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This is a controversial topic, which may be disputed.

Nikola Tesla's dynamic theory of gravity is reported to be Tesla's attempt to formulate a theory relating gravity and electromagnetism, i.e. a unified field theory. No mathematical details of the theory are available, Tesla never published them, and there is no evidence that Tesla ever worked them out besides his own testimony. Because of this, as well as the achievements of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, Tesla's theory is ignored by physicists.

Tesla believed that it is absolutely impossible to convert mass into energy, even after the publication of Einsteins work. Less that a decade later the atomic bombs demonstrated conclusively how wrong he was.

Description

During a 1891 lecture on the structure of the aether and electromagnetism, Tesla stated that there was "an infinitesimal world, with molecules and their atoms spinning and moving in orbits, in much the same manner as celestial bodies carrying with them static charges ...", and, there were independent carriers transmitting "... tensions or electrostatic strains ...". This predated the research of Rutherford, Bohr, and Einstein into the nature of fundamental particles. _[2]

The bulk of Tesla's research into the aether and electromagnetism was conducted between 1892 and 1894, when he was conducting experiments with high frequency and high potential electromagnetism and patenting devices for their utilization. It was completed, according to Tesla, by the end of the 1930s. Tesla claimed that the theory provided an alternative to Einstein's general relativity, explaining gravity as a mix of transverse and longitudinal electromagnetic waves.

On his 81st birthday (July 10, 1937), Tesla released a prepared statement asserting that he had "worked out a dynamic theory of gravity" that he soon hoped to give to the world. Few details were revealed by Tesla about his theory in the announcement, and he died without publishing any further details. Portions of the 1937 statement include:

[The Dynamic theory of gravity] ... explains the causes and motions of heavenly bodies under it's influence so satisfactory that it will put to an end idle speculation and false conception, as that of curved space ... '

Only the existence of a field of force can account for the motions of the bodies as observed, and its assumption dispenses with space curvature. All literature on this subject is futile and destined to oblivion. So are all attempts to explain the workings of the universe without recognizing the existence of the ether and the indispensable function it plays in the phenomena ...

There is no energy in matter other than that received from the environment... It applies rigorously to molecules and atoms as well as the largest heavenly bodies, and to all matter in the universe in any phase of its existence from it: very formation to its ultimate disintegration.

Before the electron theory was advanced, I had established that radioactive rays consisted of particles of primary matter not further decomposable...

... The kinetic and potential energy of a body is the result of motion and determined by the product of its mass and the square of velocity. Let the mass be reduced, the energy is diminished in the same proportion. If it be reduced to zero the energy is likewise zero for any finite velocity. In other words, it is absolutely impossible to convert mass into energy. It would be different if there were forces in nature capable of imparting to a mass infinite velocity. Then the product of zero mass with the square of infinite velocity would represent infinite energy. But we know that there are no such forces and the idea that mass is convertible into energy is rank nonsense._[1]

The statement criticized Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, which had by that time been accepted by the physics community. Until shortly before his death, Tesla refused to accept the notion that energy could be obtained from matter (by atomic fission). Once Tesla reluctantly accepted the faint possibility of such internal energy, he devised an apparatus that would test, for his particle gun, the modern atomic structure theory. Tesla believed, if it was proven correct, that he could ultilize it more efficiently. _{[3; pg. 247; 249]}

vs. Relativity

Tesla derided Einstein's general relativity theory, which explained gravitation as the curvature of spacetime, as "self-contradictory", because

... Supposing that the bodies act upon the surrounding space causing curving of the same, it appears to my simple mind that the curved spaces must react on the bodies, and producing the opposite effects, straightening out the curves. Since action and reaction are coexistent, it follows that the supposed curvature of space is entirely impossible - But even if it existed it would not explain the motions of the bodies, as observed. _[1]

His basic arguments against space being curved by gravitational effects seems to indicate that he failed to understand Einstein's theories. Tesla believed that many scientists substitute mathematics for experiments, and that such "mathematician scientists" would eventually build a structure which had no relation to reality._[4]

The principles of relativity disputed by Tesla have since been confirmed by a wide variety of experiments. For instance, the relativistic relation between mass and energy has been confirmed by the energy demands of modern particle accelerators, and more directly with the observation of particle-antiparticle creation and annihilation (see, for example, Electron-positron annihilation). Effects arising from Einstein's general theory of relativity have also been observed; for instance, general relativistic corrections are required to synchronize the clocks on the GPS satellites with earth-bound ones.

References

[1] : Tesla, Nikola, "Prepared Statement of Tesla". July 10, 1937. (Interview with press on 81st birthday observance; DOC format)

[2] : Seifer, Marc J., "Wizard, the Life and Times of Nikola Tesla". ISBN 1-559723-29-7

[3] : O'Neill, John H., "Prodigal Genius". ISBN 0-914732-33-1

[4] : Tesla, Nikola, "Radio Power Will Revolutionize the World". Modern Mechanics and Inventions, July, 1934.

