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{{Short description|Churches with the liturgy in Church Slavonic}}
{{Short description|Eastern Orthodox tradition related to the Russian Orthodox Church}}
{{About|all Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions of Russian cultural heritage|the Eastern Orthodox Church in Russia|Russian Orthodox Church}}
{{About|Eastern Orthodox traditions related to the Russian Orthodox Church|the Eastern Orthodox Church in Russia|Russian Orthodox Church}}
<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Slavic Orthodox churches|2=Talk:Russian Orthodoxy#Requested move 6 June 2024}}
<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Slavic Orthodox churches|2=Talk:Russian Orthodoxy#Requested move 6 June 2024}}
</noinclude>[[File:Andrey Rublev - Св. Троица - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Trinity (Andrei Rublev)|Trinity]] by [[Andrei Rublev]]|250px|thumb]]
</noinclude>[[File:Andrey Rublev - Св. Троица - Google Art Project.jpg|[[Trinity (Andrei Rublev)|Trinity]] by [[Andrei Rublev]]|250px|thumb]]
[[File:Cross of the Russian Orthodox Church 01.svg|thumb|right|200px|The three-barred [[Russian Orthodox cross|cross of the Russian Orthodox Church]]. The slanted bottom bar represents the footrest, while the top is the titulus (often "[[Jesus, King of the Jews#INRI and ΙΝΒΙ|INBI]]") affixed by the Roman authorities to Christ's cross during his crucifixion]]
[[File:Cross of the Russian Orthodox Church 01.svg|thumb|right|200px|The three-barred [[Russian Orthodox cross|cross of the Russian Orthodox Church]]. The slanted bottom bar represents the footrest, while the top is the titulus (often "[[Jesus, King of the Jews#INRI and ΙΝΒΙ|INBI]]") affixed by the Roman authorities to Christ's cross during his crucifixion]]
{{Eastern Orthodox sidebar}}
{{Eastern Orthodox sidebar}}
'''Russian Orthodoxy''' ({{lang-ru|Русское православие}}) is the body of several churches within the larger communion of [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox Christianity]], whose [[liturgy]] is or was traditionally conducted in [[Church Slavonic|Church Slavonic language]].{{cn|date=June 2024}} Most Churches of the Russian Orthodox tradition are part of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]].
'''Russian Orthodoxy''' ({{lang-ru|Русское православие}}) refers to the theology, religious traditions, and practices related to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Russian Orthodoxy and Secularism|last=Stoeckl|first=Kristina|location=Leiden|publisher=Brill|year=2020|page=5}}</ref>


