</ref> |
It was Prince Charles Eduard Stuart, the grandson of [[James II of England|King James II of England]] & VII of Scotland which marred pseudonym Jan Hendrik Krijgherman he married Maria Buyck in 1749.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Ruis |first=Auteur: Edwin |date=2 February 2014 |title=De Belg die koning wilde worden |url=https://historiek.net/de-belg-die-koning-wilde-worden/40136/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Historiek |language=nl}}</ref> |
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The pseudonym was a consequence of his 1748 protest against the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which had confirmed the British claims of the House of Hanover. On account of this treaty, Charles was required to leave France. Although he continued to visit there in disguise for the next few years, in May 1752 Charles he formally transferred his residence to Ghent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles III |url=http://www.jacobite.ca/kings/charles3.htm |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=www.jacobite.ca}}</ref> |
The pseudonym was a consequence of his 1748 protest against the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which had confirmed the British claims of the House of Hanover. On account of this treaty, Charles was required to leave France. Although he continued to visit there in disguise for the next few years, in May 1752 Charles he formally transferred his residence to Ghent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles III |url=http://www.jacobite.ca/kings/charles3.htm |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=www.jacobite.ca}}</ref> |
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[[File:Generalkonsul Nicolaas Buyck im Kölner Rathaus-3898.jpg|thumb|Nicolaas Buyck (2013)]] |
[[File:Generalkonsul Nicolaas Buyck im Kölner Rathaus-3898.jpg|thumb|Nicolaas Buyck (2013)]] |
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=== |
=== Counsel for foreign affairs === |
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⚫ | In 1997, by royal decree, the relevance of the steelworks' business led to the appointment as counsel for foreign affairs, to the Belgian Vice Prime Minister, Foreign Affairs and Finance Minister.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Ministère des affaires étrangères |first=du commerce exterieur et de la cooperation au developpement |date=8 September 1997 |title=Arrêté Royal du 08/09/1997 arrete royal portant statut des conseillers du commerce exterieur |url=https://etaamb.openjustice.be/fr/arrete-royal-du-08-septembre-1997_n1997015202 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=etaamb.openjustice.be |language=fr}}</ref> |
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=== Nicolaas Buyck === |
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⚫ | Robert Buyck served the Belgian marines and is commemorated for falling at sea in saving a vessel in distress. In 1927, a Brussels’ street was named after him in commemoration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ebru.be/Streets/streets1070/bruxelles-1070-rue-robert-buyck.html |
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⚫ | Nicolaas Buyck is a seasoned diplomat with his first assignment dating back to 1990. He currently serves as Belgian ambassador to Croatia.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Belgian Embassy in Croatia – Who's who |date=4 December 2014 |url=https://croatia.diplomatie.belgium.be/en/embassy-and-consulates/embassy/whos-who}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Benelux union- a successful and unique model of cooperation |url=https://www.europe.hr/news/webinar-the-benelux-union-a-successful-and-unique-model-of-cooperation/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Europski dom Zagreb |language=en-US}}</ref> The Embassy in Zagreb is responsible for Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. |
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=== Counsel for foreign affairs === |
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⚫ | In 1997, by royal decree, the relevance of the steelworks' business led to the appointment as counsel for foreign affairs, to the Belgian Vice Prime Minister, Foreign Affairs and Finance Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministère des affaires étrangères |first=du commerce exterieur et de la cooperation au developpement |date=8 September 1997 |title=Arrêté Royal du 08/09/1997 arrete royal portant statut des conseillers du commerce exterieur |url=https://etaamb.openjustice.be/fr/arrete-royal-du-08-septembre-1997_n1997015202 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=etaamb.openjustice.be |language=fr}}</ref> |
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Under his tenure His Excellency established honorary consulates in the cities of Dubrovnik, Opatija and Split.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diplomacyandcommerce.hr/h-e-nicolaas-buyck-30-years-of-partnership/|title=H.E. Nicolaas Buyck : 30 years of Partnership|first=Boban|last=Spasojević|date=2 May 2022}}</ref> His previous functions as ambassador include his diplomatic posting in Estonia. |
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Originally from [[Eeklo]], Belgium, His first mission was in [[Brazzaville|Kongo-Brazzaville]], and was previously posted as ambassador to [[Tallinn]], Estonia in 2008. <ref name=":13" /> |
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⚫ | Nicolaas Buyck currently serves as Belgian ambassador to Croatia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belgian Embassy in Croatia – Who's who |date=4 December 2014 |url=https://croatia.diplomatie.belgium.be/en/embassy-and-consulates/embassy/whos-who}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Benelux union- a successful and unique model of cooperation |url=https://www.europe.hr/news/webinar-the-benelux-union-a-successful-and-unique-model-of-cooperation/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=Europski dom Zagreb |language=en-US}}</ref> The Embassy in Zagreb is responsible for Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. |
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== Artistic references == |
== Artistic references == |
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote the 1788 theatre play called '''''[[Egmont (play)|Egmont]]'''''. It contained historic characters including the [[Lamoral, Count of Egmont|Count of Egmont]] set in Brussels. |
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote the 1788 theatre play called '''''[[Egmont (play)|Egmont]]'''''. It contained historic characters including the [[Lamoral, Count of Egmont|Count of Egmont]] set in Brussels. |
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The scene is set in Belgium in 1568. <ref>{{Citation |title=Egmont: Translated by Michael Hamburger |date=2016-01-12 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400874255-004/html |work=Egmont: Translated by Michael Hamburger |pages=41–106 |publisher=Princeton University Press |language=en |doi=10.1515/9781400874255-004 |isbn=978-1-4008-7425-5 |access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Key in the cast are the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alva]] and [[William of Orange]], as well as Buyck a Hollander (a native from the former province of [[Holland]]), embodying the military arm as archer <ref>{{Cite web |title=Das Goethezeitportal: Illustrationen zu Goethes "Egmont" |url=http://www.goethezeitportal.de/wissen/illustrationen/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/illustrationen-zu-goethes-egmont.html |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=www.goethezeitportal.de}}</ref> and reporting to the Count of Egmont.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egmont, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1945/1945-h/1945-h.htm |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite document |title=Google Books }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Book «Egmont» |url=https://linguabooster.com/en/en/book/egmont |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=LinguaBooster |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Egmont – Wikisource |url=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Egmont |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=fr.wikisource.org |language=fr}}</ref> |
