Lucy Letby: Difference between revisions

Lucy Letby
Lucy Letby
Born	4 January 1990 (age 34); Hereford, England
Alma mater	University of Chester
Known for	Countess of Chester Hospital baby murders
Motive	Inconclusive
Conviction(s)	Murder (7 counts); Attempted murder (7 counts)
Details
Span of crimes	2015–2016
Country	United Kingdom
Killed	7
Injured	6

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Lucy Letby (born 4 January 1990) is a British serial killer and neonatal nurse. From 2015 to 2016, she murdered, or attempted to murder, a total of thirteen infants under her care.

Letby was arrested in July 2018 in connection with a series of unusually frequent infant deaths between June 2015 and June 2016 at the Countess of Chester Hospital in Chester, where she had worked as a neonatal nurse since 2011. After being released on bail, she was rearrested in June 2019 and again in November 2020 in connection with additional infant deaths at the hospital. The day following her final arrest, she was charged with eight counts of murder and ten counts of attempted murder. At the conclusion of her trial, which lasted from October 2022 to August 2023, she was found guilty of murdering seven infants and attempting to murder six others during the twelve-month period. She is scheduled to be sentenced on 21 August.

Early life and education

Letby was born in Hereford, England, on 4 January 1990, and was educated at Aylestone School and Hereford Sixth Form College. She pursued her education in nursing at the University of Chester, where she also worked as a student nurse during her three years of training, carrying out placements at Liverpool Women's Hospital and the Countess of Chester Hospital. An only child, Letby was the first member of her family to study at university and graduated in September 2011. Her father is a retired finance manager, and her mother is an accounts clerk.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Career

Letby began her career as a registered nurse in 2011 at the neonatal unit of the Countess of Chester Hospital. In a 2013 profile she said that she was responsible for "caring for a wide range of babies requiring various levels of support" and that she enjoyed "seeing them progress and supporting their families."^[6] Letby also took part in a campaign to raise funds for a new neonatal unit at the hospital.^[7] She had two training placements at Liverpool Women's Hospital in late 2012 and early 2015, which came under investigation after her conviction, but did not involve any deaths.^[4] In June 2016, consultants asked management to remove Letby from clinical duties pending an investigation into her conduct. Letby was transferred to the patient experience team in July 2016 and later the risk and patient safety office and worked there until her arrest in 2018.^[8]

Baby deaths

Initial investigation

In February 2016, consultants at the neonatal unit at the Countess of Chester hospital undertook a review after five unexplained deaths and concluded the only common factor was Letby's presence on the ward. The Care Quality Commission (CQC) visited the hospital in the same month. The CQC commented that their discussions with the trust's medical director Ian Harvey included the reports by staff of alleged challenges in raising concerns with managers but denied that the high mortality rate had been highlighted to them during the visit. The regulator's report raised "short-staffing" and "skill-mix" issues on the unit but praised the trust's "very positive culture" where "Staff felt well supported, able to raise concerns and develop professionally".^[8]

In July 2016, the unit stopped accepting premature infants born before 32 weeks, partially due to an unexplained high mortality rate in 2015 and 2016, instead diverting them to other hospitals in the North West of England, such as Alder Hey Children's Hospital.^[9] The MBRRACE-UK (Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquires across the UK) report had found a neonatal death rate at least 10% higher than expected in the period from June 2015 to June 2016.^[10]^[11]

A series of investigations was initiated to ascertain the reasons for the sharp rise in mortalities, with an independent review being carried out by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) in September 2016. The trust set a narrow scope for the review that excluded investigating Letby's actions or the deaths but instead focussed on the general service. The RCPCH reported their findings to the trust's medical director Ian Harvey and chief executive Tony Chambers in October 2016.^[12] They could not find a definitive explanation of the increase in mortality rate at the unit but found some insufficient staffing and senior cover. The report recommended a detailed case review of each death. Harvey asked consultant neonatologist Jane Hawdon from Great Ormond Street Hospital to carry out the case reviews. Hawdon told Harvey that she could not conduct a detailed review due to lack of time but could provide a summary and did so after briefly reviewing the notes and sent her report to executives at the trust. Within the report she identified four cases that "potentially benefit from local forensic review as to circumstances, personnel etc."^[8]^[12]^[13]^[14]

In September 2016, Letby raised a formal grievance about her transfer from clinical duties. This was upheld by the board in January 2017 who found that her removal had been "orchestrated by the consultants with no hard evidence". In their report, they supported her return to the neonatal unit and offered her a placement at Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool plus support to develop advanced practice or a master's degree. Medical director Ian Harvey also commented in the report that the trust's intention was to "protect Lucy Letby from these allegations".^[8]^[12]^[15] The trust's chief executive Tony Chambers had met with Letby and her parents on 22 December 2016 to apologise on behalf of the trust and assured them that the doctors who made the allegations would be "dealt with".^[12] He later ordered the consultants to send a letter of apology to Letby, which they did in February 2017.^[15]^[16]

In March 2017, consultants asked management to involve the police after receiving advice from the regional neonatal lead, who suggested further investigation was needed.^[8] They then met with Cheshire Constabulary on 27 April 2017 to raise their concerns; Letby was due to return to work on 3 May 2017.^[16] The trust publicly announced the involvement of the police in May 2017, stating this move was to "seek assurances that enable us to rule out unnatural causes of death."^[8]^[17]

Possible motives

The prosecution suggested several possible motives in the killings, such as boredom, the thrill of the grief and despair, and attention seeking (particularly that of a married doctor). At the trial, they also argued that Letby enjoyed "playing God", telling jurors that "[s]he was controlling things. She was enjoying what was going on. She was predicting things that she knew was going to happen." One of several sticky notes written by Letby and found in her handbag after her arrest stated: "I killed them on purpose because I'm not good enough to care for them", but was not put forward as proof of motive in court.^[18]

Legal proceedings

Arrest and charges

On 3 July 2018, Letby was arrested by police on suspicion of eight counts of murder and six counts of attempted murder, following a year-long investigation into the high infant mortality rates at the Countess of Chester Hospital.^[19] Letby's home at Chester was searched by police following her arrest.^[20] After Letby's arrest, the investigation was subsequently widened to include Liverpool Women's Hospital, another location at which Letby had worked. No evidence that patients at the hospital came to any harm was found during the initial investigation, though police have begun looking into Letby's entire career, including at Liverpool Women's Hospital, since her conviction.^[13]^[21]^[22]