== Origin ==
== Origin ==
Line 18: Line 18:
| url =https://archive.org/details/greekromanempire00ferg/page/279
| url =https://archive.org/details/greekromanempire00ferg/page/279
}}</ref> However, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]], as a center of power, will gradually lose a significant part of its authority in the eyes of Orthodox believers after the [[Bull of Union with the Greeks|union with Rome]] in 1439. In December 1448, the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] ''de facto'' declared its [[autocephaly]] by instaling [[Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow|Jonas]], a Russian bishop, as [[Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'|Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia]] (with permanent residence in [[Moscow]]) without the approval of [[Patriarch Gregory III of Constantinople]] to replace the pro-union [[Isidore of Kiev]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mospat.ru/en/2014/11/09/news111091/|title=Primacy and Synodality from an Orthodox Perspective|access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.pravenc.ru/text/578250.html |title = ИОНА |access-date = 5 March 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150329181840/http://www.pravenc.ru/text/578250.html |archive-date = 29 March 2015 |url-status = dead }}</ref> After the [[fall of Constantinople]] and the end of the Orthodox-Catholic union, internal problems regarding the status of the Russian Church will result in a [[15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism|division between Greek and Russian believers]] within Eastern Orthodoxy. Having lost its Christian ''[[basileus]]'' after the Turkish conquest, the [[List of Russian monarchs#Grand Princes of Moscow|Moscow rulers]] soon began to consider themselves real ''[[Tsar]]s'' (this title was already used by [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III]]), and therefore, according to them, the center of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] should be located in Moscow, and thus the [[bishop of Moscow]] should become the [[Primus inter pares#Eastern Orthodox Church|head of Orthodoxy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Strémooukhoff|first1=Dimitri|date=1953|title=Moscow the Third Rome: Sources of the Doctrine|journal=Speculum|volume=28|issue=1|pages=84–101|doi=10.2307/2847182|jstor=2847182|s2cid=161446879}}</ref> With some Eastern Orthodox believers calling Moscow the "[[Moscow, third Rome|Third Rome]]", or the "New Rome", the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Church]] gained influence in the orthodox world outside the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|year=1999|isbn=978-0-631-23203-2|editor1-last=Parry|editor1-first=Ken|location=Malden, MA|page=490|editor2-last=Melling|editor2-first=David}}</ref> After this event, a series of doctrinal and liturgical differences would emerge in the Slavic Orthodox world, being cut off from its Greek counterpart. In spite of the end of the schism in 1560, by the mid 17th century the religious practices of the Russian Orthodox Church were distinct from those of the [[Greek Orthodox Church]]. Eventually, [[Patriarch Nikon of Moscow]] would reform the church and bring most of its practices back into accommodation with the contemporary forms of Greek Orthodox worship. This change, however, was rejected by a large group of traditionalists, who would come to be known as [[Old Believers|Old Ritualists]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Raskol|title=Raskol}}</ref>
}}</ref> However, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]], as a center of power, will gradually lose a significant part of its authority in the eyes of Orthodox believers after the [[Bull of Union with the Greeks|union with Rome]] in 1439. In December 1448, the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] ''de facto'' declared its [[autocephaly]] by instaling [[Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow|Jonas]], a Russian bishop, as [[Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'|Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia]] (with permanent residence in [[Moscow]]) without the approval of [[Patriarch Gregory III of Constantinople]] to replace the pro-union [[Isidore of Kiev]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mospat.ru/en/2014/11/09/news111091/|title=Primacy and Synodality from an Orthodox Perspective|access-date=5 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.pravenc.ru/text/578250.html |title = ИОНА |access-date = 5 March 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150329181840/http://www.pravenc.ru/text/578250.html |archive-date = 29 March 2015 |url-status = dead }}</ref> After the [[fall of Constantinople]] and the end of the Orthodox-Catholic union, internal problems regarding the status of the Russian Church will result in a [[15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism|division between Greek and Russian believers]] within Eastern Orthodoxy. Having lost its Christian ''[[basileus]]'' after the Turkish conquest, the [[List of Russian monarchs#Grand Princes of Moscow|Moscow rulers]] soon began to consider themselves real ''[[Tsar]]s'' (this title was already used by [[Ivan III of Russia|Ivan III]]), and therefore, according to them, the center of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] should be located in Moscow, and thus the [[bishop of Moscow]] should become the [[Primus inter pares#Eastern Orthodox Church|head of Orthodoxy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Strémooukhoff|first1=Dimitri|date=1953|title=Moscow the Third Rome: Sources of the Doctrine|journal=Speculum|volume=28|issue=1|pages=84–101|doi=10.2307/2847182|jstor=2847182|s2cid=161446879}}</ref> With some Eastern Orthodox believers calling Moscow the "[[Moscow, third Rome|Third Rome]]", or the "New Rome", the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Church]] gained influence in the orthodox world outside the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|year=1999|isbn=978-0-631-23203-2|editor1-last=Parry|editor1-first=Ken|location=Malden, MA|page=490|editor2-last=Melling|editor2-first=David}}</ref> After this event, a series of doctrinal and liturgical differences would emerge in the Slavic Orthodox world, being cut off from its Greek counterpart. In spite of the end of the schism in 1560, by the mid 17th century the religious practices of the Russian Orthodox Church were distinct from those of the [[Greek Orthodox Church]]. Eventually, [[Patriarch Nikon of Moscow]] would reform the church and bring most of its practices back into accommodation with the contemporary forms of Greek Orthodox worship. This change, however, was rejected by a large group of traditionalists, who would come to be known as [[Old Believers|Old Ritualists]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Raskol|title=Raskol}}</ref>

== Church bodies ==
=== Part of the Eastern Orthodox Communion ===
* Autocephalous churches:
** [[Russian Orthodox Church]]
*** Autonomous Churches (recognized):
**** [[Belarusian Orthodox Church]]
**** [[Latvian Orthodox Church]]
**** [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]]
*** Autonomous Churches (semi-recognized):
**** [[Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate]]
**** [[Moldovan Orthodox Church]]
**** [[Orthodox Church of China]]
**** [[Orthodox Church of Japan]]
*** Exarchates:
**** [[Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe]]
**** [[Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe (Moscow Patriarchate)|Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe]]
**** [[Patriarchal Exarchate in South-East Asia (Moscow Patriarchate)|Patriarchal Exarchate in South-East Asia]]
**** [[Russian Orthodox Church in Finland]]
**** [[Russian Orthodox Patriarchal Parishes in the USA]] (& Mexico)<ref>[https://mospatusa.com/parishdirectory Parish Directory of the Russian Orthodox Church in the USA]</ref>
**** [[Patriarchial Parishes in Canada|Russian Orthodox Patriarchal Parishes in Canada]]
****[[Eastern Orthodoxy in Kazakhstan|Metropolitan District of the Russian Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan]]
****Metropolitan district of the Russian Orthodox Church in Central Asia
***Directly subordinated dioceses outside Russia
****Diocese of Argentina and South America
****[[Diocese of Baku and Azerbaijan]]
****[[Diocese of Berlin and Germany (Russian Orthodox Church)|Diocese of Berlin and Germany]]
****Diocese of Budapest and Hungary
****Diocese of Vilnius and Lithuania
****Diocese of Vienna and Austria
** [[Polish Orthodox Church]]
** [[Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church]]
** [[Orthodox Church in America]] (except [[The Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America|Romanian]], [[Bulgarian Diocese of the Orthodox Church in America|Bulgarian]] and [[Albanian Orthodox Archdiocese in America|Albanian]] ethnical dioceses)
* Churches under the jurisdiction of the [[Patriarchate of Constantinople]] (itself not part of Russian Orthodoxy):
** Autonomous Churches (recognized):
*** [[Orthodox Church of Finland]]
** Autonomous Churches (semi-recognized):
*** [[Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church]]
** Exarchates:
*** [[American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese]]
* Churches with undefined status:
** [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]]
** [[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]]