The scene is set in Belgium in 1568. <ref>{{Citation |title=Egmont: Translated by Michael Hamburger |date=2016-01-12 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400874255-004/html |work=Egmont: Translated by Michael Hamburger |pages=41–106 |publisher=Princeton University Press |language=en |doi=10.1515/9781400874255-004 |isbn=978-1-4008-7425-5 |access-date=2023-02-26}}</ref> Key in the cast are the [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alva]] and [[William of Orange]], as well as Buyck a Hollander (a native from the former province of [[Holland]]), embodying the military arm as archer <ref>{{Cite web |title=Das Goethezeitportal: Illustrationen zu Goethes "Egmont" |url=http://www.goethezeitportal.de/wissen/illustrationen/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/illustrationen-zu-goethes-egmont.html |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=www.goethezeitportal.de}}</ref> and reporting to the Count of Egmont.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egmont, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1945/1945-h/1945-h.htm |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite document |title=Google Books }}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Book «Egmont» |url=https://linguabooster.com/en/en/book/egmont |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=LinguaBooster |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Egmont – Wikisource |url=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Egmont |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=fr.wikisource.org |language=fr}}</ref> |
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Buyck's role in the plot characterised Egmont as a strong and effective military leader and reminds the audience of the count's attitude toward religious tolerance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johann von Goethe Wolfgang Criticism: Egmont: Ein Trauerspiel In FüNf AufzüGen - Essay - eNotes.com |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/johann-von-goethe-wolfgang/critical-essays/criticism-egmont-ein-trauerspiel-funf-aufzugen |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=eNotes |language=en}}</ref> |
Buyck's role in the plot characterised Egmont as a strong and effective military leader and reminds the audience of the count's attitude toward religious tolerance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johann von Goethe Wolfgang Criticism: Egmont: Ein Trauerspiel In FüNf AufzüGen - Essay - eNotes.com |url=https://www.enotes.com/topics/johann-von-goethe-wolfgang/critical-essays/criticism-egmont-ein-trauerspiel-funf-aufzugen |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=eNotes |language=en}}</ref> |
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He practiced lithography, oil painting and etching with prominent pieces found in the [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edward Pierre Buyck {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/edward-pierre-buyck-698 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> A fire in his studio, in Slingerlands, New York, in 1940 caused many of his works to be lost.<ref>Edward P. Buyck Papers Inventory, 1924-1962, FC 782. Albany Institute of History & Art Library, Albany, New York.</ref> |
He practiced lithography, oil painting and etching with prominent pieces found in the [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edward Pierre Buyck {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/edward-pierre-buyck-698 |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> A fire in his studio, in Slingerlands, New York, in 1940 caused many of his works to be lost.<ref>Edward P. Buyck Papers Inventory, 1924-1962, FC 782. Albany Institute of History & Art Library, Albany, New York.</ref> |
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Several artworks were commissioned and include the portrait of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] which went on display in the [[White House]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt Portrait |url=https://fdr.artifacts.archives.gov/objects/6927/franklin-d-roosevelt-portrait |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=fdr.artifacts.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref>. Other notable portraits include that of [[Charles Poletti]] as justice of the New York Supreme Court. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=WWI Vet, Belgian Painter Edward Buyck in NY - New York Almanack |url=https://www.newyorkalmanack.com/2020/01/wwi-vet-belgian-painter-edward-buyck-in-ny/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
Several artworks were commissioned and include the portrait of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] which went on display in the [[White House]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt Portrait |url=https://fdr.artifacts.archives.gov/objects/6927/franklin-d-roosevelt-portrait |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=fdr.artifacts.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref>. Other notable portraits include that of [[Charles Poletti]] as justice of the New York Supreme Court. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-26 |title=WWI Vet, Belgian Painter Edward Buyck in NY - New York Almanack |url=https://www.newyorkalmanack.com/2020/01/wwi-vet-belgian-painter-edward-buyck-in-ny/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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== Architecture == |
== Architecture == |
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The family is known to have bequeathed the Belgium architectural landscape, dating back to 18th century. |
The family is known to have bequeathed the Belgium architectural landscape, dating back to 18th century. |
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[[File:Zeebrugge Post.jpg|thumb|'State Building', Zeebrugge, Belgium by René Buyck |
[[File:Zeebrugge Post.jpg|thumb|'State Building', Zeebrugge, Belgium by René Buyck]] |
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=== Neorenaissance === |
=== Neorenaissance === |
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It was his son [[René Buyck]] that succeeded him in architecture, building numerous projects for the Flemish authorities. He is recognised for his neo-gothic and neo-romantic style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Low Countries Historical Review {{!}} Volume 133 (2018) {{!}} review 1 |url=https://www.recensio.net/rezensionen/zeitschriften/bmgn/133-2018/01-06/issue.pdf}}</ref> He is known to have designed the largest state administrative building at time in [[Zeebrugge]], built in 1914. <ref>Ontdek Zeebrugge Brochure https://www.brugge.be/omd-zeebrugge-2020-brochure</ref> |
It was his son [[René Buyck]] that succeeded him in architecture, building numerous projects for the Flemish authorities. He is recognised for his neo-gothic and neo-romantic style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Low Countries Historical Review {{!}} Volume 133 (2018) {{!}} review 1 |url=https://www.recensio.net/rezensionen/zeitschriften/bmgn/133-2018/01-06/issue.pdf}}</ref> He is known to have designed the largest state administrative building at time in [[Zeebrugge]], built in 1914. <ref>Ontdek Zeebrugge Brochure https://www.brugge.be/omd-zeebrugge-2020-brochure</ref> |
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=== Contemporary architecture === |
=== Contemporary architecture === |
