East Sea: Difference between revisions
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'''East Sea''' or '''Eastern Sea''' may refer to: |
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{{Infobox East Asian |
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* [[Sea of Japan]], a marginal sea between Japan, Russia and Korea, called 동해 in Korea. See also [[Sea of Japan naming dispute]]. |
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|title=East Sea |
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* [[East China Sea]], a marginal sea east of China, where it is called ''Dōng Hǎi'' ({{lang|zh-Hans|东海}}/{{lang|zh-Hant|東海}}). |
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|img=Sea of Japan Map.png |
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*[[East Sea (Chinese mythology)]], a sea in Chinese mythology |
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|caption=Map showing the location of the Sea of Japan. |
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* [[South China Sea]], a marginal sea south of China and east and south of Indochina, called {{lang|vi|Biển Đông}} in Vietnamese, meaning "Eastern Sea". |
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|sort=japanese2 |
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* [[Baltic Sea]], called "East Sea" in various languages: see [[Baltic Sea#Name in other languages]] |
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|kanji=日本海 |
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* [[Dead Sea]], a salt lake east of Israel, as used in the Bible (Joel 2:20; Ezek. 47:18). |
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|hiragana=にほんかい |
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* [[Mare Orientale]], Latin for "Eastern Sea", on the Moon. |
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|hepburn=Nihonkai |
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|japanesetext={{Lang-en|Japan Sea}} |
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|koreanname=North Korean name |
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|context=north |
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|hangul=조선동해 |
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|hanja=朝鮮東海 |
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|rr=Joseon Donghae |
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|mr=Chosŏn Tonghae |
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|koreantext={{Lang-en|Korea East Sea}} |
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|koreanname2=South Korean name |
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|hangul2=동해 |
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|hanja2=東海 |
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|rr2=Donghae |
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|mr2=Tonghae |
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|koreantext2={{Lang-en|East Sea}} |
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|cyrillic=Япо́нское мо́ре |
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|romanization=Yapónskoje móre |
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|russiantext={{Lang-en|Japanese Sea}} |
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}} |
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The '''East Sea''' is a [[marginal sea]] of the western [[Pacific Ocean]], bordered by [[Japan]], [[Korea]] and [[Russia]] and is referred to in Korea as the '''East Sea'''. Like the [[Mediterranean Sea]], it has almost no [[tide]]s due to its nearly complete enclosure.<ref name="tides">{{cite web|url=http://www.ssc.erc.msstate.edu/Tides2D/sea_of_japan.html|title=Tides in Marginal, Semi-Enclosed and Coastal Seas - Part I: Sea Surface Height|publisher=ERC-Stennis at Mississippi State University|accessdate=2007-02-02}}</ref> |
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==Physical characteristics== |
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== See also == |
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The East Sea is bound by the Russian mainland and [[Sakhalin]] island to the north, the [[Korean Peninsula]] to the west, and the [[Japan]]ese islands of [[Hokkaidō]], [[Honshū]], and [[Kyūshū]] to the east. |
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* [[East Sea Fleet]] |
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[[Image:Hinomisaki09.JPG|thumb|left|East Sea]] |
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It is connected to other seas by five shallow [[strait]]s: the [[Strait of Tartary]] between the [[Asia]]n mainland and Sakhalin; [[La Perouse Strait]] between the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaidō; the [[Tsugaru Strait]] between the islands of Hokkaidō and Honshū; the [[Kanmon Straits]] between the islands of Honshū and Kyūshū; and the [[Korea Strait]] (genkainada) between the [[Korean Peninsula]] and the island of Kyūshū. The Korea Strait is composed of the Western Channel and the [[Tsushima Strait]], on either side of [[Tsushima Island]]. |
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{{disambig}} |
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* Deepest point: 3,742 [[meter]]s below [[sea level]] |
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[[de:Ostmeer]] |
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* Mean depth: 1,753 meters |
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[[fr:Mer de l'Est]] |
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* Surface area: about 978,000 [[square kilometre|km²]] |
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[[ko:동해 (동음이의)]] |
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[[nl:Oost Zee]] |
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The sea has three major [[ocean basin|basins]]: the ''Yamato Basin'' in the southeast; the ''Japan Basin'' in the north; and the ''[[Tsushima Basin]] (Ulleung Basin)'' in the southwest. The Japan Basin has the deepest areas of the [[sea]], while the Tsushima Basin has the shallowest. |
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[[ja:東海 (曖昧さ回避)]] |
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[[vi:Đông Hải]] |
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On the eastern shores, the [[continental shelves]] of the sea are wide, but on the western shores, particularly along the Korean coast, they are narrow, averaging about 30 kilometres wide. |
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[[zh:东海 (消歧义)]] |
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The Tsushima Warm Current, a branch of [[Kuroshio Current]], flows northward through the Korea Strait along the Japanese shore, and the Liman Cold Current flows southward through the Strait of Tartary along the Russian shore. |
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The East Sea was once a [[landlocked]] sea when the [[land bridge]] of [[East Asia]] existed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9004136266&id=W_Hdu9QrD9YC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=sea+of+japan+landlocked&sig=ZgHV6lie171qNe01EjwpTeeNfOk|title=Pre-Industrial Korea and Japan in Environmental Perspective|author=Conrad D. Totman|first=Conrad D.|last=Totman|date=2004|accessdate=2007-02-02}}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
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The areas in the north and the southeast are rich [[fishing]] grounds. The importance of the fishery in the sea is well illustrated by the [[territorial dispute|dispute]] between South Korea and Japan over [[Liancourt Rocks]]. The sea is also important for its [[mineral deposits]], particularly [[magnetite]] sands. There are also believed to be [[natural gas]] and [[petroleum]] fields. With the growth of East Asian economies, the East Sea has become an increasingly important commercial waterway. |
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==Biology== |
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The last documented observation of the [[Japanese Sea Lion]] (''Zalophus californianus japonicus'') was a sighting of 50 or 60 individuals on Liancourt Rocks in 1951. These animals bred in flat, open, sandy beaches and were indigenous to the Northwest Pacific shores of Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Hunted to extinction by fishermen, there is some disagreement as to whether the Japanese Sea Lion were a distinct species or a subspecies of the [[California Sea Lion]]. <ref name="IUCN">{{cite web|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/41667/all|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Zalophus japonicus|publisher=IUCN|accessdate=2007-02-28}}</ref> |