Letby was bailed on 6 July 2018 as the police continued their enquiries.^[23] She was rearrested on 10 June 2019 in connection with eight said murders and nine said attempted murders of babies,^[24] and again on 10 November 2020.^[25]^[26] On 11 November 2020, Letby was charged with eight counts of murder and ten counts of attempted murder.^[26] She was denied bail and remanded in police custody.^[27]

Trial

Letby's trial began at Manchester Crown Court on 10 October 2022, before Mr Justice Goss, and was due to conclude after six months.^[28]^[29] She pleaded not guilty to seven counts of murder and fifteen counts of attempted murder relating to ten babies.^[30] Letby's parents and the families of the victims attended the trial.^[31]^[32]

The children to whom the charges related could not be named in reports and were referred to as Child A to Child Q.^[33] According to Helen Pidd of The Guardian, the press secrecy around the identities of the 17 babies and nine colleagues who gave evidence was "rarely seen outside proceedings involving matters of national security". Mrs Justice Steyn, two years before the criminal trial, banned the identification of the living children until their 18th birthdays. Parents wanted their identifying information including occupation to be protected, though Steyn ruled that one parent's profession as a physician was relevant due to his medical expertise and would not make that parent identifiable to the public. Several colleagues felt that they could not testify without anonymity, including a doctor with whom Letby was reportedly infatuated. The judge ruled that getting testimony from the colleagues was more important than them being publicly identifiable.^[34]

The prosecutor Nick Johnson KC said that Letby was a "constant malevolent presence" in the hospital's neonatal unit^[30] and that Letby had searched for the parents of several babies on Facebook – two of whom were the parents of a victim – as well as sending one family a sympathy card.^[35] It was said by the prosecutor that Letby had injected air into the bloodstream of two of the victims and had used insulin to murder others. A mother of one of the victims said she had walked in on Letby trying to kill her baby, with Letby saying "Trust me, I'm a nurse" when interrupted.^[36] It was also revealed during the trial that Letby had to be told more than once not to enter a room where the parents of one of the babies she is accused of murdering were grieving.^[37]

Letby's defence lawyer, Benjamin Myers KC, alleged that Letby was "a dedicated nurse in a system which has failed," claimed that the prosecution's case was "driven by the assumption that someone was doing deliberate harm combined with the coincidence on certain occasions of Miss Letby's presence," and alleged that there had been a "massive failure of care in a busy hospital neonatal unit – far too great to blame on one person".^[38] It was alleged that "extraordinary bleeding" in a baby boy murdered by Letby could have been caused by a rigid wire or tube and that one of the babies who survived had an "extremely high" dose of insulin.^[39]^[40] The use of insulin at the hospital was denied by Letby's colleagues.^[41]

The court was shown texts sent by Letby to her friends, one of which discussed the baby deaths, which Letby described as "sad and cruel" and "heartbreaking", later adding, "It's not about me or anyone else, it's those poor parents who have to walk away without their baby. It's so unbelievably sad." Letby had also told a colleague that taking Child A to the mortuary was "the hardest thing she ever had to do".^[42]^[43] Ravi Jayaram, a paediatrician at the Countess of Chester Hospital, said during the trial that he and other clinicians had previously raised concerns over Letby, but were told by hospital bosses that they "should not really be saying such things" and "not to make a fuss". Another doctor attending the trial said that Letby, in relation to one of the premature babies, told the doctor, "he's not leaving here alive, is he?" an hour before the child died.^[44]^[45]^[46]

On the fourth day of the trial, the prosecution showed the court a handwritten note from Letby, which said "I am evil, I did this" and that she "killed them on purpose" because she "couldn't take care of them".^[47] The defence argued that the note was "the anguished outpouring of a young woman in fear and despair when she realises the enormity of what's being said about her, in the moment to herself" and said that Letby had written it when she was dealing with employment issues, including a grievance procedure with the NHS trust. Several other notes from Letby were shown in court, two of which respectively said, "Why/how has this happened – what process has led to this current situation? What allegations have been made and by who? Do they have written evidence to support their comments?" and "I haven't done anything wrong and they have no evidence so why have I had to hide away?", both of which were Letby expressing frustration at the fact that she was not being allowed back on the neonatal unit.^[48]

Letby herself gave evidence to the court in May 2023 and claimed she was made to feel as if she was incompetent but "meant no harm".^[49] When asked why she wrote the "I am evil, I did this" note, Letby said "I felt at the time that if I'd done something wrong I must be such an evil, awful person. I'd somehow been incompetent and had done something wrong which had affected those babies."^[50] Letby said that the allegations had negatively impacted her mental health, saying "I don't think you can be accused of anything worse than that. I just changed as a person, my mental health deteriorated, I felt isolated from my friends on the unit. From a self-confidence point of view, it made me question everything about myself." Letby also broke down in tears during her testimony.^[50]

On 10 July 2023, after a trial lasting nine months, the jury were sent to consider verdicts, after trial judge Mr Justice Goss concluded his summing up.^[51] Verdicts were returned by the jury on several days starting on 8 August, but it was not until the final verdicts were returned on 18 August that the details of the verdicts were made public.^[52] Letby was found guilty of seven murders and six attempted murders.^[53] Letby was found not guilty of two attempted murders, and the jury was unable to agree a verdict on the remaining six counts of attempted murder.^[54]

Verdicts

Letby was found guilty of seven counts of murder in relation to the deaths in 2015 and 2016 of seven babies by injecting them with air, overfeeding them, poisoning them with insulin or assaulting them with medical tools. She is the most prolific serial killer of children in modern British history.^[55]^[56]

In addition to the seven murders, Letby was found guilty of seven counts of attempted murder (relating to six babies) during the same time period. The jury was undecided on the attempted murder of four more babies, and she was found not guilty on two counts of attempted murder. Letby denied all 22 charges against her, blaming the deaths on hospital hygiene and staffing levels. She is scheduled to be sentenced at Manchester Crown Court on the morning of 21 August 2023.^[53]^[1]

Consequences

Reactions

The The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health stated that "We must learn from these crimes and how Lucy Letby was able to bring harm to these babies so that no situation like this can ever happen again" and welcomed the independent inquiry.^[57] NHS England's Chief Nursing Officer Dame Ruth May issued a statement saying that "The NHS is fully committed to doing everything we can to prevent anything like this ever happening again, and we welcome the independent inquiry announced by the Department of Health and Social Care to help ensure we learn every possible lesson from this awful case."^[58]