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[[File:Hotel Astoria by Henri Van Dievoet, Brussels.jpg|thumb|Hotel Astoria, Brussels (2020) |
[[File:Hotel Astoria by Henri Van Dievoet, Brussels.jpg|thumb|Hotel Astoria, Brussels (2020)]]Tony Buyck, is a well known architect based in Brussels. He established the recognised firm ARCHI-BURO architects in 1972 after he graduated from [[Ghent University|Ghent university]] college St Lukas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1970 |title=Academiejaar negen en zestig – zeventig. Afdeling architectuur. Studiewerken – eerste jaar / |url=https://lib.ugent.be/nl/catalog/rug01:002947223 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=lib.ugent.be}}</ref> |
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As architect he built experience in designing the Cairo Garden City Center in [[Egypt]], and in Belgium [[BMW]] and [[Mercedes-Benz Group|Mercedes]] show-rooms and over 100 private owned estates. He is recognised by his avant-garde style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House for sale Overijse Jezus-Eik -, Real estate agency Brussels – Find A Home |url=https://www.findahome.be/en/immo/house-for-sale-overijse-jezus-eik/4700266 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=www.findahome.be}}</ref> |
As architect he built experience in designing the Cairo Garden City Center in [[Egypt]], and in Belgium [[BMW]] and [[Mercedes-Benz Group|Mercedes]] show-rooms and over 100 private owned estates. He is recognised by his avant-garde style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House for sale Overijse Jezus-Eik -, Real estate agency Brussels – Find A Home |url=https://www.findahome.be/en/immo/house-for-sale-overijse-jezus-eik/4700266 |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=www.findahome.be}}</ref> |
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=== Construction steelworks === |
=== Construction steelworks === |
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[[File:30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) - City Of London. (4789571866).jpg|thumb|The Gherkin, a steel structure by Victor Buyck ( |
[[File:30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin) - City Of London. (4789571866).jpg|thumb|The Gherkin, a steel structure by Victor Buyck (2003)]] |
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Victor Buyck is named after its founder who established the business in 1927 near [[Ghent]], Belgium. Initially Victor Buyck manufactured small machines for local businesses and farmers before moving into the construction of aircraft hangars, sheds and outbuildings. |
Victor Buyck is named after its founder who established the business in 1927 near [[Ghent]], Belgium. Initially Victor Buyck manufactured small machines for local businesses and farmers before moving into the construction of aircraft hangars, sheds and outbuildings. |
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Most prominently, in Europe, [[30 St Mary Axe|the Gherkin]], built-to-suit for the [[Swiss Re]] was built by Victor Buyck with construction starting in 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swiss RE building |url=https://hollandia.biz/en/projecten/swiss-re-building/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Hollandia |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2014-05-01 |title=Victor Buyck Steel Construction |url=https://ccemagazine.com/news/victor-buyck-steel-construction/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Construction & Civil Engineering magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Richard Lees Decking |url=https://www.richardlees.co.uk/pages/gherkin.php |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.richardlees.co.uk}}</ref> The 40-sotrey structure contains 100'000 tonnes of steel and stands at 180 meter, the second tallest structure of the [[City of London|London Square Mile]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=aaronmorby |date=2001-04-26 |title=Dutch take slice of erotic gherkin |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/dutch-take-slice-of-erotic-gherkin-26-04-2001/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Construction News |language=en}}</ref> |
Most prominently, in Europe, [[30 St Mary Axe|the Gherkin]], built-to-suit for the [[Swiss Re]] was built by Victor Buyck with construction starting in 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swiss RE building |url=https://hollandia.biz/en/projecten/swiss-re-building/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Hollandia |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2014-05-01 |title=Victor Buyck Steel Construction |url=https://ccemagazine.com/news/victor-buyck-steel-construction/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Construction & Civil Engineering magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Richard Lees Decking |url=https://www.richardlees.co.uk/pages/gherkin.php |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.richardlees.co.uk}}</ref> The 40-sotrey structure contains 100'000 tonnes of steel and stands at 180 meter, the second tallest structure of the [[City of London|London Square Mile]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=aaronmorby |date=2001-04-26 |title=Dutch take slice of erotic gherkin |url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/archive/dutch-take-slice-of-erotic-gherkin-26-04-2001/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=Construction News |language=en}}</ref> |
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In the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg the firm was recognised |
In the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg the firm was recognised during the 2015 steel construction awards, more specifically for the [[KPMG]] headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Les nominés du Concours Construction Acier 2015 |url=https://paperjam.lu/article/news-les-nomines-du-concours-construction-acier-2015 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=paperjam.lu |language=fr}}</ref> |
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The firm has also known for building a temporary structure allowing for the [[Adolphe Bridge|Adolphe bridge]] in city. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pont bleu provisoire - Luxembourg - Infosteel |url=https://www.infoacier.be/fr/membres/membres/99-francais/projets/infrastructures/2339-pont-bleu-provisoire-luxembourg.html |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.infoacier.be}}</ref> |
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== Logomachy == |
== Logomachy == |
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[[File:Blanche Delacroix and children.jpg|thumb|Baroness Vaughan and children, Caroline Lacroix and her children, Lucien, Duke of Tervuren and Philippe, Count of Ravenstein (1910).]] |
[[File:Blanche Delacroix and children.jpg|thumb|Baroness Vaughan and children, Caroline Lacroix and her children, Lucien, Duke of Tervuren and Philippe, Count of Ravenstein (1910).]] |
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'''Acquisition of the H.R.M. Queen of Belgium's mansion''' |
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In 1991, after acquiring the private residence of [[Caroline Lacroix|Baroness Vaughan]], Queen [[Leopold II of Belgium|to Leopold II of Belgium]], the Buyck family attracted dispute over the property. |
In 1991, after acquiring the private residence of [[Caroline Lacroix|Baroness Vaughan]], Queen [[Leopold II of Belgium|to Leopold II of Belgium]], the Buyck family attracted dispute over the property. |
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'''Attempted eviction procedure by challenger mayor''' |
