Lace

Cardinal Godfried Danneels

Lace appliqué and bow at the bust-line of a nightgown.

Lace is a lightweight, openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. Lace-making is an ancient craft. True lace was not made until the late 15th and early 16th centuries. A true lace is created when a thread is looped, twisted or braided to other threads independently from a backing fabric.

Originally linen, silk, gold, or silver threads were used. Now lace is often made with cotton thread. Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber. A few modern artists make lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread.

Types of Lace

There are many types of lace, defined by how they are made. These include:

• Needle lace; made using a needle and thread. This is the most flexible of the lace-making arts. While some types can be made more quickly than the finest of bobbin laces, others are very time-consuming. Some purists regard Needle lace as the height of lace-making. The finest antique needle laces were made from a very fine thread that is not manufactured today.

• Cutwork, or whitework; lace constructed by removing threads from a woven background, and the remaining threads wrapped or filled with embroidery.

• Bobbin Lace; as the name suggests, made with bobbins and a pillow. The bobbins, turned from wood, bone or plastic, hold threads which are woven together and held in place with pins stuck in the pattern on the pillow. The pillow contains straw, preferably oat straw or other materials such as sawdust, insulation styrofoam or ethafoam. Also known as Bone-lace.

• Tape lace; makes the tape in the lace as it is worked, or uses a machine- or hand-made textile strip formed into a design, then joined and embellished with needle or bobbin lace.

• Knotted lace; including Macramé and Tatting. Tatted lace is made with a shuttle or a tatting needle.

• Crocheted lace; including Irish crochet, pineapple crochet, filet crochet and Koniakow lace, .

• Knitted lace; including Shetland lace, such as the "wedding ring shawl", a lace shawl so fine that it can be pulled through a wedding ring.

• Machine-made; any style of lace created or replicated using mechanical means.

History of Lace

References to Lace go back hundreds of years as far back as the Bible in the book of Isaiah. Lace was used by clergy of of the early Catholic Church as part of vestments in religious ceremonies, but did not come into widespead use until the 16th Century.[1] The popularity of Lace increased rapidly and the cottage industry of lace making spread throughout Europe to where most European countries. Countries like Belgium, Russia, Ireland, Spain and others all have their own unique artistic heritage expressed through lace.

In North America in the 19th Century, lace making was spread to the Native American tribes through missionaries. [2]

Gallery

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  White lace is often used in collars and other fabric borders
• 
  Lace of the Royal collection, Belgium
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  Needle Lace borders from the Erzgebirge mountains Germany in 1884, displayed in the Victoria and Albert Museum
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  Armenian needlelace circa 2004.
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  Koniakow traditional laces
• Csetneki lace
  Csetneki lace
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  19th century Irish crocheted lace
• 
  Needle lace

See Also

• Needlework
• Crochet
• Silk
• Bobbin
• Embroidery laces
• Ribbons

External links

• A Renascence of the Irish Art of Lace-making
• International Bobbin and Needle Lace Organisation
• International Old Lacers
• Lace Centre in Bruges, Belgium
• Dutch lace organization
• English lace organization
• German lace organization
• Italian lace and embroidery organization
• Digital Archive of Documents Related to Lace (University of Arizona)
• Australian lace museum
• Antique Bobbin Lace
• Ñandutí, typical lace of Paraguay
• Csetneki Hungarian Lace
• Hungarian Lace
• Irish Lace