Independent inquiry

Following Letby's conviction, the government ordered an independent inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the murders.^[59] The Department of Health and Social Care said the inquiry would examine "the circumstances surrounding the deaths and incidents, including how concerns raised by clinicians were dealt with".^[60] The inquiry would be non-statutory therefore witnesses could not be compelled to give evidence. The trust's medical director Ian Harvey, chief executive Tony Chambers, and nursing director Alison Kelly, at the time of the murders, have all commented that they would fully cooperate with the inquiry.^[61]^[12] Harvey had retired in August 2018 and Chambers had resigned in September 2018 after signing a non-disclosure agreement with the trust.^[12]

Slater and Gordon, a firm of solicitors representing two of the families whose children were victims of Letby, issued a statement calling for the inquiry to have the power to compel witnesses to attend, since a non-statutory hearing "must rely on the goodwill of those involved to share their testimony". Samantha Dixon, MP for the City of Chester, also called for the inquiry to be a judicial one.^[62]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Lucy Letby found guilty of baby murders". CPS.gov.uk. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023.
^ Hirst, Lauren (18 August 2023). Who is baby serial killer Lucy Letby?. BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ "The quiet cul-de-sac in Hereford where killer nurse Lucy Letby grew up". ITV News. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b Moreau, Charlotte (19 August 2023). "Hereford 'very much home' for serial killer Lucy Letby". Hereford Times. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ Ball, Tom; Mitib, Ali; Wace, Charlotte (18 August 2023). "Who is Lucy Letby? The nurse who became Britain's most prolific child killer". The Times.
^ "Staff Profile – Lucy Letby" (PDF). 28 March 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ "Home searched after baby murder arrest belongs to Chester children's nurse". The Standard. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dunhill, Lawrence (18 August 2023). "Revealed: How trust execs resisted concerns over Letby". Health Service Journal. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ "Information about neonatal services at The Countess | Countess of Chester Hospital". 12 October 2016. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ Gleeson, Bill (25 June 2017). "Death rate at Countess of Chester maternity unit among highest in country". CheshireLive. Archived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
^ "Countess of Chester Hospital: Woman held in baby deaths probe". BBC News. 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lintern, Shaun (19 August 2023). "Revealed: the files that show how Lucy Letby was treated as a victim". The Sunday Times.
^ ^a ^b Parveen, Nazia; Halliday, Josh (4 July 2018). "Cheshire baby deaths: police widen inquiry to second hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ "Lucy Letby: Hospital bosses were misled, former chair claims". BBC News. 19 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b Halliday, Josh (19 August 2023). "Doctors were forced to apologise for raising alarm over Lucy Letby and baby deaths". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b Halliday, Josh (19 August 2023). "'Trust me, I'm a nurse': Why wasn't Lucy Letby stopped as months of murder went by?". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ "Neonatal Update – Thursday 18 May". coch.nhs.uk. Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ Halliday, Josh (18 August 2023). "What were Lucy Letby's possible motives for murdering babies?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ "Nurse Lucy Letby arrested over Chester Hospital baby deaths". BBC News. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
^ Powell, Tom (4 July 2018). "Nurse's home searched by police following baby murder arrests". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "How the police caught Lucy Letby". Sky News. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ Humphries, Jonathan (4 July 2018). "Lucy Letby's training hospital helping police with baby death probe". CheshireLive. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
^ "Update on Countess of Chester Hospital neonatal unit investigation". cheshire.police.uk. Cheshire Constabulary. 6 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
^ Halliday, Josh (10 June 2019). "Police investigating baby deaths at Chester hospital rearrest nurse". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
^ "Chester hospital baby deaths probe: Nurse Lucy Letby rearrested". BBC News. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Nurse Lucy Letby charged with murder after Chester hospital baby deaths". The Guardian. PA Media. 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
^ Goddard, Ben (13 November 2020). "Hereford Nurse Lucy Letby Refused Bail". Hereford Times. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
^ McIntyre, Alex (30 September 2022). "Lucy Letby trial to begin as nurse denies murdering babies at Chester Hospital". CheshireLive. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ Halliday, Josh (12 October 2022). "Doctor interrupted nurse Lucy Letby's attempt to kill newborn baby, court told". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b Halliday, Josh (10 October 2022). "Lucy Letby was 'constant malevolent' presence on neonatal ward, court hears". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby's parents arrive at court". ITN. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022 – via uk.news.yahoo.com.
^ "Latest updates: Hereford nurse Lucy Letby goes on trial accused of baby murders". Hereford Times. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Who are the children alleged to have been murdered by Lucy Letby?". ITV News. 14 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ Pidd, Helen (18 August 2023). "Lucy Letby trial: why the babies remain anonymous". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ "Lucy Letby: Nurse searched for parents on Facebook, jury told". BBC News. 19 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Mother walked in on nurse Lucy Letby trying to kill baby, court told". The Guardian. 11 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby asked to leave baby's grieving family, trial hears". BBC News. 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
^ Lennox, Aaran (13 October 2022). "Lucy Letby a 'dedicated' nurse in 'system which has failed', court hears". North Wales Live. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby trial: Rigid wire or tube could have caused baby's 'extraordinary bleeding', court told". Sky News. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby: 'Extremely high' dose of insulin found in baby allegedly poisoned". ITV News. 24 November 2022. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby colleagues tell murder trial they did not give baby insulin". BBC News. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby trial: nurse described newborns' deaths as 'sad and cruel'". The Guardian. 27 October 2022. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Accused nurse Lucy Letby told colleague that taking first alleged murder victim to mortuary was hardest thing she'd ever had to do, court hears". Sky News. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby trial: Nurse thought 'not again' over baby collapse". BBC News. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby trial hears how doctor raised concerns but was told 'not to make a fuss'". Sky News. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ Ball, Tom; Bunyan, Bunyan. "Lucy Letby trial: Doctor told 'not to make a fuss' over deaths of babies". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Lucy Letby trial – 'I am evil, I did this': Read the 'confession note' written by nurse accused of murdering seven babies". Sky News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
^ "Revealed: The 'I AM EVIL' handwritten note by Lucy Letby found at her Chester home". The Leader. 13 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
^ "Nurse Lucy Letby Sobs on Witness Stand, Claims She Was 'Incompetent' But Meant No Harm". People. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
^ ^a ^b Jolly, Bradley (2 May 2023). "Nurse Lucy Letby explains 'I am evil' note found after she 'murdered 7 babies'". Mirror. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
^ Baynes, Megan (10 July 2023). "Lucy Letby trial: Jury sent out to consider verdicts in case of nurse accused of murdering babies". Sky News. Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ Halliday, Josh (18 August 2023). "Calls to force court appearances as Lucy Letby refuses to attend sentencing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies". BBC News. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ Halliday, Josh (18 August 2023). "Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies at Chester hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ O'Donoghue, Dan; Moritz, Judith; Hirst, Lauren; Lazaro, Rachael (18 August 2023). "Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies on neonatal unit". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ Sawyer, Patrick (18 August 2023). "Lucy Letby joins Myra Hindley on list of UK's worst child serial killers". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ "RCPCH responds to verdict in Lucy Letby trial". RCPCH. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ "NHS England » Commenting on the verdict in the Lucy Letby trial". www.england.nhs.uk. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ "Government orders independent inquiry following Lucy Letby verdict". gov.uk. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ "Lucy Letby: Government orders inquiry into nurse who murdered babies at hospital". ITV News. 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
^ "Lucy Letby: Government orders independent inquiry". BBC News. 18 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
^ "Lucy Letby: Families of victims call for greater powers in inquiry". BBC News. BBC. 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

[CPS-1] "Lucy Letby found guilty of baby murders". CPS.gov.uk. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023.

