Indian chess: Difference between revisions
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==Names of the pieces== |
==Names of the pieces== |
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The following table describes one version of Indian chess terminology for the various pieces (including Hindi and Urdu pronunciations):<ref name=JLC>{{cite web|last1=Cazaux|first1=Jean-Louis|title=Indian Chess Sets|url=http://history.chess.free.fr/india.htm|website=Another view on Chess: Odyssey of Chess|access-date=25 November 2014|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232843/http://history.chess.free.fr/india.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |
The following table describes one version of Indian chess terminology for the various pieces (including Hindi and Urdu pronunciations; orange indicates most common terminology in Hindi, green indicates that in Urdu):<ref name=JLC>{{cite web|last1=Cazaux|first1=Jean-Louis|title=Indian Chess Sets|url=http://history.chess.free.fr/india.htm|website=Another view on Chess: Odyssey of Chess|access-date=25 November 2014|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232843/http://history.chess.free.fr/india.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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! Tamil |
! Tamil |
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| rowspan="2" | [[King (chess)|king]] || rowspan="2" | king || style="background-color: #FAC899;" | राजा || style="background-color: #FAC899;" | راجا || style="background-color: #FAC899;" | ''[[raja|rājā]]'' || || rowspan="2" |రాజు |
| style="background-color: #d1e5f4;" rowspan="2" | [[King (chess)|king]] || rowspan="2" | king || style="background-color: #FAC899;" | राजा || style="background-color: #FAC899;" | راجا || style="background-color: #FAC899;" | ''[[raja|rājā]]'' || || rowspan="2" |రాజు |
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| rowspan="2" |രാജാവ്|| rowspan="2" | ராஜா |
| rowspan="2" |രാജാവ്|| rowspan="2" | ராஜா |
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| style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | बादशाह || style="text-align: right; background-color: #C1E1C1;" | بادشاہ || style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | ''[[Padishah|bādśāh]]'' || |
| style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | बादशाह || style="text-align: right; background-color: #C1E1C1;" | بادشاہ || style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | ''[[Padishah|bādśāh]]'' || |
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| rowspan="5" | [[Queen (chess)|queen]] || rowspan="2" | [[ferz]]/minister || मन्त्री || منتری|| ''[[mantri|mantrī]]'' || || rowspan="2" |మంత్రి |
| style="background-color: #f5fbff;" rowspan="5" | [[Queen (chess)|queen]] || rowspan="2" | [[ferz]]/minister || मन्त्री || منتری|| ''[[mantri|mantrī]]'' || || rowspan="2" |మంత్రి |
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| rowspan="2" |മന്ത്രി |
| rowspan="2" |മന്ത്രി |
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| rowspan="2" | None |
| rowspan="2" | None |
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| general || सेनापति || سیناپتی|| ''[[senapati|sēnāpati]]'' ||||None |
| general || सेनापति || سیناپتی|| ''[[senapati|sēnāpati]]'' ||||None |
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| rowspan="3" | [[Rook (chess)|castle]] || rowspan="2" | rook/chariot || रथ|| رتھ|| ''[[ratha|rath]]''|| || rowspan="2" | തേര് |
| style="background-color: #d1e5f4;" rowspan="3" | [[Rook (chess)|castle]] || rowspan="2" | rook/chariot || रथ|| رتھ|| ''[[ratha|rath]]''|| || rowspan="2" | തേര് |
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| rowspan="2" | கோட்டை |
| rowspan="2" | கோட்டை |
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|None|| யானை |
|None|| யானை |
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| [[Knight (chess)|knight]] || horse || घोड़ा || گھوڑا || ''ghōṛā'' || || గుర్రం |
| style="background-color: #f5fbff;" | [[Knight (chess)|knight]] || horse || घोड़ा || گھوڑا || ''ghōṛā'' || || గుర్రం |
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|കുതിര|| குதிரை |
|കുതിര|| குதிரை |
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| rowspan="4" | [[Bishop (chess)|bishop]] || [[alfil]]/elephant || style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | फ़ीला || style="text-align: right; background-color: #C1E1C1;" | فیلہ || style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | ''fīlā'' |||| rowspan="2" | None |
| style="background-color: #d1e5f4;" rowspan="4" | [[Bishop (chess)|bishop]] || [[alfil]]/elephant || style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | फ़ीला || style="text-align: right; background-color: #C1E1C1;" | فیلہ || style="background-color: #C1E1C1;" | ''fīlā'' |||| rowspan="2" | None |
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| ആന || rowspan="3" | None |
| ആന || rowspan="3" | None |
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| minister |||||||||| rowspan="3" |None||அமைச்சர் |
| minister |||||||||| rowspan="3" |None||அமைச்சர் |
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| rowspan="4" | [[Pawn (chess)|pawn]]|| rowspan="2" | infantryman || पैदल || پیدل|| ''paidal'' || || rowspan="2" |കാലാള് / പടയാളി |
| style="background-color: #f5fbff;" rowspan="4" | [[Pawn (chess)|pawn]]|| rowspan="2" | infantryman || पैदल || پیدل|| ''paidal'' || || rowspan="2" |കാലാള് / പടയാളി |
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| rowspan="2" |காலாள் |
| rowspan="2" |காலாள் |
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Revision as of 02:22, 16 April 2024
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Chaturanga_Chess_Set.jpg/220px-Chaturanga_Chess_Set.jpg)
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Indian chess is the name given to regional variations of chess played in India in the 18th and 19th centuries. It is distinct from chaturanga. There are several such variations, all quite similar to modern rules, with variants regarding castling, pawn promotion, etc. These variants were popular in India until the 1960s. However, even today a mix of Indian and international rules and terminology are used in some parts of India.