External links and other references

The Man Who Invented the Twentieth Century: Nikola Tesla, Forgotten Genius of Electricity, Robert Lomas, Headline Book Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0747262659
"Tesla's Dynamic Theory of Gravity". PESWiki, Pure Energy Systems Network Inc.

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |}
-[[Nikola Tesla]]'s '''dynamic theory of gravity''' is reported to be Tesla's attempt to formulate a theory relating [[gravity]] and electromagnetism, i.e. a [[unified field theory]]. No mathematical details of the theory are available. Tesla's testimony, though, stated that he worked them out in complete detail. Tesla never published them. There is no available evidence that he worked them out.  Because of this, as well as the achievements of [[Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein's]] theory of [[general relativity]], Tesla's theory was never accepted by [[physicist]]s.
+[[Nikola Tesla]]'s '''dynamic theory of gravity''' is reported to be Tesla's attempt to formulate a theory relating [[gravity]] and electromagnetism, i.e. a [[unified field theory]]. No mathematical details of the theory are available, Tesla never published them, and there is no evidence that Tesla ever worked them out besides his own testimony. Because of this, as well as the achievements of [[Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein's]] theory of [[general relativity]], Tesla's theory is ignored by [[physicist]]s.
+Tesla believed that ''it is absolutely impossible to convert mass into energy'', even after the publication of Einsteins work. Less that a decade later the atomic bombs demonstrated conclusively how wrong he was.
 ==Description==
-During a [[1891]] lecture on the structure of the [[aether]] and [[electromagnetism]], Tesla stated that there was "''an infinitesimal world, with molecules and their atoms spinning and moving in orbits, in much the same manner as celestial bodies carrying with them static charges ...''", and, there were independent carriers transmitting "''... tensions or electrostatic strains ...''". These principles guided his future research and experiments. This predated the research of [[Ernest Rutherford|Rutherford]], [[Niels Bohr|Bohr]], and [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] into the nature of [[Elementary particle|fundamental particle]]s. <small>[2]</small>
+During a [[1891]] lecture on the structure of the [[aether]] and [[electromagnetism]], Tesla stated that there was "''an infinitesimal world, with molecules and their atoms spinning and moving in orbits, in much the same manner as celestial bodies carrying with them static charges ...''", and, there were independent carriers transmitting "''... tensions or electrostatic strains ...''". This predated the research of [[Ernest Rutherford|Rutherford]], [[Niels Bohr|Bohr]], and [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] into the nature of [[Elementary particle|fundamental particle]]s. <small><sub>[2]</sub></small>
 The bulk of Tesla's research into the aether and electromagnetism was conducted between [[1892]] and [[1894]], when he was conducting experiments with high frequency and high potential electromagnetism and patenting devices for their utilization. It was completed, according to Tesla, by the end of the [[1930s]]. Tesla claimed that the theory provided an alternative to Einstein's [[general relativity]], explaining gravity as a mix of [[transverse wave|transverse]] and [[longitudinal wave|longitudinal]] [[electromagnetic wave]]s.
 On his 81st birthday ([[July 10]], [[1937]]), Tesla released a prepared statement asserting that he had "worked out a dynamic theory of gravity" that he soon hoped to give to the world. Few details were revealed by Tesla about his theory in the announcement, and he died without publishing any further details. Portions of the 1937 statement include:
-: ''The first was a dynamic theory of gravity, which I have worked out in all details and hope to give to the world very soon ...''
 : [The Dynamic theory of gravity] ''... explains the causes and motions of heavenly bodies under it's influence so satisfactory that it will put to an end idle speculation and false conception, as that of curved space ... '
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 :''Only the existence of a [[force field|field of force]] can account for the motions of the bodies as observed, and its assumption dispenses with space curvature. All literature on this subject is futile and destined to oblivion. So are all attempts to explain the workings of the universe without recognizing the existence of the ether and the indispensable function it plays in the phenomena ...''
-:''My second discovery was of a physical truth of the greatest importance. As I have searched the entire scientific records in more than a half dozen languages for a long time without finding the least anticipation, I consider myself the original discoverer of this truth, which can be expressed by the statement: There is no energy in matter other than that [[radiant energy|received from the environment]]. On my 79th birthday I made a brief reference to it, but its meaning and significance have become clearer to me since then. It applies rigorously to molecules and atoms as well as the largest heavenly bodies, and to all matter in the universe in any phase of its existence from it: very formation to its ultimate disintegration.''
+:''There is no energy in matter other than that [[radiant energy|received from the environment]]... It applies rigorously to molecules and atoms as well as the largest heavenly bodies, and to all matter in the universe in any phase of its existence from it: very formation to its ultimate disintegration.''
 : ''Before the [[electron]] theory was advanced, I had established that [[radiation|radioactive ray]]s consisted of [[particle]]s of primary matter not further decomposable...''