[2] Hirst, Lauren (18 August 2023). Who is baby serial killer Lucy Letby?. BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[3] "The quiet cul-de-sac in Hereford where killer nurse Lucy Letby grew up". ITV News. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[moreau-4] Moreau, Charlotte (19 August 2023). "Hereford 'very much home' for serial killer Lucy Letby". Hereford Times. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

[5] Ball, Tom; Mitib, Ali; Wace, Charlotte (18 August 2023). "Who is Lucy Letby? The nurse who became Britain's most prolific child killer". The Times.

[6] "Staff Profile – Lucy Letby" (PDF). 28 March 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[:0-7] "Home searched after baby murder arrest belongs to Chester children's nurse". The Standard. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

[HSJ-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Dunhill, Lawrence (18 August 2023). "Revealed: How trust execs resisted concerns over Letby". Health Service Journal. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

[9] "Information about neonatal services at The Countess | Countess of Chester Hospital". 12 October 2016. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

[10] Gleeson, Bill (25 June 2017). "Death rate at Countess of Chester maternity unit among highest in country". CheshireLive. Archived from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

[11] "Countess of Chester Hospital: Woman held in baby deaths probe". BBC News. 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

[Lintern-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Lintern, Shaun (19 August 2023). "Revealed: the files that show how Lucy Letby was treated as a victim". The Sunday Times.

[parveen-13] Parveen, Nazia; Halliday, Josh (4 July 2018). "Cheshire baby deaths: police widen inquiry to second hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.

[14] "Lucy Letby: Hospital bosses were misled, former chair claims". BBC News. 19 August 2023.

[Halliday-15] Halliday, Josh (19 August 2023). "Doctors were forced to apologise for raising alarm over Lucy Letby and baby deaths". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

[Trust-16] Halliday, Josh (19 August 2023). "'Trust me, I'm a nurse': Why wasn't Lucy Letby stopped as months of murder went by?". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

[cochmay17-17] "Neonatal Update – Thursday 18 May". coch.nhs.uk. Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2018.

[18] Halliday, Josh (18 August 2023). "What were Lucy Letby's possible motives for murdering babies?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2023.

[bbc-19] "Nurse Lucy Letby arrested over Chester Hospital baby deaths". BBC News. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.

[20] Powell, Tom (4 July 2018). "Nurse's home searched by police following baby murder arrests". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

[21] "How the police caught Lucy Letby". Sky News. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[22] Humphries, Jonathan (4 July 2018). "Lucy Letby's training hospital helping police with baby death probe". CheshireLive. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2022.

[6julyupdate-23] "Update on Countess of Chester Hospital neonatal unit investigation". cheshire.police.uk. Cheshire Constabulary. 6 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2018.

[24] Halliday, Josh (10 June 2019). "Police investigating baby deaths at Chester hospital rearrest nurse". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.

[bbc2020-25] "Chester hospital baby deaths probe: Nurse Lucy Letby rearrested". BBC News. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.

[Guardian_11Nov2020-26] "Nurse Lucy Letby charged with murder after Chester hospital baby deaths". The Guardian. PA Media. 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.

[27] Goddard, Ben (13 November 2020). "Hereford Nurse Lucy Letby Refused Bail". Hereford Times. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.

[28] McIntyre, Alex (30 September 2022). "Lucy Letby trial to begin as nurse denies murdering babies at Chester Hospital". CheshireLive. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

[29] Halliday, Josh (12 October 2022). "Doctor interrupted nurse Lucy Letby's attempt to kill newborn baby, court told". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.

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[31] "Lucy Letby's parents arrive at court". ITN. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022 – via uk.news.yahoo.com.

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[34] Pidd, Helen (18 August 2023). "Lucy Letby trial: why the babies remain anonymous". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[35] "Lucy Letby: Nurse searched for parents on Facebook, jury told". BBC News. 19 October 2022. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

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[37] "Lucy Letby asked to leave baby's grieving family, trial hears". BBC News. 31 October 2022. Archived from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2022.

[38] Lennox, Aaran (13 October 2022). "Lucy Letby a 'dedicated' nurse in 'system which has failed', court hears". North Wales Live. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

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[40] "Lucy Letby: 'Extremely high' dose of insulin found in baby allegedly poisoned". ITV News. 24 November 2022. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

[41] "Lucy Letby colleagues tell murder trial they did not give baby insulin". BBC News. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.

[42] "Lucy Letby trial: nurse described newborns' deaths as 'sad and cruel'". The Guardian. 27 October 2022. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

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[44] "Lucy Letby trial: Nurse thought 'not again' over baby collapse". BBC News. 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

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[46] Ball, Tom; Bunyan, Bunyan. "Lucy Letby trial: Doctor told 'not to make a fuss' over deaths of babies". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.

[47] "Lucy Letby trial – 'I am evil, I did this': Read the 'confession note' written by nurse accused of murdering seven babies". Sky News. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.

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[49] "Nurse Lucy Letby Sobs on Witness Stand, Claims She Was 'Incompetent' But Meant No Harm". People. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.

[auto-50] Jolly, Bradley (2 May 2023). "Nurse Lucy Letby explains 'I am evil' note found after she 'murdered 7 babies'". Mirror. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.

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[52] Halliday, Josh (18 August 2023). "Calls to force court appearances as Lucy Letby refuses to attend sentencing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[bbc18aug-53] "Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies". BBC News. 18 August 2023. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[54] Halliday, Josh (18 August 2023). "Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies at Chester hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

[55] O'Donoghue, Dan; Moritz, Judith; Hirst, Lauren; Lazaro, Rachael (18 August 2023). "Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies on neonatal unit". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023.

