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== History ==
== History ==
[[Czech Republic]]-born entrepreneur Jan Sramek founded California Forever and its subsidiary Flannery Associates in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=Company behind Solano County land grab says 2008 law will decide 'California Forever' |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/california/company-founder-behind-solano-county-land-grab-shares-website-under-california-forever/103-808ead49-51cd-42d3-b54f-1bf0de0f29ee |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=abc10.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Conor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/business/economy/flannery-california-forever-solano.html |title=The Farmers Had What the Billionaires Wanted |work=The New York Times}}</ref> 97% of the company's funding comes from American investors, with the remaining 3% coming from British and Irish investors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robles |first=Sergio |date=2023-09-02 |title=California Forever, the company behind land purchases in Solano County |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/4184337-california-forever-company-behind-land-purchases-near-travis-air-force-base-launches-website-details-plans/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Czech Republic]]-born entrepreneur Jan Sramek founded California Forever and its subsidiary Flannery Associates in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=Company behind Solano County land grab says 2008 law will decide 'California Forever' |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/california/company-founder-behind-solano-county-land-grab-shares-website-under-california-forever/103-808ead49-51cd-42d3-b54f-1bf0de0f29ee |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=abc10.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Conor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/business/economy/flannery-california-forever-solano.html |title=The Farmers Had What the Billionaires Wanted |work=The New York Times}}</ref> 97% of the company's funding comes from American investors, with the remaining 3% coming from British and Irish investors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robles |first=Sergio |date=2023-09-02 |title=California Forever, the company behind land purchases in Solano County |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/4184337-california-forever-company-behind-land-purchases-near-travis-air-force-base-launches-website-details-plans/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref>


The development of the project was described as a five-year "stealth campaign" by the [[The Real Deal (magazine)|''The Real Deal'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. R. D. |date=2023-09-03 |title=California Forever: Billionaire-Backed Utopian Plans Unveiled |url=https://therealdeal.com/sanfrancisco/2023/09/03/california-forever-billionaire-backed-utopian-plans-unveiled/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Real Deal |language=en}}</ref> During that time, the company purchased 50,000 acres of land in [[Solano County, California]] for an estimated $900 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Botched Reveal of California Forever |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/the-botched-reveal-of-california-forever |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Information}}</ref> The company's website claimed that the project was kept secret to prevent [[speculation]] from driving up real estate prices.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2023 |title=Company behind Solano County land grab says 2008 law will decide 'California Forever' |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/california/company-founder-behind-solano-county-land-grab-shares-website-under-california-forever/103-808ead49-51cd-42d3-b54f-1bf0de0f29ee |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=abc10.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The secrecy surrounding these acquisitions led to widespread media speculation.<ref name=":2" />
The development of the project was described as a five-year "stealth campaign" by the [[The Real Deal (magazine)|''The Real Deal'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. R. D. |date=2023-09-03 |title=California Forever: Billionaire-Backed Utopian Plans Unveiled |url=https://therealdeal.com/sanfrancisco/2023/09/03/california-forever-billionaire-backed-utopian-plans-unveiled/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Real Deal |language=en}}</ref> During that time, the company purchased 50,000 acres of land in [[Solano County, California]] for an estimated $900 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Botched Reveal of California Forever |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/the-botched-reveal-of-california-forever |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Information}}</ref> The company's website claimed that the project was kept secret to prevent [[speculation]] from driving up real estate prices.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2023 |title=Company behind Solano County land grab says 2008 law will decide 'California Forever' |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/california/company-founder-behind-solano-county-land-grab-shares-website-under-california-forever/103-808ead49-51cd-42d3-b54f-1bf0de0f29ee |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=abc10.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The secrecy surrounding these acquisitions led to widespread media speculation.<ref name=":2" />


{{As of|2023|September}}, the land is zoned for agricultural use only and is subject to slow-growth laws.<ref name=":3" /> Due to these legal protections, the land can only be developed for urban use if a ballot initiative is passed by local voters. In August 2023, the company issued a mail-in poll to gauge support for the project among local residents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title='California Forever': Billionaires want to build a new city in Solano County. It'll be up to voters |url=https://www.kcra.com/article/california-forever-solano-county-city-flannery-project-land-grab/44977449 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=KCRA |language=en}}</ref>In January 2024 the company released its proposed city plans and the ballot initiative coming to voters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-17 |title=California Forever announces city plan, proposed Solano County ballot initiative |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/california-forever-plan/103-bfb093f0-4012-48c6-bffc-5a9c198a878a |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=abc10.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
{{As of|2023|September}}, the land is zoned for agricultural use only and is subject to slow-growth laws.<ref name=":3" /> Due to these legal protections, the land can only be developed for urban use if a ballot initiative is passed by local voters. In August 2023, the company issued a mail-in poll to gauge support for the project among local residents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-01 |title='California Forever': Billionaires want to build a new city in Solano County. It'll be up to voters |url=https://www.kcra.com/article/california-forever-solano-county-city-flannery-project-land-grab/44977449 |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=KCRA |language=en}}</ref> In January 2024 the company released its proposed city plans and the ballot initiative coming to voters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-17 |title=California Forever announces city plan, proposed Solano County ballot initiative |url=https://www.abc10.com/article/news/local/california-forever-plan/103-bfb093f0-4012-48c6-bffc-5a9c198a878a |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=abc10.com |language=en-US}}</ref>


