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{{Short description|Rebuilt diesel locomotives}}
{{Short description|Rebuilt diesel locomotives}}


{{Infobox locomotive
{{Infobox Locomotive
| name = EMD SD7R
| name = EMD SD7R
| image = SP 1504 East end Rville Feb 1993xRP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg
| image = SP 1504 East end Rville Feb 1993xRP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg
Line 22: Line 22:
| locoweight = {{convert|309000|lb|abbr=on}}
| locoweight = {{convert|309000|lb|abbr=on}}
| fuelcap = {{convert|1200|usgal|L impgal|abbr=on}}
| fuelcap = {{convert|1200|usgal|L impgal|abbr=on}}
| primemover = [[EMD 567B]] ([[EMD SD7|SD7]])<br>[[EMD 645E3|EMD 16-645E3]] (SD7R)
| primemover = [[EMD 567B|EMD 16-567B]]/[[EMD 567C|16-567C]] ([[EMD SD7|SD7]])<br>EMD 16-645CE (SD7R)
| rpmrange = 800
| rpmrange = 800
| enginetype = [[V16 engine|V16]] [[Two-stroke diesel engine|diesel engine]]
| enginetype = [[V16 engine|V16]] [[Two-stroke diesel engine|diesel engine]]
Line 31: Line 31:
| headendpower =
| headendpower =
| cylindercount = 16
| cylindercount = 16
| poweroutput = [[EMD SD7|SD7]]: {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2|abbr=on}}<br>SD7R: {{convert|2000|hp|MW|2|abbr=on}}
| poweroutput = {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|77250|lbf|abbr=on}}
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|77250|lbf|abbr=on}}
| fleetnumbers = 5279–5293, 5309–5335<br>2700–2742<br>1400–1442<br>1500–1542
| fleetnumbers = 1500–1542
| locale = United States
| locale =
| preservedunits = [[#Preservation|See here]]
| preservedunits =
| disposition = Four preserved (Three SD7Rs and one SD9M), one rebuilt into an SD9M, remainder scrapped
| disposition = Three preserved, remainder scrapped
}}The '''EMD SD7R''' was a rebuild from [[EMD SD7]] [[diesel locomotive]]s that were built by [[Electro-Motive Diesel|General-Motors Electro-Motive Division]] for the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]].<ref name=":0">{{Harvp|Withers|1995|p=5}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Harvp|Shine|1991|p=9-56, 186}}</ref>
}}The '''EMD SD7R''' (sometimes known as the '''EMD SD7E''') was a rebuild from [[EMD SD7]] [[diesel locomotive]]s that were built by [[Electro-Motive Diesel|General-Motors Electro-Motive Division]] for the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]].<ref name=":0">{{Harvp|Withers|1995|p=5}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Harvp|Shine|1991|p=9-56, 186}}</ref>


They were all originally built in May 1951 and November 1953 and rebuilt between January 1979 and June 1980.<ref name=":3" />
They were all originally built in May 1951 and November 1953 and rebuilt between January 1979 and June 1980.<ref name=":3" />


== History ==
== History ==
Between May 1951 and November 1953, the [[Electro-Motive Diesel|Electro-Motive Division]] had built and delivered a total of 42 [[EMD SD7]] [[diesel locomotive]]s for the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]] as the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] needed more locomotives for their [[freight train]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
Between May 1951 and November 1953, the Electro-Motive Division had built and delivered a total of 42 EMD SD7 diesel locomotives for the Southern Pacific Transportation Company as the Southern Pacific needed more locomotives for their [[freight train]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />


When they delivered to the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific Railroad]], they were originally numbered in a 52 and 53 sequence, the first 15 locomotives as 5279–5293, and the remaining 27 locomotives as 5309–5335, with 5321, 5322, 5323, 5334 and 5335 being built with an [[EMD 567C]] [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime mover]], and the rest of them being built with an [[EMD 567B]] [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime mover]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />
When they delivered to the Southern Pacific Railroad, they were originally numbered in a 52 and 53 sequence, the first 15 locomotives as 5279–5293, and the remaining 27 locomotives as 5309–5335, with units 5321 through 5335 being built with an EMD 567C [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime mover]], and the rest of them being built with an EMD 567B prime mover.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />