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 ====Trial====
-Letby's trial began at [[Manchester Crown Court (Crown Square)|Manchester Crown Court]] on 10 October 2022, before [[James Goss (judge)|Mr Justice Goss]], and was due to conclude after six months.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McIntyre |first=Alex |date=30 September 2022 |title=Lucy Letby trial to begin as nurse denies murdering babies at Chester Hospital |url=https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/lucy-letby-trial-set-begin-25147312 |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=CheshireLive |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028155256/https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/lucy-letby-trial-set-begin-25147312 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Halliday |first1=Josh |date=12 October 2022 |title=Doctor interrupted nurse Lucy Letby's attempt to kill newborn baby, court told |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/12/lucy-letby-mother-bathed-baby-court |access-date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012225319/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/12/lucy-letby-mother-bathed-baby-court |url-status=live }}</ref> She pleaded not guilty to seven counts of murder, and fifteen counts of attempted murder relating to ten babies.<ref name="Halliday-2022-10-10">{{cite news |last1=Halliday |first1=Josh |date=10 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby was 'constant malevolent' presence on neonatal ward, court hears |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/10/lucy-letby-constant-malevolent-presence-neonatal-ward-court-hears |access-date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012185735/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/10/lucy-letby-constant-malevolent-presence-neonatal-ward-court-hears |url-status=live}}</ref> The families of the victims and Letby's parents attended the trial.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby's parents arrive at court |date=26 October 2022 |agency=ITN |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lucy-letbys-parents-arrive-court-121820117.html |access-date=28 October 2022 |via=uk.news.yahoo.com |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145714/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lucy-letbys-parents-arrive-court-121820117.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Latest updates: Hereford nurse Lucy Letby goes on trial accused of baby murders |url=https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/23017427.lucy-letby-hereford-nurse-goes-trial-accused-baby-murders/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Hereford Times |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145714/https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/23017427.lucy-letby-hereford-nurse-goes-trial-accused-baby-murders/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Letby's trial began at [[Manchester Crown Court (Crown Square)|Manchester Crown Court]] on 10 October 2022, before [[James Goss (judge)|Mr Justice Goss]], and was due to conclude after six months.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McIntyre |first=Alex |date=30 September 2022 |title=Lucy Letby trial to begin as nurse denies murdering babies at Chester Hospital |url=https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/lucy-letby-trial-set-begin-25147312 |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=CheshireLive |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028155256/https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/lucy-letby-trial-set-begin-25147312 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Halliday |first1=Josh |date=12 October 2022 |title=Doctor interrupted nurse Lucy Letby's attempt to kill newborn baby, court told |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/12/lucy-letby-mother-bathed-baby-court |access-date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012225319/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/12/lucy-letby-mother-bathed-baby-court |url-status=live }}</ref> She pleaded not guilty to seven counts of murder and fifteen counts of attempted murder relating to ten babies.<ref name="Halliday-2022-10-10">{{cite news |last1=Halliday |first1=Josh |date=10 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby was 'constant malevolent' presence on neonatal ward, court hears |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/10/lucy-letby-constant-malevolent-presence-neonatal-ward-court-hears |access-date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012185735/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/10/lucy-letby-constant-malevolent-presence-neonatal-ward-court-hears |url-status=live}}</ref> Letby's parents and the families of the victims attended the trial.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby's parents arrive at court |date=26 October 2022 |agency=ITN |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lucy-letbys-parents-arrive-court-121820117.html |access-date=28 October 2022 |via=uk.news.yahoo.com |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145714/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/lucy-letbys-parents-arrive-court-121820117.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Latest updates: Hereford nurse Lucy Letby goes on trial accused of baby murders |url=https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/23017427.lucy-letby-hereford-nurse-goes-trial-accused-baby-murders/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Hereford Times |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145714/https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/23017427.lucy-letby-hereford-nurse-goes-trial-accused-baby-murders/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The children to whom the charges related could not be named in reports and were referred to as Child A to Child Q.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 October 2022 |title=Who are the children alleged to have been murdered by Lucy Letby? |url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-10-14/who-are-the-children-alleged-to-have-been-murdered-by-lucy-letby |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=ITV News |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028125900/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-10-14/who-are-the-children-alleged-to-have-been-murdered-by-lucy-letby |url-status=live}}</ref> According to Helen Pidd of ''[[The Guardian]]'', the press secrecy around the identities of the 17 babies and nine colleagues who gave evidence was "rarely seen outside proceedings involving matters of national security". [[Karen Steyn|Mrs Justice Steyn]], two years before the criminal trial, banned the identification of the living children until their 18th birthdays. Parents wanted their identifying information including occupation to be protected, though Steyn ruled that one parent's profession as a physician was relevant due to his medical expertise, and would not make that parent identifiable to the public. Several colleagues felt that they could not testify without anonymity, including a doctor with whom Letby was reportedly infatuated. The judge ruled that getting testimony from the colleagues was more important than them being publicly identifiable.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pidd |first1=Helen |title=Lucy Letby trial: why the babies remain anonymous |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-trial-why-babies-remain-anonymous |access-date=18 August 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153702/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-trial-why-babies-remain-anonymous |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The children to whom the charges related could not be named in reports and were referred to as Child A to Child Q.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 October 2022 |title=Who are the children alleged to have been murdered by Lucy Letby? |url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-10-14/who-are-the-children-alleged-to-have-been-murdered-by-lucy-letby |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=ITV News |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028125900/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-10-14/who-are-the-children-alleged-to-have-been-murdered-by-lucy-letby |url-status=live}}</ref> According to Helen Pidd of ''[[The Guardian]]'', the press secrecy around the identities of the 17 babies and nine colleagues who gave evidence was "rarely seen outside proceedings involving matters of national security". [[Karen Steyn|Mrs Justice Steyn]], two years before the criminal trial, banned the identification of the living children until their 18th birthdays. Parents wanted their identifying information including occupation to be protected, though Steyn ruled that one parent's profession as a physician was relevant due to his medical expertise and would not make that parent identifiable to the public. Several colleagues felt that they could not testify without anonymity, including a doctor with whom Letby was reportedly infatuated. The judge ruled that getting testimony from the colleagues was more important than them being publicly identifiable.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pidd |first1=Helen |title=Lucy Letby trial: why the babies remain anonymous |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-trial-why-babies-remain-anonymous |access-date=18 August 2023 |work=The Guardian |date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153702/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-trial-why-babies-remain-anonymous |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The prosecutor Nick Johnson KC said that Letby was a "constant malevolent presence" in the hospital's neonatal unit,<ref name="Halliday-2022-10-10" /> and that Letby had searched for the parents of several babies on Facebook – two of whom were the parents of a victim – as well as sending one family a sympathy card.