Jump to content

Peter Larson: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
more from wall street journal
why italicize
Line 23: Line 23:
}}
}}
}}
}}
'''Peter Lars Larson''' is an American dinosaur dealer who was criminally convicted for theft of fossils from [[Federal lands|Federal government land]] and illegal business practices relating to international fossil trading. He led the team that excavated "[[Sue (dinosaur)|Sue]]", one of the largest and most complete specimens of ''[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]'', which was owned by the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]]. ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' reported that Larson had "conspired to steal fossils from vast government-owned areas of South Dakota" and evidence was recovered from [[Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc.|The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research]], of which Larson is president, that fossils had been taken from public lands.<ref name=sciencemag/>
'''Peter Lars Larson''' is an American dinosaur dealer who was criminally convicted for theft of fossils from [[Federal lands|Federal government land]] and illegal business practices relating to international fossil trading. He led the team that excavated "[[Sue (dinosaur)|Sue]]", one of the largest and most complete specimens of [[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]], which was owned by the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]]. ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' reported that Larson had "conspired to steal fossils from vast government-owned areas of South Dakota" and evidence was recovered from [[Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc.|The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research]], of which Larson is president, that fossils had been taken from public lands.<ref name=sciencemag/>


He has published scientific and popular works on dinosaur paleontology. Larson has been criticized by paleontologists for his commercial enterprises and support of private collections.<ref name=Mullen2003/>
He has published scientific and popular works on dinosaur paleontology. Larson has been criticized by paleontologists for his commercial enterprises and support of private collections.<ref name=Mullen2003/>

Revision as of 23:21, 6 September 2023

For other people named Peter Larson, see Peter Larson (disambiguation).
Peter Larson
File:Personal head shot.gif
Born
Peter Lars Larson

1952 (age 71–72)
EducationBachelor's in geology, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Children3
Criminal information
Criminal statusConvicted
Conviction(s)2 felony counts for United States customs violations involving international fossil dealing and illegal theft of fossils from Federal government land
Criminal charge36 charges including conspiracy, obstruction of justice, wire fraud, making false statements to government agents, customs violations, illegal theft of fossils from Federal government land, illegal retention of stolen United States' property
Penalty2 years in prison
Imprisoned atADX Florence

Peter Lars Larson is an American dinosaur dealer who was criminally convicted for theft of fossils from Federal government land and illegal business practices relating to international fossil trading. He led the team that excavated "Sue", one of the largest and most complete specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex, which was owned by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Science reported that Larson had "conspired to steal fossils from vast government-owned areas of South Dakota" and evidence was recovered from The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, of which Larson is president, that fossils had been taken from public lands.[1]

He has published scientific and popular works on dinosaur paleontology. Larson has been criticized by paleontologists for his commercial enterprises and support of private collections.[2]

Education

Peter Larson grew up on a ranch near Mission, South Dakota. He began rock hunting at the age of four on his parents' ranch. He attended the South Dakota School of Mines to study paleontology. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1974. Shortly after graduating college he started Black Hills Minerals.

Early work

Larson founded what eventually became the Black Hills Institute in 1974.[3] Robert Farrar and Neal Larson, his brother, later joined the company with 5 percent ownership and 35 percent, respectively, to Larson's 60 percent.[4]

Sue on display at the Chicago Field Museum

In 1990, Larson led the excavation of the Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton later named "Sue" on Federal land without permission.[4]

In 1992, Larson's team helped to discover second largest Tyrannosaurus rex Stan.

Federal raid and criminal conviction

On 14 May 1992, a raid led by the U.S. Attorney Kevin Shieffer with 35 F.B.I. agents and 20 National Guardsmen recovered the Tyrannosaurus rex named "Sue" from Larson's commercial fossil dealership, the Black Hills Institute of Geological Research. The federal agents seized the fossil of "Sue", along with other fossils and records. The specimen was returned to its owners, the Bureau of Indian Affairs.[5] Keith Nelson, the lead investigator for the Internal Revenue Service, said the evidence recovered at the Black Hills Institute was more than could have been investigated with "so many bones, so many animals, so many invertebrates that were taken off of public lands, taken internationally, sold internationally."[6]

The Justice Department charged Larson with conspiracy, obstruction of justice, illegal collection of fossils, theft of government property, wire fraud, making false statements to government agents and customs violations in November 1993.[1] Larson and associates claimed they were excavating "Sue" on private land, and had paid the owner $5,000 for the fossil, before its complete excavation and before its scientific attributes were known.[5] However, the U.S. Attorney charged that the fossil had been illegally taken from land under Federal administration, because the deeded land fell within the borders of a Native American reservation and the parcel itself was held by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the benefit of its Native landowner. After the sale to the Field Museum, the landowner, a Sioux named Maurice Williams, received $7.6 million.[7]

Following a trial on charges unrelated to "Sue", Larson was found guilty and convicted of two felony counts for United States customs violations involving international fossil dealing and illegal theft of fossils from Federal Government land, along with two other misdemeanors in 1996.[8] Richard Battey sentenced Larson to two years in Federal prison. Larson appealed to the Eighth Circuit Court against his conviction and was denied.[9]

In 1997, Larson told the PBS television program Nova that "The government's wrong. The government is not correct in what they've done here."[10]

Later career

In 2013, Larson and colleagues began excavating at a site located in Wyoming, US containing the remnants of three nearly complete skeletons of Triceratops.[11]

Larson and his brother began dividing The Black Hills Institute assets in 2018 after a circuit judge ruling from an ownership dispute that stemmed from allegations Larson had oppressed his brother as a shareholder in the company.[4]

Authorship

Larson has written and co-authored numerous publications on dinosaurs.[12][2][13] He was one of the first to work with T. rex bone pathologies, has worked to uncover sexual dimorphism in the chevron length of T. rex, and argues that several juvenile T. rex skeletons actually represent a distinct genus, Nanotyrannus.[14] Larson, along with paleontologist Kenneth Carpenter, edited the scholarly text Tyrannosaurus Rex, the Tyrant King.

