Sironidae

Sironidae Temporal range:
Siro sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Cyphophthalmi
Infraorder:	Boreophthalmi
Family:	Sironidae Simon, 1879
Diversity
8 genera, > 30 species
Synonyms
Sironides

The Sironidae are a family of harvestmen with more than 30 described species.

The family shows a Laurasian distribution, with most species found in temperate Europe and the west coast of North America. The only exception is Suzukielus sauteri from Japan.

Name

Siro is the Latinized form of the French name "Ciron".

Species

• Cyphophthalmus (mostly Balkan)

• Cyphophtalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868 (Austria, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Italy)

• Cyphophtalmus duricorius bithynicus (Gruber, 1973) (Turkey: Bursa)
• Cyphophtalmus duricorius bolei (Hadzi, 1973) (Montenegro)
• Cyphophtalmus duricorius corfuanus (Kratochvíl, 1937) (Greece: Corfu)
• Cyphophtalmus duricorius yalovensis (Gruber, 1973) (Turkey: Yalova)

• Cyphophtalmus eratoae Juberthie, 1968 (Greece)
• Cyphophthalmus ere Karaman, 2007 (Serbia)
• Cyphophthalmus gjorgjevici (Hadzi, 1933) (North Macedonia)
• Cyphophthalmus klisurae (Hadzi, 1973) (cave near Klisura, Serbia)
• Cyphophthalmus markoi Karaman, 2007 (North Macedonia)
• Cyphophthalmus minutus Kratochvíl, 1937 (Croatia, cave)
• Cyphophthalmus montenegrinus Hadzi, 1973 (Montenegro)
• Cyphophthalmus noctiphilus Kratochvíl, 1940 (Croatia: cave Vranjaca)
• Cyphophthalmus nonveilleri Karaman, 2007 (Serbia, cave)
• Cyphophthalmus ohridanus Hadzi, 1973 (North Macedonia, cave)
• Cyphophthalmus serbicus Hadzi, 1973 (karstic region of east and central Serbia)
• Cyphophthalmus silhavyi Kratochvíl, 1937 (Croatia, cave)
• Cyphophthalmus teyrovskyi Kratochvíl, 1937 (Croatia, cave)

• Iberosiro (Portugal, cave)

• Iberosiro distylos de Bivort, 2004

• Odontosiro Juberthie, 1961 (Portugal, Spain)

• Odontosiro lusitanicus Juberthie, 1961

• Paramiopsalis Juberthie, 1962 (Portugal, Spain)

• Paramiopsalis ramulosus Juberthie, 1962

• Parasiro Hansen & Sørensen, 1904

• Parasiro coiffaiti Juberthie, 1956 (Spain, France)
• Parasiro corsicus (Simon, 1872) (Corsica)
• Parasiro minor Juberthie, 1958 (Italy, Corsica)

• Siro Latreille, 1796 (western Europe, North America)

• Siro acaroides (Ewing, 1923) (US west coast: Washington, Oregon, California)
• †Siro balticus Dunlop & Mitov, 2011 (fossil, Baltic amber, unknown locality)
• Siro beschkovi Mitov, 1994 (Bulgaria)
• Siro boyerae Giribet & Shear, 2010 (Washington, Oregon)
• Siro calaveras Giribet & Shear, 2010 (California)
• Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956 (Poland, Slovakia)
• Siro crassus Novak & Giribet, 2006 (Slovenia)
• Siro exilis Hoffman, 1963 (US east coast: Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland)
• Siro kamiakensis (Newell, 1943) (Washington, Idaho)
• †Siro platypedibus Dunlop & Giribet, 2003 (fossil, Bitterfield amber from Bitterfeld, Germany)
• Siro rubens Latreille, 1804 (France)
• Siro shasta Giribet & Shear, 2010 (California)
• Siro sonoma Shear, 1980 (Northern California)
• Siro valleorum Chemini, 1990 (Italy)

• Suzukielus Juberthie, 1970 (Japan)

• Suzukielus sauteri (Roewer, 1916)

• Tranteeva (Bulgaria)

• Tranteeva paradoxa Kratochvíl, 1958

The following genus is no longer included in Sironidae, but also not yet included in any new family:

• Marwe Shear, 1985 (Kenya)

• Marwe coarctata Shear, 1985

References

• Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Sironidae
• Checklist of the Cyphophthalmi species of the World
• Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9

Further reading

• Boyer, Sarah L.; Karaman, Ivo & Giribet, Gonzalo (2005): The genus Cyphophthalmus (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) in Europe: A phylogenetic approach to Balkan Peninsula biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36(3): 554-567. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.004