Lord of Milan: Difference between revisions
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| {{small|8 August}} 1295 |
| {{small|8 August}} 1295 |
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| bgcolor=#FFCCCC | [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Ghibelline]] |
| bgcolor=#FFCCCC | [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Ghibelline]] |
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| [[Capitano del popolo|Captain general]]: {{unbulleted list|[[William VII, Marquess of Montferrat|William VII of Montferrat]] (1278{{ndash}}81)|[[Matteo I Visconti]] (1287{{ndash}}95)}}<br/>{{collapsible list|{{bulleted list|1st half 1277: Ponzio degli Amati|2nd half 1277: Aldobrandino Tangentino, Riccardo di Langosco|1st half 1278: Alberto Fontana|2nd half 1278: Raniero Zen|1st half 1279: Antonio da Lomello|2nd half 1279: Lotterio Rusconi|1st half 1280: Gabrino da Tresseno|2nd half 1280: Tommaso degli Avvocati, Giovanni da Lucino| |
| [[Capitano del popolo|Captain general]]: {{unbulleted list|[[William VII, Marquess of Montferrat|William VII of Montferrat]] (1278{{ndash}}81)|[[Matteo I Visconti]] (1287{{ndash}}95)}}<br/>{{collapsible list|{{bulleted list|1st half 1277: Ponzio degli Amati|2nd half 1277: Aldobrandino Tangentino, Riccardo di Langosco|1st half 1278: Alberto Fontana|2nd half 1278: Raniero Zen|1st half 1279: Antonio da Lomello|2nd half 1279: Lotterio Rusconi|1st half 1280: Gabrino da Tresseno|2nd half 1280: Tommaso degli Avvocati, Giovanni da Lucino|1st half 1281: Tommaso degli Avvocati, Federico Tornielli|2nd half 1281: Uberto Beccaria|1st half 1282: Rufino Gotoario, Galoteffio da Cesena|2nd half 1282: Giovanni del Poggio|1st half 1283: Uberto Beccaria|2nd half 1283: Jacopo Sommariva|1st half 1284: Baldovino degli Ugoni|2nd half 1284: Guglielmo Rossi|1st half 1285: Alberto Confalonieri|2nd half 1285: Boezio da Lavello|1st half 1286: Ugolino Rossi|2nd half 1286: Pietro Rusconi|1287: Ruffiniano Beccaria|1st half 1288: Matteo Visconti|2nd half 1288: Jacopo de Jacopi|1st half 1289: Uberto Beccaria|2nd half 1289: Baldovino degli Ugoni|1st half 1290: Baldovino degli Ugoni, Bernardino da Polenta|2nd half 1290: Matteo Visconti|1st half 1291: Uberto Guasco|2nd half 1291: Niccolò Merlano|1st half 1292: Antonio Gallizi|2nd half 1292: Rolando Scotti|1293: Amighetto da Martinengo|1st half 1294: Matteo de Maggi|2nd half 1294: Zaccaria Salimbeni|1295: Enrico Tangentino}}}} |
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| '''[[Matteo I Visconti]]''' |
| '''[[Matteo I Visconti]]''' |
Latest revision as of 17:53, 18 June 2024
The Lord of Milan was a medieval noble title for the dynastic head of state of the city of Milan and surrounding countryside in northern Italy. From 1277 to 1395, the Visconti family held the title, after which they were elevated to Duke of Milan.
Until 1259, Milan was a free commune that elected its own podestà. The Torriani family gained sustained power in 1240, when Pagano della Torre was elected podestà.[1] After Pagano's death, Baldo Ghiringhelli was elected podestà in 1259, but at the end of his tenure Martino della Torre, Pagano's nephew, perpetrated a coup d'état, seizing power for his family and establishing the first Signoria ('Lordship') of Milan.[2]
Signore | Rule | Affiliation | Podestà(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Martino della Torre | 8 September 1259 | 20 November 1263 | Guelph | Captain general: List
|
Filippo della Torre | 20 November 1263 | 24 December 1265 | Guelph | List
|
Napoleone della Torre | 24 December 1265 | 21 January 1277 | Guelph | List
|
During their tenure, the Torriani family, aligned with the French Charles of Anjou (the Guelph faction), began a strong rivalry with the Visconti family, who were aligned with the German Hohenstaufen (the Ghibelline faction).[3] In 1262, Pope Urban IV appointed Ottone Visconti as Archbishop of Milan, to Martino della Torre's disappointment.[4] In 1273, a civil war started between the two families, ending with the Torriani's defeat in the Battle of Desio of 1277, which the Visconti subsequently commemorated with frescoes in the Castle of Angera.[5]
Signore | Rule | Affiliation | Podestà(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ottone Visconti | 21 January 1277 | 8 August 1295 | Ghibelline | Captain general:
List
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Matteo I Visconti | 8 August 1295 | June 1302 | Ghibelline | List
|
In June 1302, Guido della Torre forged a coalition with anti-Visconti cities and marched on Milan, deposing the Visconti.[6] However, in 1308 Guido quarrelled with his cousin, the Archbishop Cassone della Torre. After an assault on Milan Cathedral, Cassone fled to Bologna and solicited an imperial intervention.[7] Taking advantage of a chaotic situation in Northern Italy, King Henry VII of Germany invaded Italy, and in Autumn 1310 he marched on Milan to restore both Cassone and the Visconti. After the fall of Milan, he was crowned King of Italy in the city's Cathedral.[8]
Signore | Rule | Affiliation | Podestà(s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Guido della Torre | June 1302 | 6 January 1311 | Guelph | List
|
Matteo I Visconti | 6 January 1311 | 24 June 1322 | Ghibelline | List
|
Galeazzo I Visconti | 24 June 1322 | 6 August 1328 | Ghibelline | List
|
Azzone Visconti | 6 August 1328 | 16 August 1339 | Ghibelline | List
|
Luchino Visconti | 16 August 1339 | 24 January 1349 | Ghibelline | List
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Giovanni Visconti | 5 October 1354 | |||
Matteo II Visconti | 5 October 1354 | 29 September 1355 | Ghibelline | List
|
Galeazzo II Visconti | 4 August 1378 | |||
Bernabò Visconti | 6 May 1385 | |||
Gian Galeazzo Visconti | 6 May 1385 | 5 September 1395 | Ghibelline | List
|
References
[edit]- ^ Motta, Antonio (1931). "Della Torre". Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian). Treccani.
- ^ Fantoni, Giuliana L. (1989). "Della Torre, Martino". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 37. Treccani.
- ^ Gallavresi, Giuseppe (1906). La riscossa dei guelfi in Lombardia dopo il 1260 e la politica di Filippo della Torre (in Italian). Vol. 6. Arch. stor. lombardo, 4th section.
- ^ Richard, Charles-Louis; Giraud, Jean-Joseph (1822). Méquignon Fils Ainé (ed.). Bibliothèque sacrée, ou, Dictionnaire universel [...] des sciences ecclésiastiques (in French). Vol. 13. p. 301.
- ^ Pagnoni, Fabrizio (2023). "Episcopal Lordship and Political Powers in Northern Italy (Thirteenth–Fifteenth Century)". In Antonetti, Antonio; Riccardo Berardi (eds.). The Various Models of Lordship in Europe between the Ninth and Fifteenth Centuries. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars. p. 295. ISBN 978-1-5275-2908-3.
- ^ Caso, Anna (1989). "Della Tórre, Guido". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 37. Treccani.
- ^ Fantoni, Giuliana L. (1989). "Della Torre, Cassone". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 37. Treccani.
- ^ Jones, Michael (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 6. Cambridge University Press. p. 533.