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby: Nurse searched for parents on Facebook, jury told |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63315104 |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145713/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63315104 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was said by the prosecutor that Letby had injected air into the bloodstream of two of the victims and had used insulin to murder others. A mother of one of the victims said she had walked in on Letby trying to kill her baby, with Letby saying "Trust me, I'm a nurse" when interrupted.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2022 |title=Mother walked in on nurse Lucy Letby trying to kill baby, court told |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/11/lucy-letby-mother-walked-in-nurse-trying-kill-baby-court-told |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145704/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/11/lucy-letby-mother-walked-in-nurse-trying-kill-baby-court-told |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also revealed during the trial that Letby had to be told more than once not to enter a room where the parents of one of the babies she is accused of murdering were grieving.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby asked to leave baby's grieving family, trial hears |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63433599 |access-date=31 October 2022 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031170925/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63433599 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The prosecutor Nick Johnson KC said that Letby was a "constant malevolent presence" in the hospital's neonatal unit<ref name="Halliday-2022-10-10" /> and that Letby had searched for the parents of several babies on Facebook – two of whom were the parents of a victim – as well as sending one family a sympathy card.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby: Nurse searched for parents on Facebook, jury told |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63315104 |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145713/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63315104 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was said by the prosecutor that Letby had injected air into the bloodstream of two of the victims and had used insulin to murder others. A mother of one of the victims said she had walked in on Letby trying to kill her baby, with Letby saying "Trust me, I'm a nurse" when interrupted.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 October 2022 |title=Mother walked in on nurse Lucy Letby trying to kill baby, court told |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/11/lucy-letby-mother-walked-in-nurse-trying-kill-baby-court-told |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145704/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/11/lucy-letby-mother-walked-in-nurse-trying-kill-baby-court-told |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also revealed during the trial that Letby had to be told more than once not to enter a room where the parents of one of the babies she is accused of murdering were grieving.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby asked to leave baby's grieving family, trial hears |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63433599 |access-date=31 October 2022 |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031170925/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63433599 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Letby's defence lawyer, Benjamin Myers KC, alleged Letby was "a dedicated nurse in a system which has failed," claimed that the prosecution's case was, "driven by the assumption that someone was doing deliberate harm combined with the coincidence on certain occasions of Miss Letby's presence," and alleged that there had been a "massive failure of care in a busy hospital neonatal unit – far too great to blame on one person".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lennox |first=Aaran |date=13 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby a 'dedicated' nurse in 'system which has failed', court hears |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/lucy-letby-dedicated-nurse-system-25257464 |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=North Wales Live |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027201018/https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/lucy-letby-dedicated-nurse-system-25257464 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was alleged that "extraordinary bleeding" in a baby boy murdered by Letby could have been caused by a rigid wire or tube, and that one of the babies who survived had an "extremely high" dose of insulin.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby trial: Rigid wire or tube could have caused baby's 'extraordinary bleeding', court told |url=https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-rigid-wire-or-tube-could-have-caused-babys-extraordinary-bleeding-court-told-12750428 |access-date=19 November 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=19 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119021335/https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-rigid-wire-or-tube-could-have-caused-babys-extraordinary-bleeding-court-told-12750428 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 November 2022 |title=Lucy Letby: 'Extremely high' dose of insulin found in baby allegedly poisoned |url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-11-24/lucy-letby-extremely-high-dose-of-insulin-found-in-baby-allegedly-poisoned |access-date=24 November 2022 |work=ITV News |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161223/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-11-24/lucy-letby-extremely-high-dose-of-insulin-found-in-baby-allegedly-poisoned |url-status=live }}</ref> The use of insulin at the hospital was denied by Letby's colleagues.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2022 |title=Lucy Letby colleagues tell murder trial they did not give baby insulin |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63735668 |access-date=24 November 2022 |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123223930/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63735668 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Letby's defence lawyer, Benjamin Myers KC, alleged that Letby was "a dedicated nurse in a system which has failed," claimed that the prosecution's case was "driven by the assumption that someone was doing deliberate harm combined with the coincidence on certain occasions of Miss Letby's presence," and alleged that there had been a "massive failure of care in a busy hospital neonatal unit – far too great to blame on one person".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lennox |first=Aaran |date=13 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby a 'dedicated' nurse in 'system which has failed', court hears |url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/lucy-letby-dedicated-nurse-system-25257464 |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=North Wales Live |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027201018/https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/lucy-letby-dedicated-nurse-system-25257464 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was alleged that "extraordinary bleeding" in a baby boy murdered by Letby could have been caused by a rigid wire or tube and that one of the babies who survived had an "extremely high" dose of insulin.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby trial: Rigid wire or tube could have caused baby's 'extraordinary bleeding', court told |url=https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-rigid-wire-or-tube-could-have-caused-babys-extraordinary-bleeding-court-told-12750428 |access-date=19 November 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=19 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119021335/https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-rigid-wire-or-tube-could-have-caused-babys-extraordinary-bleeding-court-told-12750428 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 November 2022 |title=Lucy Letby: 'Extremely high' dose of insulin found in baby allegedly poisoned |url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-11-24/lucy-letby-extremely-high-dose-of-insulin-found-in-baby-allegedly-poisoned |access-date=24 November 2022 |work=ITV News |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124161223/https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2022-11-24/lucy-letby-extremely-high-dose-of-insulin-found-in-baby-allegedly-poisoned |url-status=live }}</ref> The use of insulin at the hospital was denied by Letby's colleagues.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 November 2022 |title=Lucy Letby colleagues tell murder trial they did not give baby insulin |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63735668 |access-date=24 November 2022 |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123223930/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63735668 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The court was shown texts sent by Letby to her friends, one of which discussed the baby deaths, which Letby described as "sad and cruel" and "heartbreaking", later adding "It's not about me or anyone else, it's those poor parents who have to walk away without their baby. It's so unbelievably sad." Letby had also told a colleague that taking Child A to the mortuary was "the hardest thing she ever had to do".