Nirṇayāmṛta: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m fix
Links added
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Sanskrit-language text by Allāḍanātha}}
{{Short description|Sanskrit-language text by Allāḍanātha}}
'''''Nirṇayāmṛta''''', also transliterated as ''Nirnayamrita'', is a 14th-16th century [[Sanskrit]]-language text by Allāḍanātha, on determining auspicious times for [[Samskara (rite of passage)|Hindu religious ceremonies]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Daisy Todd |title=Everything you need to know about birch bark book conservation |date=2017-08-10 |publisher=British Library |url=https://blogs.bl.uk/collectioncare/2017/08/from-sawdust-to-gold-dust-the-conservation-of-a-c16th-birch-bark-book.html |access-date=2024-03-26 }}</ref><ref name="RGB"/> It comprises four chapters (''prakaraṇa''s): ''vrata-nirṇaya'', ''tithi-nirṇaya'', ''śrāddha-nirṇaya'', and ''āśauca-nirnaya''.<ref name="CESS1"/>
The '''''Nirṇayāmṛta''''' (lit. "the nectar of decisions"), also transliterated as the ''Nirnayamrita'', is a 14th-16th century [[Sanskrit]]-language text by Allāḍanātha on determining auspicious times for [[Samskara (rite of passage)|Hindu religious ceremonies]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Daisy Todd |title=Everything you need to know about birch bark book conservation |date=2017-08-10 |publisher=British Library |url=https://blogs.bl.uk/collectioncare/2017/08/from-sawdust-to-gold-dust-the-conservation-of-a-c16th-birch-bark-book.html |access-date=2024-03-26 }}</ref><ref name="RGB"/> It comprises four chapters (''prakaraṇa''s): ''vrata-nirṇaya'', ''tithi-nirṇaya'', ''śrāddha-nirṇaya'', and ''āśauca-nirnaya''.<ref name="CESS1"/>


[[R. G. Bhandarkar]] classifies ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' among the ''[[dharmaśāstra|dharma-śāstra]]'' texts.<ref name="RGB"/> [[David Pingree]]'s ''Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit'' records 24 manuscripts of the text, which have several variations.<ref name="CESS2"/>
[[R. G. Bhandarkar]] classifies ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' among the ''[[dharmaśāstra|dharma-śāstra]]'' texts.<ref name="RGB"/> [[David Pingree]]'s ''Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit'' records 24 manuscripts of the text which have several variations.<ref name="CESS2"/>


== Date and place ==
== Date and place ==


Sources that quote the ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' include [[Raghunandana]] (16th century), ''Nirnaya-sindhu'' (which also quotes Raghunandana), and [[Bhattoji Dikshita]]'s ''Tithi-nirnaya'' (17th century). Alladanatha names one of his sources as ''Parijata'': if this is same as the ''Madana-pārijāta'' (c. 1375 CE), Alladanatha must have lived sometime during the 14th-16th century.<ref name="RGB"/>
Sources that quote the ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' include [[Raghunandana]] (16th century), the ''Nirnaya-sindhu'' (which also quotes Raghunandana), and [[Bhattoji Dikshita]]'s ''Tithi-nirnaya'' (17th century). Alladanatha names one of his sources as the ''Parijata'': if this is same as the ''Madana-pārijāta'' (c. 1375 CE), Alladanatha must have lived sometime during the 14th-16th century.<ref name="RGB"/>


Allāḍa-nātha was a son of Lakshmana (Lakṣmaṇa) Siddha, and wrote the book for a king named Sūryasena.<ref name="CESS1">{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=1 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |page=47 }}</ref> Some manuscripts of the book attribute its authorship to Sūryasena, or to Gopi-narayana.<ref name="CESS2">{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=2 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A2_1971/ |pages=13-14}}</ref>
Allāḍa-nātha was a son of Lakshmana (Lakṣmaṇa) Siddha, and wrote the book for a king named Sūryasena.<ref name="CESS1">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |year=1970 |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |volume=1 |page=47}}</ref> Some manuscripts of the book attribute its authorship to Sūryasena, or to Gopi-narayana.<ref name="CESS2">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A2_1971/ |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]] |year=1971 |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |volume=2 |pages=13-14}}</ref>