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The Brussels' mansion had seen Guy Cudell fail to acquire the property.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LE 28 DE LA RUE POTAGERE MENACE D'EXPROPRIATION UN CAPRICE D'UTILITE PUBLIQUE |url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/%2Fle-28-de-la-rue-potagere-menace-d-expropriation-un-capr_t-19910615-Z042NC.html |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=Le Soir |language=fr}}</ref> In a bid to have the Buyck family turn in the asset, the Brussels' Mayor initiated an eviction procedure. Guy Cudell started the process on the grounds that the compulsory purchase was in the public interest. |
The Brussels' mansion had seen Guy Cudell fail to acquire the property.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LE 28 DE LA RUE POTAGERE MENACE D'EXPROPRIATION UN CAPRICE D'UTILITE PUBLIQUE |url=https://www.lesoir.be/art/%2Fle-28-de-la-rue-potagere-menace-d-expropriation-un-capr_t-19910615-Z042NC.html |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=Le Soir |language=fr}}</ref> In a bid to have the Buyck family turn in the asset, the Brussels' Mayor initiated an eviction procedure. Guy Cudell started the process on the grounds that the compulsory purchase was in the public interest. |
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'''Advocacy''' |
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The Buyck family called upon [[Belgian royal family]]'s support to fight the procedure. The planning process initiated by the city administration was investigated by the cabinet and diplomatic advisors to the [[Albert II of Belgium|King Albert II of Belgium]]. They found it contained irregularities causing the eviction proceedings to be invalidated. |
The Buyck family called upon [[Belgian royal family]]'s support to fight the procedure. The planning process initiated by the city administration was investigated by the cabinet and diplomatic advisors to the [[Albert II of Belgium|King Albert II of Belgium]]. They found it contained irregularities causing the eviction proceedings to be invalidated. |
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'''Safekeeping''' |
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The ownership has since been retained by the Buyck family. To protect the neoclassical property it was recorded as monumental heritage for Brussels in 1993 and later recognised as Belgian monumental heritage in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=– Inventaire du patrimoine architectural |url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/buildings/10233 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=monument.heritage.brussels |language=fr}}</ref> |
The ownership has since been retained by the Buyck family. To protect the neoclassical property it was recorded as monumental heritage for Brussels in 1993 and later recognised as Belgian monumental heritage in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=– Inventaire du patrimoine architectural |url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/fr/buildings/10233 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=monument.heritage.brussels |language=fr}}</ref> |
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== Medical field == |
== Medical field == |
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'''Ernest Buyck''' |
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⚫ | Ernest Noël Dominique Buyck, born in 1870, married in Brussels<ref>{{Cite web |title=Généalogie de Ernest Noel Dominique BUYCK |url=https://gw.geneanet.org/buyckstomer?lang=fr&n=buyck&oc=0&p=ernest+noel+dominique |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Geneanet |language=fr}}</ref> and doctor in medicine was appointed as knight to the [[Legion of Honour|Legion of Honor]] in 1917.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministére de la culture - Base Léonore |url=http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/LH/LH321/PG/FRDAFAN84_O19800035v2359037.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=www2.culture.gouv.fr}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Ernest Noël Dominique Buyck, born in 1870, married in Brussels<ref>{{Cite web |title=Généalogie de Ernest Noel Dominique BUYCK |url=https://gw.geneanet.org/buyckstomer?lang=fr&n=buyck&oc=0&p=ernest+noel+dominique |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Geneanet |language=fr}}</ref> and doctor in medicine was appointed as knight to the [[Legion of Honour|Legion of Honor]] in 1917.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Ministére de la culture - Base Léonore |url=http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/LH/LH321/PG/FRDAFAN84_O19800035v2359037.htm |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=www2.culture.gouv.fr}}</ref> |
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'''Félix Buyck''' |
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Félix Buyck is a published author on spinal trauma <ref>{{Cite web |title=Masterproef over lage rugpijn sleepte een nominatie in de wacht voor de felbevochten Vlaamse Scriptieprijs |url=https://www.mastergeneeskunde.be/blog/masterproef-over-lage-rugpijn-sleepte-een-nominatie-de-wacht-voor-de-felbevochten-vlaamse |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=VUB |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Het brein als medicijn tegen rugpijn |url=https://www.eoswetenschap.eu/psyche-brein/het-brein-als-medicijn |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=EOS Wetenschap |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=De Groote |first1=Sander |last2=Goudman |first2=Lisa |last3=Linderoth |first3=Bengt |last4=Buyck |first4=Félix |last5=Rigoard |first5=Philippe |last6=De Jaeger |first6=Mats |last7=Van Schuerbeek |first7=Peter |last8=Peeters |first8=Ronald |last9=Sunaert |first9=Stefan |last10=Moens |first10=Maarten |date=November 2020 |title=A Regions of Interest Voxel-Based Morphometry Study of the Human Brain During High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32470180/ |journal=Pain Practice: The Official Journal of World Institute of Pain |volume=20 |issue=8 |pages=878–888 |doi=10.1111/papr.12922 |issn=1533-2500 |pmid=32470180|s2cid=219104121 }}</ref>. He is a graduate from the Free University of Brussels ([[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]]) and was recognised for authoring the study of the Human Brain During High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation during his studies. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Researchgate |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341747152}}</ref> |
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The Benelux Neuromodulation Society awarded Félix Buyck for his work on 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |title=BNS Home |url=https://bns.memberclicks.net/ |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=bns.memberclicks.net}}</ref>. He was shortlisted for Flemish thesis award in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kellen |first=John |title=Félix Buyck op shortlist Vlaamse Scriptieprijs 2020 |url=https://gf.vub.ac.be/felix-buyck-op-shortlist-vlaamse-scriptieprijs-2020.php |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=VUB Faculteit Geneeskunde en Farmacie |language=nl-nl}}</ref> |
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== Commitment to philanthropy == |
== Commitment to philanthropy == |
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![]() Buyck Coat of Arms as stored in Archives of the city of Amsterdam, 1521 | |||||
Buyck | Buijck | |||||
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House | Knighted by King Christian of Denmark in 1521 | ||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism |
The Buyck (spelling variant: Buijck) family is a noble Belgian family which can trace its origins back to the 15th century. [1][2][3]
Several members have been prominent in politics, business and economics, architecture, as well as in the military field. The family was granted a heraldic title in 1521 [4] and is credited with co-founding the world's first publicly listed company [5][6].