<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby trial: nurse described newborns' deaths as 'sad and cruel' |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/27/lucy-letby-trial-nurse-described-newborns-deaths-as-sad-and-cruel |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027232242/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/27/lucy-letby-trial-nurse-described-newborns-deaths-as-sad-and-cruel |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Accused nurse Lucy Letby told colleague that taking first alleged murder victim to mortuary was hardest thing she'd ever had to do, court hears |url=https://news.sky.com/story/accused-nurse-lucy-letby-told-colleague-that-taking-first-alleged-murder-victim-to-mortuary-was-hardest-thing-shed-ever-had-to-do-court-hears-12723849 |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145703/https://news.sky.com/story/accused-nurse-lucy-letby-told-colleague-that-taking-first-alleged-murder-victim-to-mortuary-was-hardest-thing-shed-ever-had-to-do-court-hears-12723849 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ravi Jayaram, a paediatrician at the Countess of Chester Hospital, said during the trial that he and other clinicians had previously raised concerns over Letby, but were told by hospital bosses that they "should not really be saying such things" and "not to make a fuss". Another doctor attending the trial said that Letby, in relation to one of the premature babies, told the doctor "he's not leaving here alive, is he?" an hour before the child died.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby trial: Nurse thought 'not again' over baby collapse |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63378514 |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027163619/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63378514 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby trial hears how doctor raised concerns but was told 'not to make a fuss' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-hears-how-doctor-raised-concerns-but-was-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-12729381 |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145706/https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-hears-how-doctor-raised-concerns-but-was-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-12729381 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ball |first1=Tom |last2=Bunyan |first2=Bunyan |title=Lucy Letby trial: Doctor told 'not to make a fuss' over deaths of babies |work=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lucy-letby-trial-doctor-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-over-deaths-of-babies-76x9t6wpr |access-date=28 October 2022 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028124625/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lucy-letby-trial-doctor-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-over-deaths-of-babies-76x9t6wpr |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The court was shown texts sent by Letby to her friends, one of which discussed the baby deaths, which Letby described as "sad and cruel" and "heartbreaking", later adding, "It's not about me or anyone else, it's those poor parents who have to walk away without their baby. It's so unbelievably sad." Letby had also told a colleague that taking Child A to the mortuary was "the hardest thing she ever had to do".<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby trial: nurse described newborns' deaths as 'sad and cruel' |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/27/lucy-letby-trial-nurse-described-newborns-deaths-as-sad-and-cruel |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027232242/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/oct/27/lucy-letby-trial-nurse-described-newborns-deaths-as-sad-and-cruel |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Accused nurse Lucy Letby told colleague that taking first alleged murder victim to mortuary was hardest thing she'd ever had to do, court hears |url=https://news.sky.com/story/accused-nurse-lucy-letby-told-colleague-that-taking-first-alleged-murder-victim-to-mortuary-was-hardest-thing-shed-ever-had-to-do-court-hears-12723849 |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145703/https://news.sky.com/story/accused-nurse-lucy-letby-told-colleague-that-taking-first-alleged-murder-victim-to-mortuary-was-hardest-thing-shed-ever-had-to-do-court-hears-12723849 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ravi Jayaram, a paediatrician at the Countess of Chester Hospital, said during the trial that he and other clinicians had previously raised concerns over Letby, but were told by hospital bosses that they "should not really be saying such things" and "not to make a fuss". Another doctor attending the trial said that Letby, in relation to one of the premature babies, told the doctor, "he's not leaving here alive, is he?" an hour before the child died.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 October 2022 |title=Lucy Letby trial: Nurse thought 'not again' over baby collapse |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63378514 |access-date=28 October 2022 |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027163619/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-63378514 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby trial hears how doctor raised concerns but was told 'not to make a fuss' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-hears-how-doctor-raised-concerns-but-was-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-12729381 |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028145706/https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-hears-how-doctor-raised-concerns-but-was-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-12729381 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ball |first1=Tom |last2=Bunyan |first2=Bunyan |title=Lucy Letby trial: Doctor told 'not to make a fuss' over deaths of babies |work=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lucy-letby-trial-doctor-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-over-deaths-of-babies-76x9t6wpr |access-date=28 October 2022 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028124625/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/lucy-letby-trial-doctor-told-not-to-make-a-fuss-over-deaths-of-babies-76x9t6wpr |url-status=live }}</ref>
-On the fourth day of the trial, the prosecution showed the court a handwritten note from Letby, which said "I am evil, I did this" and that she "killed them on purpose" because she "couldn't take care of them".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby trial – 'I am evil, I did this': Read the 'confession note' written by nurse accused of murdering seven babies |url=https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-i-am-evil-i-did-this-read-the-confession-note-written-by-nurse-accused-of-murdering-seven-babies-12718882 |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027201008/https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-i-am-evil-i-did-this-read-the-confession-note-written-by-nurse-accused-of-murdering-seven-babies-12718882 |url-status=live }}</ref> The defence argued that the note was "the anguished outpouring of a young woman in fear and despair when she realises the enormity of what's being said about her, in the moment to herself", and said that Letby had written it when she was dealing with employment issues, including a grievance procedure with the NHS trust. Several other notes from Letby were shown in court, two of which respectively said "Why/how has this happened – what process has led to this current situation? What allegations have been made and by who? Do they have written evidence to support their comments?" and "I haven't done anything wrong and they have no evidence so why have I had to hide away?", both of which were Letby expressing frustration at the fact that she was not being allowed back on the neonatal unit.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Revealed: The 'I AM EVIL' handwritten note by Lucy Letby found at her Chester home |url=https://www.leaderlive.co.uk/news/23046837.revealed-i-evil-handwritten-note-lucy-letby-found-chester-home/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=The Leader |date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028195619/https://www.leaderlive.co.uk/news/23046837.revealed-i-evil-handwritten-note-lucy-letby-found-chester-home/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+On the fourth day of the trial, the prosecution showed the court a handwritten note from Letby, which said "I am evil, I did this" and that she "killed them on purpose" because she "couldn't take care of them".