Then, in 1965, they were renumbered in a 2700 sequence as 2700–2742 until in 1974, when they were all renumbered as 1400–1442.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the age of the [[EMD SD7]] locomotives and their [[EMD 567B|567B]] [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime movers]], this resulted in the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]] rebuilding all 42 of their [[EMD SD7]] [[diesel locomotive]]s of what had become the EMD SD7R between January 1979 and June 1980 under the General Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (G.R.I.P).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Harvp|Signor|2005|p=13}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
Then, in 1965, they were renumbered in a 2700 sequence as 2700–2742 until in 1974, when they were all renumbered as 1400–1442.<ref name=":0" /> Due to the age of the EMD SD7 locomotives and their 567B prime movers, this resulted in the Southern Pacific Transportation Company rebuilding all 42 of their EMD SD7 diesel locomotives of what had become the EMD SD7R between January 1979 and June of 1980 under the General Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (G.R.I.P).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Harvp|Signor|2005|p=13}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

⚫
The rebuilds had also included upgrades to the [[Electricity|electrical systems]], [[traction motor]]s, as well as a changeout of the [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime movers]] swapping the 16-cylinder [[EMD 567B|567B]] [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime movers]] with 16-cylinder [[EMD 645E3|645E3]] [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime movers]], this resulted in the power output being updated from {{convert|1500|hp|MW|2|abbr=on}} to {{convert|2000|hp|MW|2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />


⚫
The rebuilds had also included upgrades to the [[Electricity|electrical systems]], [[traction motor]]s, as well as a changeout of the prime movers swapping the 16-cylinder 567B prime movers with 16-cylinder 645CE [[Prime mover (locomotive)|prime movers]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
[[File:Feb 93x4 (34493732570).jpg|left|thumb|Southern Pacific SD7R locomotives 1503 and [[Southern Pacific 1518|1518]] at Roseville yard]]
After all 42 of the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]]'s [[EMD SD7]] units were rebuilt under the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]]'s General Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (G.R.I.P), the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific Railroad]] renumbered them to 1500–1542.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SP Rebuild Programs |url=https://utahrails.net/sp/sp-r8-grip.php#from-r8-to-grip |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=utahrails.net}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
After all 42 of the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]]'s [[EMD SD7]] units were rebuilt under the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]]'s General Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (G.R.I.P), the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific Railroad]] renumbered them to 1500–1542.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SP Rebuild Programs |url=https://utahrails.net/sp/sp-r8-grip.php#from-r8-to-grip |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=utahrails.net}}</ref><ref name=":3" />


Line 56: Line 56:
A new electrical cabinet was fitted, which resulted in an 'umbrella' or 'hump' behind the locomotive's cab. Southern Pacific unit #1507 received a 'normal' 36" cap top dynamic fan and a flat top or high shroud type DA-2001 and also kept its non-standard fuel tank.<ref name=":3" />
A new electrical cabinet was fitted, which resulted in an 'umbrella' or 'hump' behind the locomotive's cab. Southern Pacific unit #1507 received a 'normal' 36" cap top dynamic fan and a flat top or high shroud type DA-2001 and also kept its non-standard fuel tank.<ref name=":3" />


A full SP 5 light show was fitted both at the front end and the rear end similar to a DW103 or made from DA1001, 1002, 1003.<ref name=":3" />
A full SP 5 light show was fitted both at the front end and the rear end similar to a DW103 or made from DA1001, 1002, 1003. 41 of the SD7R locomotives had their dual tanks removed while the other three units #1506, #1528 and #1533 had kept their dual tanks.<ref name=":3" /> #1541 had the roadname stacked at the rear of the unit in a Roman script.<ref name=":3" />

41 of the SD7R locomotives had their dual tanks removed while the other three units #1506, #1528 and #1533 had kept their dual tanks.<ref name=":3" /> #1541 had the roadname stacked at the rear of the unit in a Roman script.<ref name=":3" />