Different descendants have been instated to national orders from the Kingdom of Belgium and knighthood: more specifically to the Order of the Crown [7], the Order of Leopold [8], and the Legion of Honour [9].
The family has a long history of service to the monarchies in the region of Flanders and the Low Countries [10], a region that spans today’s countries of Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg, as well as links to the Scottish and English crowns [11].
Contemporary members of the Buyck family still active in Belgian diplomacy [12], business [13], and remains recognised for its longstanding prominence [14]. To the present day the family maintains its institutionalised commitment to philanthropy internationally.
Titles and heraldry
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Title_of_Heraldry_Buyck.jpg/220px-Title_of_Heraldry_Buyck.jpg)
Knighthood
In 1521, the Buyck family was granted a title of nobility, knighted, by King Christian of Denmark, according to the laws of heraldry.[4][15] The King of Arms had the power to assign coats of arms and verify genealogies and noble titles.
Coat of arms and motto
The coat of arms is a diamond-shaped shield, bisected blue-grey and red, over a lion from one to the other. The earliest reproduction that is still in storage today is the coat of arms as found on the letter from King Christian of Denmark. Later also on the cover of Elisabeth Buyck’s Album Amicorum.
The heraldic family motto is in the old French languagespelling: « Ainsy Dieu Plaist » (modern spelling: « ainsi dieu plaît »), translating to « as it pleases to God ».
The region where the family originated from is formerly part of West Francia. The formal education was furthermore conducted in French, considered the Lingua Franca of the upper class and the higher culture (see Split of the Catholic University of Leuven). It therefore not uncommon to thus find heraldic mottoes in French.
Etymology
The origins of the family name are Flemish. They are from a derivative of the ancient Germanic personal name Burghard (see Burkhart) and can compare with the German Buck. It is also found under a Dutch variant, mostly archaic Buijk or Buik.[16]
The Germanic Burkhart originates from the medieval personal name Burkhard from ancient Germanic Burghard. This is composed of the elements burg ‘fort castle’ + hard‘ hardy brave strong’.[17]
Settlements across the Atlantic (refer to the town of Buyck, Minnesota) may lead to alternative, though less frequent, pronunciations.
Military
The Buyck family has had a long history of political involvement and has gained recognition for its role military and in politics.
Jean Buyck
Jean (Jan in Flemish) Buyck was a knight, born in Flanders in the 14th century, and commander of the Flemish fleet. He originated from the County of Flanders (also known as Comté de Flandre in French), also known as "Royal Flanders". For centuries, the estates around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypres formed one of the most affluent regions in Europe.
Jean Buyck was called upon to protect the maritime commerce, in particular from attacks orchestrated by Charles VI, he led the Franco-Flemish fleet.[18] On 25 March 1387, in a battle near the River Thames estuary in the English Channel the captain of the Flemish fleet, Jean Buyck, was taken prisoner.[19] As he was the most remarkable seaman in Flanders, Duke Philip the Bold offered the English to exchange him for the natural brother of the King of Portugal who had been taken by the French. But the English, remembering the many damages that this brave captain had caused them, refused this exchange. This battle at the mouth of the Thames where we see the Spanish ships fighting as they had previously done side by side with those of Flanders[20]
Robert Buyck
Robert Buyck served the Belgian marines and is commemorated for falling at sea in saving a vessel in distress. In 1927, a Brussels’ street was named after him in commemoration.[21]
Political (renaissance)
Joost Sijbrandtszoon Buyck
In the early modern period, the Buyck family was a wealthy Amsterdam family.[22] Marriages with other prominent traders occurred including families Occo and Heereman van Zuydtwijk.[23] [24]
Several of Buyck family members held important positions in Amsterdam's city council. The most famous member is Joost Sijbrandtszoon Buyck (1505–1588),[25] who served a record seventeen terms as one of the mayors of Amsterdam in the period 1549–1577.[26][3][27] He will be sworn in by King Philip II of Spain in 1549.[28] He joined the city counsel at the age of 24 and was recognized as catholic.[29][1]
Records of Amsterdam’s land register show large polders attributed to the Buyck family.[30] He was father to three children, Gerbrand, Jacob and Cornelis.[2]
It was the Alteratie that brought the ruling of Joost Buyck over the catholic "vroedschap" (the city-council) to an end. On 26 May 1578, 24 city-council members were forced to leave Amsterdam. The revolt escorted the council to the Damrak, where barges had been prepared to take them out of Amsterdam. They settled in Haarlem or Leiden or quietly returned later on.
First joint-stock company in the world
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VOC-Capital-Subscribtion.jpg/220px-VOC-Capital-Subscribtion.jpg)
Hendrick Buyck
A successful merchant[31] and co-founder of the first stock-listed company Hendrick Buyck was born 1551 (buried in Amsterdam, 1613)[32] brother to Joost Buyck, the Amsterdam mayor, and Jacob Buyck, the last pastor of the Oude Kerck, who fought against the Alteration.[33]
Co-founding Compagnie van Verre & Dutch East India Company (V.O.C.)
Hendrick Buyck co-founded the Compagnie van Verre (long-distance company) known today as the first and foremost forerunner "companie" that would later establish and unite as the Dutch East India Company (V.O.C. or Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie).[6][34][35] He was part of a company of nine merchants, who had organised a fleet to Java.[36]
All the nine merchants each invested 12'000 guilders: the present value their contribution could buy six canal-side houses in early seventeenth-century Amsterdam.[5] All those that met in the Warmoesstraat (Amsterdam), in May 1594 became "bewinthebbers", the equivalent of "bewindvoerders" or administrators today.[35]
The first page of the V.O.C. capital subscription ledger contains the provision that shares in the V.O.C. could be traded, a prerequisite that made it to be the first joint-stock company. At the foot of the page, the entries of director Hendrick Buyck can be seen.