After its announcement, state and federal officials expressed concern over the proposed city's proximity to the [[Travis Air Force Base]], citing potential security risks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-02 |title=‘California Forever’: Company behind land purchases near Travis Air Force Base launches website, details plans |url=https://fox59.com/news/national-world/california-forever-company-behind-land-purchases-near-travis-air-force-base-launches-website-details-plans/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Fox 59 |language=en-US}}</ref> The project has received opposition from local ranchers, who accused the company of canceling long-standing [[foraging]] leases and suing local ranch owners who refused to sell their property.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranchers decry ‘arrogant’ Silicon Valley billionaires buying up land for ‘fantasy’ city near San Francisco: ‘We are now totally surrounded’ |url=https://fortune.com/2023/09/03/ranchers-decry-arrogant-silicon-valley-billionaires-buying-up-land-for-fantasy-city-near-san-francisco-we-are-now-totally-surrounded/ |website=Fortune}}</ref>
After its announcement, state and federal officials expressed concern over the proposed city's proximity to the [[Travis Air Force Base]], citing potential security risks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-02 |title=‘California Forever’: Company behind land purchases near Travis Air Force Base launches website, details plans |url=https://fox59.com/news/national-world/california-forever-company-behind-land-purchases-near-travis-air-force-base-launches-website-details-plans/ |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=Fox 59 |language=en-US}}</ref> The project has received opposition from local ranchers, who accused the company of canceling long-standing [[foraging]] leases and suing local ranch owners who refused to sell their property.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranchers decry ‘arrogant’ Silicon Valley billionaires buying up land for ‘fantasy’ city near San Francisco: ‘We are now totally surrounded’ |url=https://fortune.com/2023/09/03/ranchers-decry-arrogant-silicon-valley-billionaires-buying-up-land-for-fantasy-city-near-san-francisco-we-are-now-totally-surrounded/ |website=Fortune}}</ref>


== Investors ==
== Investors ==
On 25 August, 2023, [[The New York Times]] reported that the company's backers include the venture capital firm [[Andreessen Horowitz]], as well as 9 prominent [[Silicon Valley]] investors:<ref name=":2" />
On 25 August, 2023, [[The New York Times]] reported that the company's backers include the venture capital firm [[Andreessen Horowitz]], as well as several prominent [[Silicon Valley]] investors:<ref name=":2" />


* [[Michael Moritz]], former partner at [[Sequoia Capital]].
* [[Michael Moritz]], former partner at [[Sequoia Capital]].
* [[Laurene Powell Jobs]], founder and chair of the [[Emerson Collective]]; window of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] co-founder [[Steve Jobs]].
* [[Laurene Powell Jobs]], founder and chair of [[Emerson Collective]]; window of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] co-founder [[Steve Jobs]].
* [[Reid Hoffman]], co-founder of [[LinkedIn]].
* [[Reid Hoffman]], co-founder of [[LinkedIn]].
* [[Marc Andreessen]], co-founder of Andreesen Horowitz.
* [[Marc Andreessen]], co-founder of Andreesen Horowitz.
Line 37: Line 37:


The original architectural designs for the city, released on the company's website, showed [[Mediterranean architecture]] and [[streetcar]] infrastructure.<ref name=":0" /> The designs were criticized by some news publications as lacking detail and being unrealistic,<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=John |date=2023-09-01 |title=Here’s everything that’s wrong with renderings of new California city fueled by tech money |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/solano-county-new-city-tech-money-proposal-18342964.php |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> and were compared to the futuristic city of ''[[The Jetsons]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Botched Reveal of California Forever |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/the-botched-reveal-of-california-forever |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Information}}</ref>
The original architectural designs for the city, released on the company's website, showed [[Mediterranean architecture]] and [[streetcar]] infrastructure.<ref name=":0" /> The designs were criticized by some news publications as lacking detail and being unrealistic,<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=John |date=2023-09-01 |title=Here’s everything that’s wrong with renderings of new California city fueled by tech money |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/solano-county-new-city-tech-money-proposal-18342964.php |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=San Francisco Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> and were compared to the futuristic city of ''[[The Jetsons]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Botched Reveal of California Forever |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/the-botched-reveal-of-california-forever |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Information}}</ref>

