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== Petroleum, chemicals & mining ==
== Petroleum, chemicals & mining ==
* [[Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation|Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC)]]
* [[Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation|Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC)]]
* South valley Egyptian petroleum Holding Company<ref>{{Cite web |title=South valley Egyptian petroleum Holding Company |url=https://www.egypt-business.com/company/details/south-valley-egyptian-petroleum-holding-company |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=www.egypt-business.com}}</ref>
* [[EGAS|Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS)]]
* [[EGAS|Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS)]]
** [[Egyptian Natural Gas Company]] (GASCO)
** [[Egyptian Natural Gas Company]] (GASCO)

Revision as of 20:32, 8 February 2024

In 1952 Egypt’s private sector accounted for 76 percent of economic investment. Following the nationalization plans carried out by President Gamal Abdel Nasser in the effort to build a post-independence socialist state, this percentage drastically shifted within a few decades to government investment accounting for over 80 percent of economic investment.[1] This figure included all banking, insurance, foreign trade, medium and heavy industry air transport, and public utilities, as well as many retail stores, newspapers, maritime transport, construction companies, and large infrastructure assets.

By the late 1970s, president Sadat shifted Egypt to the Infitah, or an 'open door' liberal policy. However, despite a number of rounds of privatisation stipulated by the IMF and World Bank Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP) in the 1990s, that saw over 400 companies privatized, by 2015 there were 52 economic authorities, 102 service authorities, and 146 state-owned enterprises that were affiliated with nine holding companies.[1] 30 Service authorities depend on recapitalization or operate on a subsidized business model. SOEs either are under specific ministries or are companies wholly or majority controlled by the state and operating under the authority of line ministries. These are mainly companies considered “strategic" in sectors such as electricity, aviation, banks, housing, petroleum, agriculture, textile, chemical industry, mining industry, transport, construction, tourism, pharmaceutical, and food processing holdings.[1]

The following is a list of key state-owned enterprises in Egypt, and a number of their subsidiaries.

Transportation

  • Egyptian Holding Company for Airports and Air Navigation (EHCAAN)[2]
    • National Air Navigation Services Company (NANSC)
    • Cairo Airport Company (CAC)
    • Egyptian Airports Company (EAC)
    • Aviation Information Technology (AVIT)
  • Egyptair Holding Company[3]
    • EgyptAir Airline
    • Egyptair Duty Free
    • Egyptair Maintenance & Engineering
    • Egyptair Ground Services
    • Egyptair In-flight Services
    • Egyptair Medical Services
    • Egyptair Supplementary Industries
    • Egyptair Cargo
  • Egyptian National Railways (ENR)
  • Suez Canal Authority
  • Marine Industries and Services Organization (MIASO)[4]
    • Alexandria Shipyard
    • Egyptian Ship Repair & Building Co.
    • National Nile Company for River Transportation
  • Superjet Lines

Media & communication

  • Egypt Post
  • National Media Authority (former ERTU)[5]
  • Telecom Egypt (Listed, government controlled: 70%)[6]
    • Telecom Egypt - France (100.00%)
    • Telecom Egypt Data SAE (99.99%)
    • TE Investment Holding (99.99%)
    • Egyptian International Submarine Cables Co (99.00%)
    • TE for Sports Investment (98.00%)
    • Egyptian Telecommunication Co for Information Systems (97.66%)
    • Centra Technologies (58.67%)
    • Wataneya for Telecommunications (50.00%)
    • Middle East Radio Communications (49.00%)
    • Vodafone Egypt Telecommunications (44.95%)
    • Egyptian Company for Digital Signature and Information Security SAE (35.71%)
    • Matrix for Advanced Technology and Integrated Solutions (25.50%)