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==Naming dispute== |
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{{main|Sea of Japan naming dispute}} |
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The name of the water is disputed. North Korea proposes the "East Sea of Korea"<ref name=fofajeffort0303>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/maritime/japan/effort0303.html Efforts of the Government of Japan in Response to the Issue of the Name of the Sea of Japan (1) The 8th UNCSGN], The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan</ref> |
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South Korea proposes the "East Sea",<ref>[http://www.mofat.go.kr/me/me_a009/me_b035/me09_01.jsp Ministry of Foreign Affiars and Trade. East Sea.]</ref> or the "Sea of Korea/Korean Sea" <ref name="momaf">[http://www.momaf.go.kr/eng/intl/eastsea/I_eastsea05.asp Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 2005. The Name East Sea Used for Two Millennia.]</ref> respectively, instead of or as names concurrent with "Sea of Japan". |
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''East Sea'' is the commonly used term to refer to the sea amongst most other countries, and both North Korea and South Korea have advocated for a different name to be used. South Korea has argued that it should be called the "East Sea"; North Korea, the "East Sea of Korea". |
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As a result of Korean objections to the name "Sea of Japan", some [[English language|English]]-language publications refer to it as '''Sea of Japan (East Sea)''', incorporating a version of the Korean name.<ref>[http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/eastsea.htm sea of japan and east sea map information page]</ref><ref>[http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa022402a.htm Sea of Japan vs. East Sea]</ref> On August 27, 2007, the Ninth Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names elected to retain the title of the body of water as "Sea of Japan". F. J. Ormeling, chair of the session, stated, "I encourage the three countries concerned to find a solution acceptable to all of them, taking into account any relevant solutions, or else to agree to differ and to report the outcome of these discussions to the next conference."<ref>[[Kyodo News]], "Despite Japanese efforts, geographic conference backs East Sea name", ''The Japan Times'', 29 Aug 07, [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070829a5.html]</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Geography of Japan]] |
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*[[Geography of North Korea]] |
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*[[Geography of Russia]] |
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*[[Geography of South Korea]] |
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==References== |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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<references/> |
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</div> |
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==External links== |
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{{commonscat-inline|East Sea}} |
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{{wiktionary-inline|East Sea}} |
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{{coor title dms|39|34|55|N|134|34|11|E|type:waterbody}} |
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<!--- Use the DEFAULTSORT magic word to sort this article in all categories ---> |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Japan, Sea of}} |
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[[Category:East Sea| ]] |
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[[Category:Disputed waters]] |
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[[ar:بحر اليابان]] |
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[[ast:Mar de Xapón]] |
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[[zh-min-nan:Ji̍t-pún-hái]] |
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[[bg:Японско море]] |
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[[ca:Mar del Japó]] |
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[[cs:Japonské moře]] |
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[[cy:Môr Japan]] |
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[[da:Japanske Hav]] |
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[[de:Japanisches Meer]] |
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[[et:Jaapani meri]] |
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[[es:Mar del Japón]] |
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[[eo:Japana maro]] |
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[[eu:Japoniako itsasoa]] |
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[[fa:دریای ژاپن]] |
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[[fr:Mer du Japon]] |
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[[fy:Japanske See]] |
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[[gl:Mar do Xapón]] |
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[[zh-classical:日本海]] |
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[[ko:동해]] |
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[[id:Laut Jepang]] |
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[[it:Mar del Giappone]] |
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[[he:ים יפן]] |
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[[ku:Derya Japon]] |
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[[la:Mare Iaponicum]] |
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[[lv:Japāņu jūra]] |
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[[lt:Japonijos jūra]] |
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[[hu:Japán-tenger]] |
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[[nl:Japanse Zee]] |
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[[ja:日本海]] |
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[[no:Japanhavet]] |
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[[oc:Mar de Japon]] |
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[[pl:Morze Japońskie]] |
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[[pt:Mar do Japão]] |
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[[ro:Marea Japoniei]] |
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[[ru:Японское море]] |
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[[simple:East Sea]] |
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[[sk:Japonské more]] |
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[[sl:Japonsko morje]] |
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[[sr:Јапанско море]] |
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[[fi:Japaninmeri]] |
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[[sv:Japanska havet]] |
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[[vi:Biển Nhật Bản]] |
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[[tg:Баҳри Ҷопон]] |
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[[tr:Japon Denizi]] |
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[[uk:Японське море]] |
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[[zh:日本海]] |
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Revision as of 15:05, 29 January 2008
| East Sea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Korean name | |||||||
| Hangul | 조선동해 | ||||||
| Hanja | 朝鮮東海 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Alternative Korean name | |||||||
| Hangul | 동해 | ||||||
| Hanja | 東海 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||
| Kanji | 日本海 | ||||||
| Hiragana | にほんかい | ||||||
The East Sea is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, bordered by Japan, Korea and Russia and is referred to in Korea as the East Sea. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure.[1]
Physical characteristics
The East Sea is bound by the Russian mainland and Sakhalin island to the north, the Korean Peninsula to the west, and the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō, Honshū, and Kyūshū to the east.
