Garmr: Difference between revisions
Undid revision 1224156694 by Milvus Hugues (talk) Popular Culture entries need to have a reference provided and be significant. None of the added entries have references and if a reference cannot be found, it is very likely not significant. |
m Following ||User:MrGoldenfold007|| ruling, an example "in popular culture" got deleted since entries need to have a reference provided and be significant. Which the example did not have since the sole reference linked is about God Of War 2022 (which was broken but is now fixed. someone forgot the "o" of "Ragnarok"). |
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== In popular culture == |
== In popular culture == |
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Garm appears as a boss fight in |
Garm appears as a boss fight in 2022's ''[[God of War Ragnarök]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=God of War Ragnarök - PS5 and PS4 Games |url=https://www.playstation.com/en-us/games/god-of-war-ragnarok |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=PlayStation |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 11:39, 21 May 2024
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Hel_%281889%29_by_Johannes_Gehrts.jpg/220px-Hel_%281889%29_by_Johannes_Gehrts.jpg)
In Norse mythology, Garmr or Garm (Old Norse: Garmr [ˈɡɑrmz̠]) is a wolf or dog associated with both Hel and Ragnarök, and described as a blood-stained guardian of Hel's gate.
Name
The etymology of the name Garmr remains uncertain. Bruce Lincoln brings together Garmr and the Greek mythological dog Cerberus, relating both names to a Proto-Indo-European root *ger- "to growl" (perhaps with the suffixes -*m/*b and -*r).[1] However, Daniel Ogden notes that this analysis actually requires Cerberus and Garmr to be derived from two different Indo-European roots (*ger- and *gher- respectively), and in this opinion does not establish a relationship between the two names.[2]
Attestations
Poetic Edda
The Poetic Edda poem Grímnismál mentions Garmr:
One of the refrains of Völuspá uses Garmr's howling to herald the coming of Ragnarök:
Now Garm howls loud | before Gnipahellir,
The fetters will burst, | and the wolf run free;
Much do I know, | and more can see
Of the fate of the gods, | the mighty in fight.[4]
After the first occurrence of this refrain the Fimbulvetr is related; the second occurrence is succeeded by the invasion the world of gods by jötnar; after the last occurrence, the rise of a new and better world is described.
Baldrs draumar describes a journey which Odin makes to Hel. Along the way he meets a dog.
Then Óðinn rose, | the enchanter old,
And the saddle he laid | on Sleipnir's back;
Thence rode he down | to Niflhel deep,
And the hound he met | that came from hell.
Bloody he was | on his breast before,
At the father of magic | he howled from afar;
Forward rode Óðinn, | the earth resounded
Till the house so high | of Hel he reached.[5]
Although unnamed, this dog is sometimes assumed to be Garmr.[6] Alternatively, Garmr is sometimes assumed to be identical to Fenrir. Garmr is sometimes seen as a hellhound, comparable to Cerberus.
Prose Edda
The Prose Edda book Gylfaginning assigns him a role in Ragnarök:
- Then shall the dog Garmr be loosed, which is bound before Gnipahellir: he shall do battle with Týr, and each become the other's slayer.[7]
In popular culture
Garm appears as a boss fight in 2022's God of War Ragnarök.[8]
See also
Notes
- ^ Lincoln 1991, p. 289.
- ^ Ogden 2013, p. 105.
- ^ Bellows (1923.)
- ^ Bellows (1923).
- ^ Bellows (1923).
- ^ Lincoln 1991, p. 97.
- ^ Brodeur (1916).
- ^ "God of War Ragnarök - PS5 and PS4 Games". PlayStation. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
References
- Bellows, Henry Adams (trans.). 1923. The Poetic Edda. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
- Brodeur, Arthur Gilchrist (trans.). 1916. Snorri Sturluson: The Prose Edda. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation.
- Lincoln, Bruce (1991). Death, War, and Sacrifice: Studies in Ideology & Practice. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-48199-9.
- Ogden, Daniel (2013). Drakon: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Worlds. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199557325.
- Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-34520-5.
- Simek, Rudolf (1996). Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer. ISBN 978-0-85991-513-7.
External links
Media related to Garmr at Wikimedia Commons