Petroleum, chemicals & mining

Contracting & real Estate

Affiliated to the Ministry of Housing

Affiliated to the Ministry of the Public Business Sector

  • Holding Company for Construction and Development (HCCD)[11]
    • El Nasr Housing and Development
    • Maadi Co. for Development and Reconstruction
    • Nasr General Contracting Co.(Hassan Allam)
    • Misr Concrete Development Co.
    • High Dam Electrical & Industrial Projects Co. (HIDELECO)
    • Societe Egyptienne D’entreprises (Moukhtar Ibrahim)
    • The Egyptian Contracting Co. (El Abd)
    • Heliopolis Co. For Housing and Development (Listed: 73%)
    • Al Shams Housing and Urbanization (Listed: 44.54%)[12]
    • Zahraa Maadi Investment and Development - ZMID (Listed: 47.5% direct and indirect)[13]

Affiliated to other public agencies

  • MIDAR - formerly Mostakbal City for Urban Development[14]
  • Maspero for Urban Development[15]

Financial & insurance

Pharmaceuticals

Affiliated to the Ministry of the Public Business Sector

  • Holding Company for Pharmaceuticals (Holdipharma)[17]
    • Arab Drug Co.
    • Chemical Industries Development Co. (CID)
    • El Nasr pharmaceutical chemicals Co.
    • Misr Co. for Pharmacutical Products
    • The Nile Co . for Pharmaceuticals & Chemical Industries
    • Medical Appliances & Packages Co
    • Alexandria Co. for Pharmaceutical
    • Holdipharma For Marketing & Export Co.
    • Memphis Co. for Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries
    • Kahira for Pharmaceuticals & Chemical Industries Co.

Affiliated to the Ministry of Health

  • Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines - VACSERA[18]

Manufacturing & retail

Ministry of Public Business Sector

The Presidency of the Republic

Ministry of Defense

  • National Service Products Organization (NSPO)
    • National Co. for Natural Water in Siwa (SAFI)
    • National Co. for Food Industry in Rafah
    • The National Company for roads building and development
    • El-Areesh company for cement
    • Queen Company for Macaroni
    • National Company for Refrigerating & Transportation
    • National Company for Batteries

Utilities

Tourism

  • Holding Company for Tourism and Hotels (HOTAC)[24]
    • Egyptian General Company for Tourism & Hotels (EGOTH)
    • ElMamoura Company for Construction & Tourist Development
    • Misr Travel Company
    • Misr Hotels Company (50%)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Raballand, Gael J. R. F. "Middle East and North Africa - Governance reforms of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) : lessons from four case studies (Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, and Tunisia)". World Bank. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Companies". Ministry of Civil Aviation. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Egyptair Group". EgyptAir. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Home". miaso.org.eg. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  5. ^ "عن الهيئة | الهيئة الوطنية للإعلام". www.maspero.eg. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  6. ^ "Telecom Egypt". english.mubasher.info. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  7. ^ "South valley Egyptian petroleum Holding Company". www.egypt-business.com. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  8. ^ "ECHEM – Egyptian Petrochemicals Holding Company". Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  9. ^ "Estimating the Size of Public Sector Real Estate in Egypt". Built Environment Observatory. 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Presidential Decree 57/2016 Assigning the land of the New Administrative Capital and the Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Urban Community as areas of new urban communities" (PDF). The Official Gazette. 5 bis (59): 3–7. 8 February 2016.
  11. ^ "HCCD". hccd-construction.com. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Al Shams Housing and Urbanization". english.mubasher.info. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  13. ^ "Zahraa Maadi Investment and Development". english.mubasher.info. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  14. ^ "Shareholders | MIDAR". Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  15. ^ "Masperoud". masperoud.com. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  16. ^ "هيكل مجموعة شركات مصر القابضة للتأمين | مصر القابضة للتأمين". www.misrholding.com. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Affiliates". holdipharma.com. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  18. ^ "VACSERA CO". vacsera.com. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  19. ^ "الصفحة الرئيسية لمركز معلومات قطاع الأعمال العام - BSIC Home !". www.bsic.gov.eg. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  20. ^ "وزارة قطاع الأعمال العام - الشركات القابضة". mpbs.gov.eg.
  21. ^ "About". Holding Company for Water and Wastewater. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  22. ^ "Shareholders". Egypt Gas. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  23. ^ "Egypt Gas Company SAE". english.mubasher.info. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  24. ^ "Company Information – hotac". Retrieved 18 January 2024.
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