It is connected to other seas by five shallow straits: the Strait of Tartary between the Asian mainland and Sakhalin; La Perouse Strait between the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaidō; the Tsugaru Strait between the islands of Hokkaidō and Honshū; the Kanmon Straits between the islands of Honshū and Kyūshū; and the Korea Strait (genkainada) between the Korean Peninsula and the island of Kyūshū. The Korea Strait is composed of the Western Channel and the Tsushima Strait, on either side of Tsushima Island.
- Deepest point: 3,742 meters below sea level
- Mean depth: 1,753 meters
- Surface area: about 978,000 km²
The sea has three major basins: the Yamato Basin in the southeast; the Japan Basin in the north; and the Tsushima Basin (Ulleung Basin) in the southwest. The Japan Basin has the deepest areas of the sea, while the Tsushima Basin has the shallowest.
On the eastern shores, the continental shelves of the sea are wide, but on the western shores, particularly along the Korean coast, they are narrow, averaging about 30 kilometres wide.
The Tsushima Warm Current, a branch of Kuroshio Current, flows northward through the Korea Strait along the Japanese shore, and the Liman Cold Current flows southward through the Strait of Tartary along the Russian shore.
The East Sea was once a landlocked sea when the land bridge of East Asia existed.[2]
Economy
The areas in the north and the southeast are rich fishing grounds. The importance of the fishery in the sea is well illustrated by the dispute between South Korea and Japan over Liancourt Rocks. The sea is also important for its mineral deposits, particularly magnetite sands. There are also believed to be natural gas and petroleum fields. With the growth of East Asian economies, the East Sea has become an increasingly important commercial waterway.
Biology
The last documented observation of the Japanese Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus japonicus) was a sighting of 50 or 60 individuals on Liancourt Rocks in 1951. These animals bred in flat, open, sandy beaches and were indigenous to the Northwest Pacific shores of Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Hunted to extinction by fishermen, there is some disagreement as to whether the Japanese Sea Lion were a distinct species or a subspecies of the California Sea Lion. [3]
Naming dispute
The name of the water is disputed. North Korea proposes the "East Sea of Korea"[4] South Korea proposes the "East Sea",[5] or the "Sea of Korea/Korean Sea" [6] respectively, instead of or as names concurrent with "Sea of Japan".
East Sea is the commonly used term to refer to the sea amongst most other countries, and both North Korea and South Korea have advocated for a different name to be used. South Korea has argued that it should be called the "East Sea"; North Korea, the "East Sea of Korea".
As a result of Korean objections to the name "Sea of Japan", some English-language publications refer to it as Sea of Japan (East Sea), incorporating a version of the Korean name.[7][8] On August 27, 2007, the Ninth Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names elected to retain the title of the body of water as "Sea of Japan". F. J. Ormeling, chair of the session, stated, "I encourage the three countries concerned to find a solution acceptable to all of them, taking into account any relevant solutions, or else to agree to differ and to report the outcome of these discussions to the next conference."[9]
See also
References
- ^ "Tides in Marginal, Semi-Enclosed and Coastal Seas - Part I: Sea Surface Height". ERC-Stennis at Mississippi State University. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
- ^ Totman, Conrad D. (2004). "Pre-Industrial Korea and Japan in Environmental Perspective". Retrieved 2007-02-02.
{{cite web}}: More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help) - ^ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Zalophus japonicus". IUCN. Retrieved 2007-02-28.
- ^ Efforts of the Government of Japan in Response to the Issue of the Name of the Sea of Japan (1) The 8th UNCSGN, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affiars and Trade. East Sea.
- ^ Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 2005. The Name East Sea Used for Two Millennia.
- ^ sea of japan and east sea map information page
- ^ Sea of Japan vs. East Sea
- ^ Kyodo News, "Despite Japanese efforts, geographic conference backs East Sea name", The Japan Times, 29 Aug 07, [1]
External links
Media related to East Sea at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of East Sea at Wiktionary