All 42 units were retired from active service on the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=SP Retirements, 1995–1997 |url=https://utahrails.net/sp/sp-retirements-metzger.php |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=utahrails.net}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Four units (#1502, #1504, #1511 and #1537) were given to Progress Rail of [[Fresno, California]], six units (#1500, #1510, #1525, #1529, #1531 and #1535) were sold to [[San Joaquin Valley Railroad]] at [[Fresno, California]], on November 3, 1995, and two units #1530 and #1532 were delivered to the [[Willamette and Pacific Railroad]].<ref name=":4" /> While the rest stayed with the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] either to be scrapped or be part of the [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]]'s roster.<ref name=":3" />
All 42 units were retired from active service on the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=SP Retirements, 1995–1997 |url=https://utahrails.net/sp/sp-retirements-metzger.php |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=utahrails.net}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Four units (#1502, #1504, #1511 and #1537) were given to Progress Rail of [[Fresno, California]], six units (#1500, #1510, #1525, #1529, #1531 and #1535) were sold to [[San Joaquin Valley Railroad]] at [[Fresno, California]], on November 3, 1995, and two units #1530 and #1532 were delivered to the [[Willamette and Pacific Railroad]].<ref name=":4" /> While the rest stayed with the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] either to be scrapped or be part of the [[Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific]]'s roster.<ref name=":3" />


== Preservation ==
== Preservation ==
Out of all 42 of the EMD SD7R locomotives used on the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]], four EMD SD7R diesel locomotives have been preserved:
Out of all 42 of the EMD SD7R locomotives used on the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company]], three EMD SD7R diesel locomotives have been preserved:

=== Currently preserved ===
[[File:SP_1518_EMD_SD7_at_IRM.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Southern Pacific 1518|Southern Pacific #1518]] at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]].]]
[[File:SP_1518_EMD_SD7_at_IRM.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[[Southern Pacific 1518|Southern Pacific #1518]] at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]].]]
* [[Southern Pacific 1518|Southern Pacific #1518]], (originally EMD Demonstrator unit No. 990, Southern Pacific SD7 #5308, SD7 #2715 and SD7 #1415) is currently operational at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]] in [[Union, Illinois]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=IRM Roster – Southern Pacific 1518 |url=http://www.irm.org/cgi-bin/rsearch.cgi?diesel=Southern+Pacific=1518 |accessdate=2008-06-27 |publisher=Illinois Railway Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Alberston |first=Bob. |year=1996 |title=EMD SD7-SP 1518, A precursor to all engines on rails today |volume=15 |page=50 |journal=Railfan & Railroad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-1VAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* [[Southern Pacific 1518|Southern Pacific #1518]], (originally EMD Demonstrator unit No. 990, Southern Pacific SD7 #5308, SD7 #2715 and SD7 #1415) is currently operational at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]] in [[Union, Illinois]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=IRM Roster – Southern Pacific 1518 |url=http://www.irm.org/cgi-bin/rsearch.cgi?diesel=Southern+Pacific=1518 |accessdate=2008-06-27 |publisher=Illinois Railway Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Alberston |first=Bob. |year=1996 |title=EMD SD7-SP 1518, A precursor to all engines on rails today |volume=15 |page=50 |journal=Railfan & Railroad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-1VAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
* [[Portland and Western 1501|Southern Pacific #1530 (currently as PNWR #1501)]] (originally SP SD7 #5280, SD7 #2701 and SD7 #1401) was used on the [[Portland and Western Railroad]] for yard use until being retired on July 19, 2023, and sidelined along with PNWR locomotives #1801, #1803, #1852, #1854 due to [[Genesee & Wyoming|Genesee and Wyoming]]'s EPA scandal.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hering |first=Hasso |title=Court decree affects two local locomotives |work=www.hh-today.com |url=https://hh-today.com/court-decree-affects-two-local-locomotives/ |access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Hering |first=Hasso |date= |title=Locomotives: Old, not so old, and really new |work=www.hh-today.com |url=https://hh-today.com/locomotives-old-not-so-old-and-really-new/ |access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> #1501 was eventually acquired by Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX) in September 2023.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Diesel Motive Company |url=https://www.thedieselshop.us/BUGX.HTML |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.thedieselshop.us}}</ref>
* Southern Pacific #1530 (currently as PNWR #1501) (originally SP SD7 #5280, SD7 #2701 and SD7 #1401) was used on the [[Portland and Western Railroad]] for yard use until being retired on July 19, 2023, and sidelined along with PNWR locomotives #1801, #1803, #1852, #1854 due to [[Genesee & Wyoming|Genesee and Wyoming]]'s EPA scandal.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hering |first=Hasso |title=Court decree affects two local locomotives |work=www.hh-today.com |url=https://hh-today.com/court-decree-affects-two-local-locomotives/ |access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Hering |first=Hasso |date= |title=Locomotives: Old, not so old, and really new |work=www.hh-today.com |url=https://hh-today.com/locomotives-old-not-so-old-and-really-new/ |access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> #1501 was eventually acquired by Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX) in September 2023.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Diesel Motive Company |url=https://www.thedieselshop.us/BUGX.HTML |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.thedieselshop.us}}</ref>
⚫
* Southern Pacific #1532 (originally SP SD7 #5288, SD7 #2702 and SD7 #1402) is currently operational at the [[Portland and Western Railroad]] as SD9M #1853.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portland & Western |url=https://www.thedieselshop.us/Portlnd&Wsn.HTML |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.thedieselshop.us}}</ref>
* Southern Pacific #1533 (originally SP SD7 #5321, SD7 #2728 and SD7 #1428) is currently under ownership of Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX).<ref name=":2" />
* Southern Pacific #1533 (originally SP SD7 #5321, SD7 #2728 and SD7 #1428) is currently under ownership of Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX).<ref name=":2" />