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lucy Letby trial – 'I am evil, I did this': Read the 'confession note' written by nurse accused of murdering seven babies |url=https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-i-am-evil-i-did-this-read-the-confession-note-written-by-nurse-accused-of-murdering-seven-babies-12718882 |access-date=27 October 2022 |work=Sky News |archive-date=27 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027201008/https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-trial-i-am-evil-i-did-this-read-the-confession-note-written-by-nurse-accused-of-murdering-seven-babies-12718882 |url-status=live }}</ref> The defence argued that the note was "the anguished outpouring of a young woman in fear and despair when she realises the enormity of what's being said about her, in the moment to herself" and said that Letby had written it when she was dealing with employment issues, including a grievance procedure with the NHS trust. Several other notes from Letby were shown in court, two of which respectively said, "Why/how has this happened – what process has led to this current situation? What allegations have been made and by who? Do they have written evidence to support their comments?" and "I haven't done anything wrong and they have no evidence so why have I had to hide away?", both of which were Letby expressing frustration at the fact that she was not being allowed back on the neonatal unit.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Revealed: The 'I AM EVIL' handwritten note by Lucy Letby found at her Chester home |url=https://www.leaderlive.co.uk/news/23046837.revealed-i-evil-handwritten-note-lucy-letby-found-chester-home/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=The Leader |date=13 October 2022 |archive-date=28 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028195619/https://www.leaderlive.co.uk/news/23046837.revealed-i-evil-handwritten-note-lucy-letby-found-chester-home/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Letby herself gave evidence to the court in May 2023, and claimed she was made to feel as if she was incompetent but "meant no harm".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nurse Lucy Letby Sobs on Witness Stand, Claims She Was 'Incompetent' But Meant No Harm |url=https://people.com/crime/lucy-letby-nurse-sobs-witness-stand-claims-incompetent-meant-no-harm/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=People |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503024119/https://people.com/crime/lucy-letby-nurse-sobs-witness-stand-claims-incompetent-meant-no-harm/ |url-status=live }}</ref> When asked why she wrote the "I am evil, I did this" note, Letby said "I felt at the time that if I'd done something wrong I must be such an evil, awful person. I'd somehow been incompetent and had done something wrong which had affected those babies."<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Jolly |first=Bradley |date=2 May 2023 |title=Nurse Lucy Letby explains 'I am evil' note found after she 'murdered 7 babies' |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/nurse-lucy-letby-explains-i-29867123 |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=Mirror |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503024109/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/nurse-lucy-letby-explains-i-29867123 |url-status=live }}</ref> Letby said that the allegations had negatively impacted her mental health, saying "I don't think you can be accused of anything worse than that. I just changed as a person, my mental health deteriorated, I felt isolated from my friends on the unit. From a self-confidence point of view, it made me question everything about myself." Letby also broke down in tears during her testimony.<ref name="auto"/>
+Letby herself gave evidence to the court in May 2023 and claimed she was made to feel as if she was incompetent but "meant no harm".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nurse Lucy Letby Sobs on Witness Stand, Claims She Was 'Incompetent' But Meant No Harm |url=https://people.com/crime/lucy-letby-nurse-sobs-witness-stand-claims-incompetent-meant-no-harm/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=People |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503024119/https://people.com/crime/lucy-letby-nurse-sobs-witness-stand-claims-incompetent-meant-no-harm/ |url-status=live }}</ref> When asked why she wrote the "I am evil, I did this" note, Letby said "I felt at the time that if I'd done something wrong I must be such an evil, awful person. I'd somehow been incompetent and had done something wrong which had affected those babies."<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Jolly |first=Bradley |date=2 May 2023 |title=Nurse Lucy Letby explains 'I am evil' note found after she 'murdered 7 babies' |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/nurse-lucy-letby-explains-i-29867123 |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=Mirror |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503024109/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/nurse-lucy-letby-explains-i-29867123 |url-status=live }}</ref> Letby said that the allegations had negatively impacted her mental health, saying "I don't think you can be accused of anything worse than that. I just changed as a person, my mental health deteriorated, I felt isolated from my friends on the unit. From a self-confidence point of view, it made me question everything about myself." Letby also broke down in tears during her testimony.<ref name="auto"/>
-On 10 July 2023, after a trial lasting nine months, the jury were sent to consider verdicts, after trial judge Mr Justice Goss concluded his summing up.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baynes |first=Megan |date=10 July 2023 |title=Lucy Letby trial: Jury sent out to consider verdicts in case of nurse accused of murdering babies |url=https://news.sky.com/story/amp/lucy-letby-trial-jury-sent-out-to-consider-verdicts-in-case-of-nurse-accused-of-murdering-babies-12918465 |work=Sky News |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717235149/https://news.sky.com/story/amp/lucy-letby-trial-jury-sent-out-to-consider-verdicts-in-case-of-nurse-accused-of-murdering-babies-12918465 |url-status=live }}</ref> Verdicts were returned by the jury on several days starting on 8 August, but it was not until the final verdicts were returned on 18 August that the details of the verdicts were made public.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=18 August 2023 |title=Calls to force court appearances as Lucy Letby refuses to attend sentencing |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/calls-to-force-court-appearances-as-lucy-letby-refuses-to-attend-sentencing |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153637/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/calls-to-force-court-appearances-as-lucy-letby-refuses-to-attend-sentencing |url-status=live }}</ref> Letby was found guilty of seven murders and six attempted murders.<ref name="bbc18aug">{{cite news|date=18 August 2023 |title=Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-66180606 |work=BBC News |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818133704/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-66180606 |url-status=live }}</ref> Letby was found not guilty of two attempted murders and the jury was unable to agree a verdict on the remaining six counts of attempted murder.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=18 August 2023 |title=Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies at Chester hospital |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-found-guilty-of-murdering-seven-babies-at-chester-hospital |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818122626/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-found-guilty-of-murdering-seven-babies-at-chester-hospital |url-status=live}}</ref>
+On 10 July 2023, after a trial lasting nine months, the jury were sent to consider verdicts, after trial judge Mr Justice Goss concluded his summing up.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baynes |first=Megan |date=10 July 2023 |title=Lucy Letby trial: Jury sent out to consider verdicts in case of nurse accused of murdering babies |url=https://news.sky.com/story/amp/lucy-letby-trial-jury-sent-out-to-consider-verdicts-in-case-of-nurse-accused-of-murdering-babies-12918465 |work=Sky News |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717235149/https://news.sky.com/story/amp/lucy-letby-trial-jury-sent-out-to-consider-verdicts-in-case-of-nurse-accused-of-murdering-babies-12918465 |url-status=live }}</ref> Verdicts were returned by the jury on several days starting on 8 August, but it was not until the final verdicts were returned on 18 August that the details of the verdicts were made public.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=18 August 2023 |title=Calls to force court appearances as Lucy Letby refuses to attend sentencing |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/calls-to-force-court-appearances-as-lucy-letby-refuses-to-attend-sentencing |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818153637/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/calls-to-force-court-appearances-as-lucy-letby-refuses-to-attend-sentencing |url-status=live }}</ref> Letby was found guilty of seven murders and six attempted murders.<ref name="bbc18aug">{{cite news|date=18 August 2023 |title=Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-66180606 |work=BBC News |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818133704/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-66180606 |url-status=live }}</ref> Letby was found not guilty of two attempted murders, and the jury was unable to agree a verdict on the remaining six counts of attempted murder.<ref>{{cite news |last=Halliday |first=Josh |date=18 August 2023 |title=Nurse Lucy Letby guilty of murdering seven babies at Chester hospital |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-found-guilty-of-murdering-seven-babies-at-chester-hospital |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818122626/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/aug/18/lucy-letby-found-guilty-of-murdering-seven-babies-at-chester-hospital |url-status=live}}</ref>
 ====Verdicts====