The management was organised as such to have six "chambers" ("kamers"), with the closest correspondence being divisions in modern corporate governance terms. Of those governing those chambers all administrators were partaking: they were known as the XVIII Lords ("Heren XVIII").[37]
The voyages of the V.O.C. endured long after the passing of the founders with its charter being renewed several times. A total of 4'721 vessels fared to Asia of which 3'356 returned. The company was nationalised in 1795.[37]
Royal matrimony
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Liotard_%281702-1789%29_-_Prince_Charles_Edward_Stuart_%281720%E2%80%931788%29%2C_Eldest_Son_of_Prince_James_Francis_Edward_Stuart_-_PG_1519_-_National_Galleries_of_Scotland.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg)
Marriage between Maria Buyck and Prince Charles Edward Stuart
In 1688, the Dutch stadtholder William III invaded England with a strong army at the invitation of Protestant politicians. He expelled his father-in-law James II, who had become Catholic, in favor of his eldest daughter Mary. In 1745, James' grandson, known as Bonnie Prince Charlie because of his good looks, invaded Scotland. He unleashed the Jacobite Uprising, which eventually met an unsuccessful end at the Battle of Culloden (1746).
It was Prince Charles Eduard Stuart, the grandson of King James II of England & VII of Scotland which marred pseudonym Jan Hendrik Krijgherman he married Maria Buyck in 1749.[11]
The pseudonym was a consequence of his 1748 protest against the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle which had confirmed the British claims of the House of Hanover. On account of this treaty, Charles was required to leave France. Although he continued to visit there in disguise for the next few years, in May 1752 Charles he formally transferred his residence to Ghent.[38]
Whilst he married Maria Buyck, it is believed that Clementina Walkinshaw (born 1720) was the mistress of Prince Charles Edward Stuart.[39][40]
Diplomatic
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Generalkonsul_Nicolaas_Buyck_im_K%C3%B6lner_Rathaus-3898.jpg/220px-Generalkonsul_Nicolaas_Buyck_im_K%C3%B6lner_Rathaus-3898.jpg)
Counsel for foreign affairs
In 1997, by royal decree, the relevance of the steelworks' business led to the appointment as counsel for foreign affairs, to the Belgian Vice Prime Minister, Foreign Affairs and Finance Minister.[13]
Nicolaas Buyck
Nicolaas Buyck is a seasoned diplomat with his first assignment dating back to 1990. He currently serves as Belgian ambassador to Croatia.[12] [41] The Embassy in Zagreb is responsible for Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia.
Under his tenure His Excellency established honorary consulates in the cities of Dubrovnik, Opatija and Split.[42] His previous functions as ambassador include his diplomatic posting in Estonia.
Originally from Eeklo, Belgium, His first mission was in Kongo-Brazzaville, and was previously posted as ambassador to Tallinn, Estonia in 2008. [14]
Artistic references
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Thumann_Armbrust_Goethe_Egmont.jpg/220px-Thumann_Armbrust_Goethe_Egmont.jpg)
Playwright
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote the 1788 theatre play called Egmont. It contained historic characters including the Count of Egmont set in Brussels.
The scene is set in Belgium in 1568. [43] Key in the cast are the Duke of Alva and William of Orange, as well as Buyck a Hollander (a native from the former province of Holland), embodying the military arm as archer [44] and reporting to the Count of Egmont.[45][46][10][47]
Buyck's role in the plot characterised Egmont as a strong and effective military leader and reminds the audience of the count's attitude toward religious tolerance.[48]
Later, in 1809 Ludwig van Beethoven composed the accompanying musical performance for the Viennese opera house. In 1974 movie of the play was released.[49]
Painting
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Early_Morning_in_the_Catskills_SAAM-1971.265_1.jpg/220px-Early_Morning_in_the_Catskills_SAAM-1971.265_1.jpg)
Edouard Pierre August Vincent Buyck was a Brugge-born (1888) painter that was active in New York, United States, passing in 1960. [50] Buyck emigrated to the United States during World War I after he was wounded fighting with the Belgium forces.
He practiced lithography, oil painting and etching with prominent pieces found in the Smithsonian American Art Museum. [51] A fire in his studio, in Slingerlands, New York, in 1940 caused many of his works to be lost.[52]
Several artworks were commissioned and include the portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt which went on display in the White House [53]. Other notable portraits include that of Charles Poletti as justice of the New York Supreme Court. [54]
Architecture
The family is known to have bequeathed the Belgium architectural landscape, dating back to 18th century.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Zeebrugge_Post.jpg/220px-Zeebrugge_Post.jpg)
Neorenaissance
It was Jean-François Buyck (1761–1836), which worked in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands as a supervisor of bridges, roads and watercourses, in the administration of the Rijkswaterstaat.
From 1831 until 1841 his son Pierre Buyck was employed by the city of Bruges, under the direction of city architect Jean-Brunon Rudd. He also became a teacher at the Bruges academy.