=== Outside the Eastern Orthodox Communion ===
* Non-[[Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church|canonical]] church bodies, [[schism]] from the Russian Orthodox Church and its autonomous churches:
** [[American Orthodox Catholic Church]] (defunct)
** [[Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]]
** [[Old Believers]]
*** [[Bezpopovtsy]]
**** [[Pomorian Old-Orthodox Church]]
*** [[Popovtsy]]
**** [[Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy]]
***** [[Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church]]
***** [[Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Church]]
**** [[Russian Old-Orthodox Church]]
**** [[Edinoverie]]
** [[Russian True Orthodox Church (Lazar Zhurbenko)|Russian True Orthodox Church]]
** [[Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church]]


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 12:43, 7 June 2024

This redirect is about Eastern Orthodox traditions related to the Russian Orthodox Church. For the Eastern Orthodox Church in Russia, see Russian Orthodox Church.
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The three-barred cross of the Russian Orthodox Church. The slanted bottom bar represents the footrest, while the top is the titulus (often "INBI") affixed by the Roman authorities to Christ's cross during his crucifixion
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Russian Orthodoxy (Russian: Русское православие) refers to the theology, religious traditions, and practices related to the Russian Orthodox Church.[1]

Origin

Historically, the term "Greek Orthodox" has been used to describe all Eastern Orthodox churches, since the term "Greek" can refer to the heritage of the Byzantine Empire.[2][3][4] However, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, as a center of power, will gradually lose a significant part of its authority in the eyes of Orthodox believers after the union with Rome in 1439. In December 1448, the Russian Orthodox Church de facto declared its autocephaly by instaling Jonas, a Russian bishop, as Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia (with permanent residence in Moscow) without the approval of Patriarch Gregory III of Constantinople to replace the pro-union Isidore of Kiev.[5][6] After the fall of Constantinople and the end of the Orthodox-Catholic union, internal problems regarding the status of the Russian Church will result in a division between Greek and Russian believers within Eastern Orthodoxy. Having lost its Christian basileus after the Turkish conquest, the Moscow rulers soon began to consider themselves real Tsars (this title was already used by Ivan III), and therefore, according to them, the center of the Eastern Orthodox Church should be located in Moscow, and thus the bishop of Moscow should become the head of Orthodoxy.[7] With some Eastern Orthodox believers calling Moscow the "Third Rome", or the "New Rome", the Russian Church gained influence in the orthodox world outside the Ottoman Empire.[8] After this event, a series of doctrinal and liturgical differences would emerge in the Slavic Orthodox world, being cut off from its Greek counterpart. In spite of the end of the schism in 1560, by the mid 17th century the religious practices of the Russian Orthodox Church were distinct from those of the Greek Orthodox Church. Eventually, Patriarch Nikon of Moscow would reform the church and bring most of its practices back into accommodation with the contemporary forms of Greek Orthodox worship. This change, however, was rejected by a large group of traditionalists, who would come to be known as Old Ritualists.[9]

See also

Literature

  • Русское православие: вехи истории / Науч. ред. А. И. Клибанов. — М.: Политиздат, 1989. — 719 с. — 200 000 экз. — ISBN 5-250-00246-3.
  • Гордиенко Н. С. Содержание и объём понятия «русское православие» // Вестник Ленинградского государственного университета им. А. С. Пушкина. — 2009. — No. 2. — С. 166–175.
  • Лексин В. Н. Русское православие сегодня // Контуры глобальных трансформаций: политика, экономика, право. — 2018. — No. 4. — doi:10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-65-82.

References

  1. ^ Stoeckl, Kristina (2020). Russian Orthodoxy and Secularism. Leiden: Brill. p. 5.
  2. ^ Boyd, Kelly (August 8, 1999). Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781884964336 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ Edwin Pears, The Destruction of the Greek Empire and the Story of the Capture of Constantinople by the Turks, Haskell House, 1968
  4. ^ Millar, Fergus (2006). A Greek Roman Empire : Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408–450). University of California Press. p. 279 pages. ISBN 0-520-24703-5.
  5. ^ "Primacy and Synodality from an Orthodox Perspective". Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  6. ^ "ИОНА". Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  7. ^ Strémooukhoff, Dimitri (1953). "Moscow the Third Rome: Sources of the Doctrine". Speculum. 28 (1): 84–101. doi:10.2307/2847182. JSTOR 2847182. S2CID 161446879.
  8. ^ Parry, Ken; Melling, David, eds. (1999). The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 490. ISBN 978-0-631-23203-2.
  9. ^ "Raskol".
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