Larson and his ex-wife Kristin Donnan wrote the book, Rex Appeal, about the U.S. Government taking possession of "Sue" following its excavation. The pair also wrote Bones Rock!, a children's book about the history of paleontology and requirements on how to become a paleontologist.[2]

Journal articles

  • Larson, P and Frey, E. "Sexual Dimorphism in the Abundant Upper Cretaceous Theropod, T. rex." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12, Abstract 96, 3 September 1992.
  • DePalma, R. A.; Burnham, D. A.; Martin, L. D.; Rothschild, B. M.; Larson, P. L. (2013). "Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (31): 12560–12564. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11012560D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1216534110. PMC 3732924. PMID 23858435.

Books

  • Larson, P. and Donnan, K. "Rex Appeal". Montpelier, VT: Invisible Cities Press, 2002.
  • Larson, P. and Carpenter, K. "Tyrannosaurus Rex, the Tyrant King (Life of the Past)". Indiana University Press, 2008.
  • Larson, Peter; Donnan, Kristin (2004). Bones rock! Everything you need to know to become a paleontologist. Montpelier, Vt.: Invisible Cities Press. ISBN 193122935X.

Legacy

Larson has developed a controversial standing in his field as the majority of academic paleontologists object to any organization's commercial selling of fossils.[2][3] On the other hand, Larson has published scientific papers about dinosaurs and has contributed to community outreach programs, such as teaching inmates about paleontology while serving his two-year prison sentence in Federal prison.[15]

The benefits and drawbacks of selling fossils has been a topic for more than 100 years between academic and professional paleontologists throughout the 20th century. Collaborative work created the primary collections that introduced the public to dinosaurs, but also introduced the idea of fiscal value to resources that some argue fall into the public domain. Academics who reject the practice claim that the high prices that fossils like "Sue" bring in the marketplace prevent public institutions from competing, as private landowners see their fossils as "crops" and are less likely to donate them.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b Regalado, Anthony (24 March 1995). "Fossil dealers innocent--And guilty". Vol. 267, no. 5205. Science.
  2. ^ a b c d Mullen, William (January 21, 2003). "Bones of contention: Academics and commercial fossil hunters may never settle their differences". Chicago Tribune.
  3. ^ a b Rooney, Brian (Nov 13, 2007). "Racing Against Time and Weather for Dinosaur Bones". ABC News. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Crow, Kelly (21 October 2020). "The Family Feud Behind a $32 Million T. Rex Named Stan". The Wall Street Journal.
  5. ^ a b Browne, Malcolm (February 22, 1996). "Fossil Dealer, Target of Federal Prosecutors, Begins Jail Term". New York Times. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  6. ^ Escobedo, Tricia (22 December 2014). "When the feds seized a T-Rex". CNN.
  7. ^ Fiffer, Steve (2000). Tyrannosaurus Sue. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. ISBN 0-7167-4017-6. Chapter 12 "Everything Changed that Day".
  8. ^ Kjærgaard, Peter C. (June 2012). "The Fossil Trade: Paying a Price for Human Origins". Isis. 103 (2): 340–355. doi:10.1086/666365. JSTOR 10.1086/666365. PMID 22908426. S2CID 145769119.
  9. ^ Harrod, Horatia (August 9, 2014). "The curse of the $8 million dinosaur: In 1990, a group of small-time fossil hunters discovered the world's most valuable T rex. They also uncovered a legal nightmare". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2019. Although Larson is only now studying for his PhD in palaeontology – under the supervision of Dr Phil Manning – he has always attempted to collect all the relevant scientific information during his digs.
  10. ^ "Curse of the T.Rex". Public Broadcasting Service. 25 February 1997.
  11. ^ Smith, Matt (June 4, 2013). "Triceratops trio unearthed in Wyoming". CNN. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  12. ^ Alden, John (August 11, 2002). "'Rex Appeal' - one historic fossil, three stories". The Baltimore Sun.
  13. ^ Browne, Malcolm W. (July 21, 1992). "A Dinosaur Named Sue Divides Fossil Hunters". New York Times.
  14. ^ Switek, Brian (23 October 2013). "(News Feature) Palaeontology: The truth about T. rex". Nature. 502 (7472): 424–426. doi:10.1038/502424a. PMID 24153276.
  15. ^ Lidz, Gogo (20 July 2014). "In the World of Big Lizards, Peter Larson is a Big Name". Newsweek.
  16. ^ Jacobs, Julia; Small, Zachary (2022-11-23). "As Dinosaur Fossils Fetch Millions, There's Many a Bone to Pick". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Larson&oldid=1174200319"