In 1842, Pierre Buyck succeeded Jean-Augustin Van Caneghem, as he was appointed provincial architect in West Flanders, responsible for the districts of Bruges, Ostend, Veurne and Diksmuide. The 1876-built castle, intended as a countryside family residence, is now classified as architectural heritage in Flanders.[55]
It was his son René Buyck that succeeded him in architecture, building numerous projects for the Flemish authorities. He is recognised for his neo-gothic and neo-romantic style.[56] He is known to have designed the largest state administrative building at time in Zeebrugge, built in 1914. [57]
Contemporary architecture
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Hotel_Astoria_by_Henri_Van_Dievoet%2C_Brussels.jpg/220px-Hotel_Astoria_by_Henri_Van_Dievoet%2C_Brussels.jpg)
Tony Buyck, is a well known architect based in Brussels. He established the recognised firm ARCHI-BURO architects in 1972 after he graduated from Ghent university college St Lukas.[58]
As architect he built experience in designing the Cairo Garden City Center in Egypt, and in Belgium BMW and Mercedes show-rooms and over 100 private owned estates. He is recognised by his avant-garde style.[59]
Tony Buyck is an acknowledged member of the board of College of Urbanism of the Brussels-Capital Region, to which he was first appointed in 2003. [60]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Louizalaan_71_-_Elsene_%28Architect_Georges_Delcoigne%29.jpg/220px-Louizalaan_71_-_Elsene_%28Architect_Georges_Delcoigne%29.jpg)
In Brussels Tony Buyck is known to have facilitated the reposition of several hotels, principally through renovation. This includes the Hotel Astoria twice as well as several building adjacent to the Grand Place, for the Hotel Le Dixseptième, all part of UNESCO heritage.
His office also facilitated the transaction of the Steinberger Wiltcher, which succeeded operations from Hilton in the AG Real Estate-owned asset in 2012. [61] The firm acted as advisor to Deutsche Hospitality, an umbrella brand of the German hotel company Steigenberger Hotels.
The Beaux Arts-style hotel was a Conrad until 2012. After a big renovation unveiled in March 2015, the hotel changed its name to Steigenberger Wiltcher's. [62]
Construction steelworks
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/30_St_Mary_Axe_%28The_Gherkin%29_-_City_Of_London._%284789571866%29.jpg/220px-30_St_Mary_Axe_%28The_Gherkin%29_-_City_Of_London._%284789571866%29.jpg)
Victor Buyck is named after its founder who established the business in 1927 near Ghent, Belgium. Initially Victor Buyck manufactured small machines for local businesses and farmers before moving into the construction of aircraft hangars, sheds and outbuildings.
Following World War II, much of Europe’s road and rail infrastructure needed to be replaced. Victor’s son John took over the business: today Victor Buyck is divided into two separate business sectors: infrastructure and buildings.
The company has also established operations in Seremban, Malaysia. The Malaysian business operates independently of Europe and about 85% of its work comes from local projects. The company is also active in other countries in Asia including Australia and Singapore.[63]
Most prominently, in Europe, the Gherkin, built-to-suit for the Swiss Re was built by Victor Buyck with construction starting in 2001. [64][65][66] The 40-sotrey structure contains 100'000 tonnes of steel and stands at 180 meter, the second tallest structure of the London Square Mile. [67]
In the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg the firm was recognised during the 2015 steel construction awards, more specifically for the KPMG headquarters.[68]
The firm has also known for building a temporary structure allowing for the Adolphe bridge in city. [69]
Logomachy
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Blanche_Delacroix_and_children.jpg/220px-Blanche_Delacroix_and_children.jpg)
Acquisition of the H.R.M. Queen of Belgium's mansion
In 1991, after acquiring the private residence of Baroness Vaughan, Queen to Leopold II of Belgium, the Buyck family attracted dispute over the property.
Attempted eviction procedure by challenger mayor
The Brussels' mansion had seen Guy Cudell fail to acquire the property.[70] In a bid to have the Buyck family turn in the asset, the Brussels' Mayor initiated an eviction procedure. Guy Cudell started the process on the grounds that the compulsory purchase was in the public interest.
Advocacy
The Buyck family called upon Belgian royal family's support to fight the procedure. The planning process initiated by the city administration was investigated by the cabinet and diplomatic advisors to the King Albert II of Belgium. They found it contained irregularities causing the eviction proceedings to be invalidated.
Safekeeping
The ownership has since been retained by the Buyck family. To protect the neoclassical property it was recorded as monumental heritage for Brussels in 1993 and later recognised as Belgian monumental heritage in 1994.[71]
Medical field
Ernest Buyck
Ernest Noël Dominique Buyck, born in 1870, married in Brussels[72] and doctor in medicine was appointed as knight to the Legion of Honor in 1917.[9]
Félix Buyck
Félix Buyck is a published author on spinal trauma [73][74][75]. He is a graduate from the Free University of Brussels (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) and was recognised for authoring the study of the Human Brain During High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation during his studies. [76]
The Benelux Neuromodulation Society awarded Félix Buyck for his work on 2019 [77]. He was shortlisted for Flemish thesis award in 2020.[78]
Commitment to philanthropy
Notable Belgian board seats
As Stanford and KULeuven alumna, Cybelle Buyck – Board Member at EIT Food] is as Vice-President Legal and Corporate Affairs sits on the board of the AB InBev Foundation. The foundation was created in 2017 with a mission to reduce the harmful consumption of alcohol globally and bring scientific rigor to the pursuit of AB InBev’s Global Smart Drinking Goals.
Notable Luxembourgish board seats
Several members of the Buyck family have attended Solvay Business School in Brussels. David Buyck founded the Grand Duchy chapter of the institution. As President,[79] David Buyck initiated numerous initiatives, most notably the prestigious Solvay Finance Tour. The Tour (and its iterations for cities of London and Paris which followed) has the association bestowing €1,000 worth of finance books[80] to the most exceptional finance student each year. The aim is to reward excellence in finance studies and recognise the closet ties that need to be built between academia and the business world.
The Luxembourg Finance Tour offers equal opportunities to all candidates and has received the support of the Luxembourg for Finance, the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, the Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État, Bloomberg L.P., PwC, ING Group, Aperam, UBS, the European Investment Bank and the European Stability Mechanism.