-: ''... The [[kinetic energy|kinetic]] and [[potential energy]] of a body is the result of [[motion]] and determined by the [[Product (mathematics)|product]] of its [[mass]] and the [[Square (algebra)|square]] of [[velocity]]. Let the mass be reduced, the energy is diminished in the same proportion. If it be reduced to zero the energy is likewise zero for any finite velocity. In other words, it is absolutely impossible to convert mass into energy. It would be different if there were forces in nature capable of imparting to a mass infinite velocity. Then the product of zero mass with the square of infinite velocity would represent infinite energy. But we know that there are no such forces and the idea that mass is convertible into energy is rank nonsense.''<small>[1]</small>
+: ''... The [[kinetic energy|kinetic]] and [[potential energy]] of a body is the result of [[motion]] and determined by the [[Product (mathematics)|product]] of its [[mass]] and the [[Square (algebra)|square]] of [[velocity]]. Let the mass be reduced, the energy is diminished in the same proportion. If it be reduced to zero the energy is likewise zero for any finite velocity. In other words, it is absolutely impossible to convert mass into energy. It would be different if there were forces in nature capable of imparting to a mass infinite velocity. Then the product of zero mass with the square of infinite velocity would represent infinite energy. But we know that there are no such forces and the idea that mass is convertible into energy is rank nonsense.''<small><sub>[1]</sub></small>
-The statement criticized [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[theory of relativity]], which had by that time been accepted by the physics community. Until shortly before his death, Tesla refused to accept the notion that energy could be obtained from [[matter]] (by [[Nuclear fission|atomic fission]]). Once Tesla reluctantly accepted the faint possibility of such internal energy, he devised an apparatus that would test, for his [[Death_ray#Tesla|particle gun]], the modern atomic structure theory. Tesla believed, if it was proven correct, that he could ultilize it more efficiently. <small>[3; pg. 247; 249]</small>
+The statement criticized [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[theory of relativity]], which had by that time been accepted by the physics community. Until shortly before his death, Tesla refused to accept the notion that energy could be obtained from [[matter]] (by [[Nuclear fission|atomic fission]]). Once Tesla reluctantly accepted the faint possibility of such internal energy, he devised an apparatus that would test, for his [[Death_ray#Tesla|particle gun]], the modern atomic structure theory. Tesla believed, if it was proven correct, that he could ultilize it more efficiently. <small><sub>[3; pg. 247; 249]</sub></small>
 ==vs. Relativity==
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 Tesla derided Einstein's [[general relativity]] theory, which explained gravitation as the [[curvature]] of [[spacetime]], as "''self-contradictory''", because
-:''... Supposing that the bodies act upon the surrounding space causing curving of the same, it appears to my simple mind that the curved spaces must react on the bodies, and producing the opposite effects, straightening out the curves. Since action and reaction are coexistent, it follows that the supposed curvature of space is entirely impossible - But even if it existed it would not explain the [[Celestial mechanics|motions of the bodies]], as observed.'' <small>[1]</small>
+:''... Supposing that the bodies act upon the surrounding space causing curving of the same, it appears to my simple mind that the curved spaces must react on the bodies, and producing the opposite effects, straightening out the curves. Since action and reaction are coexistent, it follows that the supposed curvature of space is entirely impossible - But even if it existed it would not explain the [[Celestial mechanics|motions of the bodies]], as observed.'' <small><sub>[1]</sub></small>
-His basic arguments against space being curved by gravitational effects seems to indicate that he failed to understand Einstein's theories. Tesla believed that many scientists substitute mathematics for [[experiment]]s, and that such "mathematician scientists" would eventually build a structure which had no relation to [[reality]].<small>[4]</small>
+His basic arguments against space being curved by gravitational effects seems to indicate that he failed to understand Einstein's theories. Tesla believed that many scientists substitute mathematics for [[experiment]]s, and that such "mathematician scientists" would eventually build a structure which had no relation to [[reality]].<small><sub>[4]</sub></small>
-Tesla expressed that it was misguided to believe that there is a [[Energy conversion|total conversion]] of mass directly into energy, even after the publication of Einsteins work. Tesla stated that there is no energy in matter other than that which is environmentally received.<small>[1]</small> Less than a decade later, the [[Nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]]s demonstrated [[Mass-energy equivalence|mass-energy equivalency]]. The principles of relativity disputed by Tesla have since been confirmed by interpertations of a variety of experiments. For instance, the relativistic relation between mass and energy has been confirmed by the energy demands of modern [[particle accelerator]]s, and more directly with the observation of particle-antiparticle creation and annihilation (see, for example, [[Electron-positron annihilation]]). Effects arising from Einstein's general theory of relativity have also been observed; for instance, general relativistic corrections are required to synchronize the clocks on the [[Global Positioning System|GPS satellites]] with earth-bound ones.
+The principles of relativity disputed by Tesla have since been confirmed by a wide variety of experiments. For instance, the relativistic relation between mass and energy has been confirmed by the energy demands of modern [[particle accelerator]]s, and more directly with the observation of particle-antiparticle creation and annihilation (see, for example, [[Electron-positron annihilation]]). Effects arising from Einstein's general theory of relativity have also been observed; for instance, general relativistic corrections are required to synchronize the clocks on the [[Global Positioning System|GPS satellites]] with earth-bound ones.
 == References ==

Revision as of 22:04, 26 June 2005

Description

vs. Relativity

References

Further reading

External links and other references