== Controversy ==
California Forever's secretive acquisition of land adjacent to [[Travis Air Force Base]] through its subsidiary Flannery Associates raised concerns over the security of the military installation. In July of 2023, [[The Wall Street Journal]] reported that the [[United States Air Force]]'s Foreign Investment Risk Review Office had been investigating Flannery Associates' land purchases for about eight months.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O’Keeffe |first=Kristina |last2=Peterson |first2=Jack |last3=Gillum |first3=Kate |date=2023-07-07 |title=Investors Bought Nearly $1 Billion in Land Near a California Air Force Base. Officials Want to Know Who Exactly They Are. |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/investors-bought-nearly-1-billion-in-land-near-a-california-air-force-base-officials-want-to-know-who-exactly-they-are-fd868e38 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, [[United States Representative|US Representative]]<nowiki/>s [[John Garamendi]] and [[Mike Thompson (California politician)|Mike Thompson]], who both represent parts of Solano County, asked the [[FBI]] and the [[Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States]] to investigate Flannery Associates' land acquisitions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bertrand |first=Natasha |date=2023-08-11 |title=National security panel reviewing secretive land buys near key Air Force base |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/politics/cfius-review-land-buys-near-air-force-base/index.html |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref>


The project has received widespread criticism from local residents and officials.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anguiano |first=Dani |date=2023-09-02 |title=Plan for 55,000-acre utopia dreamed by Silicon Valley elites unveiled |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/sep/02/silicon-valley-elites-utopian-city-california |access-date=2023-09-24 |issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Wes |date=2023-09-03 |title=‘California Forever’ website touts the city tech billionaires are trying to build |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/3/23857664/california-forever-tech-billionaire-secret-city |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Critics of the planned development have noted the lack of a reliable water supply and presence of wind farms as a potential obstacle to urban development.<ref name=":3" /> Catherine Moy, the mayor of [[Fairfield, California]], stated that the lack of mass transit, inadequate highway access, and [[Droughts in California|drought conditions in the area]] would make it difficult to support a city.<ref name=":4" /> Its potential impact on neighboring communities in the [[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]] has also been cited as a potential drawback.<ref name=":3" />
The project has received widespread criticism from local residents and officials.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anguiano |first=Dani |date=2023-09-02 |title=Plan for 55,000-acre utopia dreamed by Silicon Valley elites unveiled |language=en-GB |work=The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/sep/02/silicon-valley-elites-utopian-city-california |access-date=2023-09-24 |issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Wes |date=2023-09-03 |title=‘California Forever’ website touts the city tech billionaires are trying to build |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/3/23857664/california-forever-tech-billionaire-secret-city |access-date=2023-09-24 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Critics of the planned development have noted the lack of a reliable water supply and presence of wind farms as a potential obstacle to urban development.<ref name=":3" /> Catherine Moy, the mayor of [[Fairfield, California]], stated that the lack of mass transit, inadequate highway access, and [[Droughts in California|drought conditions in the area]] would make it difficult to support a city.<ref name=":4" /> Its potential impact on neighboring communities in the [[Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta]] has also been cited as a potential drawback.<ref name=":3" />

In May of 2023, Flannery Associates filed an [[Anti-Trust Law|anti-trust lawsuit]] against several landowners accusing them of illegally conspiring to raise prices of their land.<ref name=":5" />


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 06:18, 21 April 2024

California Forever
Company typePrivate
IndustryReal estate development
Founded2017
FounderJan Sramek
SubsidiariesFlannery Associates
Websitecaliforniaforever.com

California Forever is an American corporation founded by Jan Sramek. California Forever is the parent entity of Flannery Associates. In August 2023, the company announced plans to build a new walkable city of up to 400,000 people in southeastern Solano County, near the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The project's investors are primarily Silicon Valley billionaires.