References
- ^ a b Rijksmuseum (1719–1728), Nederlands: IdentificatieTitel(s): Burgemeester Joost Buyck betrapt met brieven over het aannemen van soldaten tegen die van de nieuwe religie, 1567Burgem. J. Buik te Amst. (titel op object)Objecttype: prent historieprent Objectnummer: RP-P-OB-78.945Catalogusreferentie: FMH 487-bOmschrijving: Burgemeester Joost Buyck wordt betrapt met brieven in zijn jas over het aannemen van soldaten om op te treden tegen de calvinisten, 25 februari 1567. Gedrukt binnen een kader.VervaardigingVervaardiger: prentmaker: Wouter JongmanPlaats vervaardiging: Noordelijke NederlandenDatering: 1719 – 1728Fysieke kenmerken: ets en gravureMateriaal: papier Techniek: etsen / graveren (drukprocedé)Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 136 mm × b 178 mmblad: h 202 mm × b 240 mmToelichtingIllustratie voor: G. Suikers en I. Verburg, Algemene kerkelyke en wereldlyke geschiedenissen des bekenden aardkloots, R. en J. Wetstein en W. Smith, Amsterdam 1721–1728.OnderwerpWat: Tachtigjarige OorlogReformatieWanneer: 1567-02-25 – 1567-02-25Waar: AmsterdamWie: Joost Sijbrandtsz. BuyckVerwerving en rechtenVerwerving: aankoop 1881Copyright: Publiek domein, retrieved 2 February 2023
- ^ a b "Inventarissen". archief.amsterdam. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Inventarissen". archief.amsterdam. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Title of Heraldry granted by Christian King of Denmark (Amsterdam City Archives)". archief.amsterdam. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ a b Petram, Lodewijk (15 October 2020). "The world's first IPO". The World’s First Stock Exchange. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ a b Van Dillen (1958). Het Oudste Aandeelhoudersregister Van De Kamer Amsterdam Der Oost-Indische Compagnie. p. 108.
- ^ alimentaire, agence federale pour la securite de la chaine (--). "Arrêté Royal ordres nationaux par arretes royaux du 4 avril 2011 : ordre de leopold sont promus ou nommes commandeur de l'ordre de leopold : m. aubry, jean-claude, conseiller a3 ; m. bataille, andre, conseiller general a3 (8 avril 2(...) m. cornelis, marc, conseiller general a42 (8 avril 2007); m. dubois, philippe, veterinaire-direc(...)". etaamb.openjustice.be (in French).
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ economiques, ministere des affaires (--). "Nomination Par Arrete Royal ordres nationaux - nominations. - promotions par arrete royal du 27 janvier 1998 a ete nomme a cette date : ordre de la couronne chevalier m. colinet, andre, jambes . par arretes royaux du 1er mars 1998 ont ete nommes(...) ordre de leopold officier m. krockaert, raymond, woluwe-saint-pierre. chevalier m. (...)". etaamb.openjustice.be (in French).
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ a b "Ministére de la culture - Base Léonore". www2.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Book «Egmont»". LinguaBooster. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ a b Ruis, Auteur: Edwin (2 February 2014). "De Belg die koning wilde worden". Historiek (in Dutch). Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Belgian Embassy in Croatia – Who's who". 4 December 2014.
- ^ a b Ministère des affaires étrangères, du commerce exterieur et de la cooperation au developpement (8 September 1997). "Arrêté Royal du 08/09/1997 arrete royal portant statut des conseillers du commerce exterieur". etaamb.openjustice.be (in French). Retrieved 1 February 2023.
- ^ a b "'Estland stond bovenaan mijn lijstje'". De Standaard (in Flemish). Retrieved 26 February 2023.
- ^ "Brief en wapenschild Buyck met viidmus van de regeering van Amsterdam". archief.amsterdam. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ "Buyck Name Meaning & Buyck Family History at Ancestry.com®". www.ancestry.com. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ "Burkhart Name Meaning & Burkhart Family History at Ancestry.com®". www.ancestry.com. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
- ^ "Anales du comité de France de Flandre".
- ^ Ivan Vanherpe. "De Kronieken van de Westhoek" (PDF).
- ^ Annales Flandr., lib. XIIII. 1386.
- ^ "eBru | rue Robert Buyck | Anderlecht (1070 Bruxelles)". www.ebru.be.
- ^ "Schueren". www.tonlensvelt.nl. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ STERCK, J. F. M.; WOUTERSZOON, D. (1926). "Aanteekeningen over 16 e eeuwsche Amsterdamsche portretten". Oud Holland. 43: 249–266. doi:10.1163/187501726X00355. ISSN 0030-672X. JSTOR 42718376.
- ^ Bulletin (September - December ed.). Brussels: Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten. 1957. p. 116.
- ^ Tilburg, Rolf van. "Joost Sybrantsz. Buyck (1505–1588) » Stamboom van de families Van Tilburg en Ferwerda » Genealogie Online". Genealogie Online (in German). Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ "possibly after Dirck Barendsz". rkd.nl. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ "Antique Engraving – Half-Length Portrait of Jodocus Buyck, burgomaster of Amsterdam – J. Muller, published 1588–1628, 1 p. von Muller, Jan (1571–1628): Kunst / Grafik / Poster | Antiquariaat Arine van der Steur / ILAB". www.zvab.com. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ "OMNIA -". www.omnia.ie. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- ^ "Buyck, Joost Sybrandsz. (1505–1588) – de betekenis volgens XYZ van Amsterdam". www.ensie.nl. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ^ "Polder de Belmer (Hollande septentrionale, Pays-Bas)". data.bnf.fr.
- ^ Bruyn, J. (1999). "Een portret van Pieter Aertsen en de Amsterdamse portretschilderkunst 1550–1600 met een postscriptum over Huybrecht Beuckelaer (alias Hubbert/Hubbard)". Oud Holland. 113 (3): 107–136. doi:10.1163/187501799X00445. ISSN 0030-672X. JSTOR 42711612.
- ^ "Hendrick Buyck". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "Works of Art in the Montias Database". research.frick.org. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "Syvert Pietersz. Sem en de VOC | Taco Tichelaar". Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ a b Jeffrey, Robertson (2011). "Capitalism and Accounting in the Dutch East-India Company 1602–1623". p. 284.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Terpstra, H. (1938). De Nederlandsche voorcompagnieën, Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch Indië. F.W. Stapel. pp. 275–475.
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