=== Formerly preserved, scrapped ===

⚫
* Southern Pacific #1532 (originally SP SD7 #5288, SD7 #2702 and SD7 #1402) was used in operation at the [[Portland and Western Railroad]] as SD9m #1853 but was scrapped in December 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portland & Western |url=https://www.thedieselshop.us/Portlnd&Wsn.HTML |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.thedieselshop.us}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[EMD SD7]]
* [[EMD SD9E]]
* [[EMD SD9E]]
* [[EMD SD40R]]
* [[EMD SD40R]]
* [[EMD SD45R]]
* [[EMD SD45R]]
* [[EMD SD45u]]
* [[Southern Pacific 1518]]
* [[Portland and Western 1501]]

== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />

Revision as of 12:08, 24 April 2024

EMD SD7R
Two of SP's then forty-year-old SD7R's still at work switching the East End of the Roseville Yard.
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
BuilderGeneral Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD)
ModelSD7
SD7R
Build dateMay 1951 – November 1953
Total produced42
Rebuild dateJanuary 1979 – June 1980
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • AARC-C
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
TrucksEMD Flexicoil C
Wheel diameter40 in (1,016 mm)
Minimum curve23° (250 ft (76.20 m) radius)
Wheelbase48 ft 7 in (14.81 m)
Length61 ft 2+3⁄4 in (18.66 m)
Width10 ft 8 in (3.25 m)
Height15 ft 4+1⁄2 in (4.69 m)
Loco weight309,000 lb (140,000 kg)
Fuel capacity1,200 US gal (4,500 L; 1,000 imp gal)
Prime moverEMD 16-567B/16-567C (SD7)
EMD 16-645CE (SD7R)
RPM range800
Engine typeV16 diesel engine
AspirationRoots-type supercharger
Displacement9,072 cu in (148.66 L)
GeneratorD-12-C
Traction motors(6) D-27-B
Cylinders16
Performance figures
Power output1,500 hp (1.12 MW)
Tractive effort77,250 lbf (343,600 N)
Career
Numbers1500–1542
DispositionThree preserved, remainder scrapped

The EMD SD7R (sometimes known as the EMD SD7E) was a rebuild from EMD SD7 diesel locomotives that were built by General-Motors Electro-Motive Division for the Southern Pacific Transportation Company.[1][2]

They were all originally built in May 1951 and November 1953 and rebuilt between January 1979 and June 1980.[2]

History

Between May 1951 and November 1953, the Electro-Motive Division had built and delivered a total of 42 EMD SD7 diesel locomotives for the Southern Pacific Transportation Company as the Southern Pacific needed more locomotives for their freight trains.[1][2]

When they delivered to the Southern Pacific Railroad, they were originally numbered in a 52 and 53 sequence, the first 15 locomotives as 5279–5293, and the remaining 27 locomotives as 5309–5335, with units 5321 through 5335 being built with an EMD 567C prime mover, and the rest of them being built with an EMD 567B prime mover.[1][2]

Then, in 1965, they were renumbered in a 2700 sequence as 2700–2742 until in 1974, when they were all renumbered as 1400–1442.[1] Due to the age of the EMD SD7 locomotives and their 567B prime movers, this resulted in the Southern Pacific Transportation Company rebuilding all 42 of their EMD SD7 diesel locomotives of what had become the EMD SD7R between January 1979 and June of 1980 under the General Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (G.R.I.P).[1][3][2]