History

Czech Republic-born entrepreneur Jan Sramek founded California Forever and its subsidiary Flannery Associates in 2017.[1][2] 97% of the company's funding comes from American investors, with the remaining 3% coming from British and Irish investors.[3]

The development of the project was described as a five-year "stealth campaign" by the The Real Deal.[4] During that time, the company purchased 50,000 acres of land in Solano County, California for an estimated $900 million.[5] The company's website claimed that the project was kept secret to prevent speculation from driving up real estate prices.[6] The secrecy surrounding these acquisitions led to widespread media speculation.[7]

As of September 2023, the land is zoned for agricultural use only and is subject to slow-growth laws.[8] Due to these legal protections, the land can only be developed for urban use if a ballot initiative is passed by local voters. In August 2023, the company issued a mail-in poll to gauge support for the project among local residents.[9] In January 2024 the company released its proposed city plans and the ballot initiative coming to voters.[10]

After its announcement, state and federal officials expressed concern over the proposed city's proximity to the Travis Air Force Base, citing potential security risks.[11] The project has received opposition from local ranchers, who accused the company of canceling long-standing foraging leases and suing local ranch owners who refused to sell their property.[12]

Investors

On 25 August, 2023, The New York Times reported that the company's backers include the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz, as well as several prominent Silicon Valley investors:[7]

Planned development

The site is located approximately 60 miles northeast of San Francisco.[7] Its planned size would include a population of up to 400,000 residents over a land area about two thirds the size of San Francisco.[8] The proposed city would include residential homes, a solar farm and public parks.[13] Part of these plans include the renovation of Highway 12. [citation needed]

The original architectural designs for the city, released on the company's website, showed Mediterranean architecture and streetcar infrastructure.[4] The designs were criticized by some news publications as lacking detail and being unrealistic,[14] and were compared to the futuristic city of The Jetsons.[15]

Controversy

California Forever's secretive acquisition of land adjacent to Travis Air Force Base through its subsidiary Flannery Associates raised concerns over the security of the military installation. In July of 2023, The Wall Street Journal reported that the United States Air Force's Foreign Investment Risk Review Office had been investigating Flannery Associates' land purchases for about eight months.[16] Additionally, US Representatives John Garamendi and Mike Thompson, who both represent parts of Solano County, asked the FBI and the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States to investigate Flannery Associates' land acquisitions.[17]

The project has received widespread criticism from local residents and officials.[18][19] Critics of the planned development have noted the lack of a reliable water supply and presence of wind farms as a potential obstacle to urban development.[8] Catherine Moy, the mayor of Fairfield, California, stated that the lack of mass transit, inadequate highway access, and drought conditions in the area would make it difficult to support a city.[13] Its potential impact on neighboring communities in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta has also been cited as a potential drawback.[8]

In May of 2023, Flannery Associates filed an anti-trust lawsuit against several landowners accusing them of illegally conspiring to raise prices of their land.[2]

References

  1. ^ "Company behind Solano County land grab says 2008 law will decide 'California Forever'". abc10.com. 2023-09-04. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  2. ^ a b Dougherty, Conor. "The Farmers Had What the Billionaires Wanted". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Robles, Sergio (2023-09-02). "California Forever, the company behind land purchases in Solano County". The Hill. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  4. ^ a b Staff, T. R. D. (2023-09-03). "California Forever: Billionaire-Backed Utopian Plans Unveiled". The Real Deal. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  5. ^ "The Botched Reveal of California Forever". The Information. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  6. ^ "Company behind Solano County land grab says 2008 law will decide 'California Forever'". abc10.com. September 4, 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  7. ^ a b c Dougherty, Conor; Griffith, Erin (2023-08-25). "The Silicon Valley Elite Who Want to Build a City From Scratch". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
  8. ^ a b c d Nolte, Carl (2023-09-09). "Why the California Forever dream of a new city would be a nightmare". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  9. ^ "'California Forever': Billionaires want to build a new city in Solano County. It'll be up to voters". KCRA. 2023-09-01. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  10. ^ "California Forever announces city plan, proposed Solano County ballot initiative". abc10.com. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-26.
  11. ^ "'California Forever': Company behind land purchases near Travis Air Force Base launches website, details plans". Fox 59. 2023-09-02. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  12. ^ "Ranchers decry 'arrogant' Silicon Valley billionaires buying up land for 'fantasy' city near San Francisco: 'We are now totally surrounded'". Fortune.
  13. ^ a b "Tech titans' vision for a new city in Northern California raises concerns". France 24. September 3, 2023.
  14. ^ King, John (2023-09-01). "Here's everything that's wrong with renderings of new California city fueled by tech money". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  15. ^ "The Botched Reveal of California Forever". The Information. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  16. ^ O’Keeffe, Kristina; Peterson, Jack; Gillum, Kate (2023-07-07). "Investors Bought Nearly $1 Billion in Land Near a California Air Force Base. Officials Want to Know Who Exactly They Are". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
  17. ^ Bertrand, Natasha (2023-08-11). "National security panel reviewing secretive land buys near key Air Force base". CNN. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
  18. ^ Anguiano, Dani (2023-09-02). "Plan for 55,000-acre utopia dreamed by Silicon Valley elites unveiled". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
  19. ^ Davis, Wes (2023-09-03). "'California Forever' website touts the city tech billionaires are trying to build". The Verge. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
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