Differences from Western chess
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- The king cannot move unless at least one check has been given.
- When only the kings and pawns are left in play, the opponent may not give check, but they can win by stalemate. Alternatively, giving check is allowed, but the capture of the last pawn (which would result in a draw) is disallowed.
- The pawn's two-step initial move is absent in Indian chess; thus, the en passant capture is also absent.
- Normal castling with rook and king is absent. The king can make a knight's move once in a game, known as Indian castling.
- On reaching the opposite end of the board, a pawn is promoted to a piece of the type that began on that square. If it is promoted on the king's initial position, it is promoted a queen.
- If there is one piece remaining other than the kings, it may not be captured. Alternatively, it may be captured unless it is a pawn.
Names of the pieces
The following table describes one version of Indian chess terminology for the various pieces (including Hindi and Urdu pronunciations; orange indicates most common terminology in Hindi, green indicates that in Urdu):[1]
Standard chess piece | Indian chess piece | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
English | Hindi | Urdu | ISO 15919 | Other | Telugu | Malayalam | Tamil | |
king | king | राजा | راجا | rājā | రాజు | രാജാവ് | ராஜா | |
बादशाह | بادشاہ | bādśāh | ||||||
queen | ferz/minister | मन्त्री | منتری | mantrī | మంత్రి | മന്ത്രി | None | |
व़ज़ीर | وزیر | wazīr | ||||||
queen | रानी | رانی | rānī | None | None | ராணி / அரசி | ||
मलिका | ملکہ | malikā | ||||||
general | सेनापति | سیناپتی | sēnāpati | None | ||||
castle | rook/chariot | रथ | رتھ | rath | തേര് | கோட்டை | ||
रुख़ | رخ | rux | rukkha[2] | |||||
elephant | हाथी | ہاتھی | hāthī | hattī[3] | ఏనుగు | None | யானை | |
knight | horse | घोड़ा | گھوڑا | ghōṛā | గుర్రం | കുതിര | குதிரை | |
bishop | alfil/elephant | फ़ीला | فیلہ | fīlā | None | ആന | None | |
camel | ऊँट | اونٹ | ū̃ṭ | None | ||||
chariot | శకటు | |||||||
minister | None | அமைச்சர் | ||||||
pawn | infantryman | पैदल | پیدل | paidal | കാലാള് / പടയാളി | காலாள் | ||
प्यादा | پیادا | pyādā | ||||||
soldier | सैनिक | سینک | sainik | బంటు | None | சிப்பாய் | ||
सिपाही | سپاہی | sipāhī |
See also
- Origins of chess
- Chaturaji, four-handed version of chaturanga
- Shatranj
References
- ^ Cazaux, Jean-Louis. "Indian Chess Sets". Another view on Chess: Odyssey of Chess. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ Punjabi
- ^ Marathi
Further reading
- Bhartiya Shatranj [in Hindi] by Dwarka Prasad Gupta. Published by Vangmaya Prakashan, Jaipur
- The History of Chess: from the Time of the Early Invention of the Game in India till the Period of its establishment in Western and Central Europe - The History of Chess: from the Time of the Early Invention of the Game in India till the Period of its establishment in Western and Central Europe