The rebuilds had also included upgrades to the electrical systems, traction motors, as well as a changeout of the prime movers swapping the 16-cylinder 567B prime movers with 16-cylinder 645CE prime movers.[3][2]

Southern Pacific SD7R locomotives 1503 and 1518 at Roseville yard

After all 42 of the Southern Pacific's EMD SD7 units were rebuilt under the Southern Pacific's General Rehabilitation and Improvement Program (G.R.I.P), the Southern Pacific Railroad renumbered them to 1500–1542.[4][2]

All of the SD7R locomotives were painted in Southern Pacific's "Bloody Nose" paint scheme, but surprisingly, no SD7R diesel locomotives were painted into Southern Pacific's SPSF "Kodachrome" livery, and all of them had their steam generators removed upon being rebuilt.[2]

A new electrical cabinet was fitted, which resulted in an 'umbrella' or 'hump' behind the locomotive's cab. Southern Pacific unit #1507 received a 'normal' 36" cap top dynamic fan and a flat top or high shroud type DA-2001 and also kept its non-standard fuel tank.[2]

A full SP 5 light show was fitted both at the front end and the rear end similar to a DW103 or made from DA1001, 1002, 1003. 41 of the SD7R locomotives had their dual tanks removed while the other three units #1506, #1528 and #1533 had kept their dual tanks.[2] #1541 had the roadname stacked at the rear of the unit in a Roman script.[2]

All 42 units were retired from active service on the Southern Pacific Transportation Company.[5][2] Four units (#1502, #1504, #1511 and #1537) were given to Progress Rail of Fresno, California, six units (#1500, #1510, #1525, #1529, #1531 and #1535) were sold to San Joaquin Valley Railroad at Fresno, California, on November 3, 1995, and two units #1530 and #1532 were delivered to the Willamette and Pacific Railroad.[5] While the rest stayed with the Southern Pacific either to be scrapped or be part of the Union Pacific's roster.[2]

Preservation

Out of all 42 of the EMD SD7R locomotives used on the Southern Pacific Transportation Company, three EMD SD7R diesel locomotives have been preserved:

Currently preserved

Southern Pacific #1518 at the Illinois Railway Museum.
  • Southern Pacific #1518, (originally EMD Demonstrator unit No. 990, Southern Pacific SD7 #5308, SD7 #2715 and SD7 #1415) is currently operational at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union, Illinois.[6][7]
  • Southern Pacific #1530 (currently as PNWR #1501) (originally SP SD7 #5280, SD7 #2701 and SD7 #1401) was used on the Portland and Western Railroad for yard use until being retired on July 19, 2023, and sidelined along with PNWR locomotives #1801, #1803, #1852, #1854 due to Genesee and Wyoming's EPA scandal.[8][9] #1501 was eventually acquired by Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX) in September 2023.[10]
  • Southern Pacific #1533 (originally SP SD7 #5321, SD7 #2728 and SD7 #1428) is currently under ownership of Dieselmotive Company, Inc. (BUGX).[10]

Formerly preserved, scrapped

  • Southern Pacific #1532 (originally SP SD7 #5288, SD7 #2702 and SD7 #1402) was used in operation at the Portland and Western Railroad as SD9m #1853 but was scrapped in December 2009.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Withers (1995), p. 5
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Shine (1991), p. 9-56, 186
  3. ^ a b Signor (2005), p. 13
  4. ^ "SP Rebuild Programs". utahrails.net. Retrieved 2023-09-30.
  5. ^ a b "SP Retirements, 1995–1997". utahrails.net. Retrieved 2023-10-23.
  6. ^ "IRM Roster – Southern Pacific 1518". Illinois Railway Museum. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
  7. ^ Alberston, Bob. (1996). "EMD SD7-SP 1518, A precursor to all engines on rails today". Railfan & Railroad. Vol. 15. p. 50.
  8. ^ Hering, Hasso. "Court decree affects two local locomotives". www.hh-today.com. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  9. ^ Hering, Hasso. "Locomotives: Old, not so old, and really new". www.hh-today.com. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  10. ^ a b "Diesel Motive Company". www.thedieselshop.us. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  11. ^ "Portland & Western". www.thedieselshop.us. Retrieved 2023-10-23.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EMD_SD7R&oldid=1220537135"