''Nirṇayāmṛta'' describes Alladanatha's patron Sūryasena as the king of Ekachakra and a member of the family of Chvahuvana (possibly Chahuvana,<ref>{{cite book |editor=Peter Peterson |title=Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Ulwar |year=1892 |publisher=Steam Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVGDs12nfDkC&pg=PA60 |page=61 }}</ref> that is [[Chauhan clan|Chauhan]]). The text provides the following genealogy of the king: Sarupa belonged to the famous race of Chahuvanas, and destroyed all his enemies. His son was Karna-deva, whose son Uddharana performed military exploits at [[Delhi]] and wounded the elephants of the "Lord of the Shakas". Uddharana settled in the city of Ekachakra, located on the banks of the "daughter of the son" (the [[Yamuna River]]). His son Chandra-sena had two sons: Surya-sena the elder, and Pratapa-sena the younger. Surya-sena had a son named Deva-sena. No other source mentions this dynasty.<ref name="RGB">{{cite book |author=R. G. Bhandarkar |author-link=R. G. Bhandarkar |editor=Narayan Bapuji Utgikar |title=Collected Works Of Sir R.G. Bhandarkar |volume=II |year=1928 |publisher=[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.484746/page/n148/mode/1up |pages=143-144 }}</ref> The genealogy does not match with that of the [[Sena dynasty]] of Bengal.<ref name="CESS2"/> [[Alexander Cunningham]] identified Ekachakra with [[Arrah]] in present-day Bihar, but that place is not located on the banks of the Yamuna River.<ref name="RGB"/>
The ''Nirṇayāmṛta'' describes Alladanatha's patron Sūryasena as the king of Ekachakra and a member of the family of Chvahuvana (possibly Chahuvana,<ref>{{cite book |editor=Peter Peterson |title=Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Ulwar |year=1892 |publisher=Steam Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVGDs12nfDkC&pg=PA60 |page=61 }}</ref> that is the [[Chauhan clan|Chauhans]]). The text provides the following genealogy of the king: Sarupa belonged to the famous race of Chahuvanas and destroyed all his enemies. His son was Karna-deva, whose son Uddharana performed military exploits at [[Delhi]] and wounded the elephants of the "Lord of the Shakas" (Shakas usually refers to the [[Indo-Scythians]]). Uddharana settled in the city of Ekachakra, located on the banks of the "daughter of the son" (the [[Yamuna River]]). His son Chandra-sena had two sons: Surya-sena the elder, and Pratapa-sena the younger. Surya-sena had a son named Deva-sena. No other source mentions this dynasty.<ref name="RGB">{{cite book |author=R. G. Bhandarkar |author-link=R. G. Bhandarkar |editor=Narayan Bapuji Utgikar |title=Collected Works Of Sir R.G. Bhandarkar |volume=II |year=1928 |publisher=[[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.484746/page/n148/mode/1up |pages=143-144 }}</ref> The genealogy does not match with that of the [[Sena dynasty]] of [[Bengal]].<ref name="CESS2"/> [[Alexander Cunningham]] identified Ekachakra with [[Arrah]] in present-day [[Bihar]], but that place is not located on the banks of the Yamuna River.<ref name="RGB"/>


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
Line 27: Line 27:
* ''Smṛtyartha-sāra''
* ''Smṛtyartha-sāra''
* ''Smṛti-chandrika''
* ''Smṛti-chandrika''
* ''Matsya''
* ''[[Matsya Purana|Matsya]]''
* ''Kaurma''
* ''[[Kurma Purana|Kaurma]]''
* ''Varāha''
* ''[[Varaha Purana|Varāha]]''
* ''Vaisnava''
* ''[[Vishnu Purana|Vaisnava]]''
* ''Vāmana''
* ''[[Vamana Purana|Vāmana]]''
* ''Mārkaṇḍeya''
* ''[[Markandeya Purana|Mārkaṇḍeya]]''
* ''Bhaviṣyottara''
* ''[[Bhavishya Purana|Bhaviṣyottara]]''
* [[Hemadri]]'s ''Pariśiṣṭa''
* [[Hemadri]]'s ''Pariśiṣṭa''
* ''Ananta-bhaṭṭīya''
* ''Ananta-bhaṭṭīya''

Revision as of 08:24, 4 May 2024

The Nirṇayāmṛta (lit. "the nectar of decisions"), also transliterated as the Nirnayamrita, is a 14th-16th century Sanskrit-language text by Allāḍanātha on determining auspicious times for Hindu religious ceremonies.[1][2] It comprises four chapters (prakaraṇas): vrata-nirṇaya, tithi-nirṇaya, śrāddha-nirṇaya, and āśauca-nirnaya.[3]

R. G. Bhandarkar classifies Nirṇayāmṛta among the dharma-śāstra texts.[2] David Pingree's Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit records 24 manuscripts of the text which have several variations.[4]

Date and place

Sources that quote the Nirṇayāmṛta include Raghunandana (16th century), the Nirnaya-sindhu (which also quotes Raghunandana), and Bhattoji Dikshita's Tithi-nirnaya (17th century). Alladanatha names one of his sources as the Parijata: if this is same as the Madana-pārijāta (c. 1375 CE), Alladanatha must have lived sometime during the 14th-16th century.[2]

Allāḍa-nātha was a son of Lakshmana (Lakṣmaṇa) Siddha, and wrote the book for a king named Sūryasena.[3] Some manuscripts of the book attribute its authorship to Sūryasena, or to Gopi-narayana.[4]

The Nirṇayāmṛta describes Alladanatha's patron Sūryasena as the king of Ekachakra and a member of the family of Chvahuvana (possibly Chahuvana,[5] that is the Chauhans). The text provides the following genealogy of the king: Sarupa belonged to the famous race of Chahuvanas and destroyed all his enemies. His son was Karna-deva, whose son Uddharana performed military exploits at Delhi and wounded the elephants of the "Lord of the Shakas" (Shakas usually refers to the Indo-Scythians). Uddharana settled in the city of Ekachakra, located on the banks of the "daughter of the son" (the Yamuna River). His son Chandra-sena had two sons: Surya-sena the elder, and Pratapa-sena the younger. Surya-sena had a son named Deva-sena. No other source mentions this dynasty.[2] The genealogy does not match with that of the Sena dynasty of Bengal.[4] Alexander Cunningham identified Ekachakra with Arrah in present-day Bihar, but that place is not located on the banks of the Yamuna River.[2]

Sources

Alladanatha states that he consulted the following sources to compose his treatise:[2]

References

  1. ^ Daisy Todd (2017-08-10). "Everything you need to know about birch bark book conservation". British Library. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  2. ^ a b c d e f R. G. Bhandarkar (1928). Narayan Bapuji Utgikar (ed.). Collected Works Of Sir R.G. Bhandarkar. Vol. II. Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. pp. 143–144.
  3. ^ a b David Pingree, ed. (1970). Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A. Vol. 1. American Philosophical Society. p. 47.
  4. ^ a b c David Pingree, ed. (1971). Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A. Vol. 2. American Philosophical Society. pp. 13–14.
  5. ^ Peter Peterson, ed. (1892). Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Ulwar. Steam Press. p. 61.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nirṇayāmṛta&oldid=1222161927"