Jump to content

Darłowo: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 54°25′N 16°25′E / 54.417°N 16.417°E / 54.417; 16.417
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Molobo (talk | contribs)
13,968 edits
Further readings
→‎History: Sophia recveived old-age pension there, but had little political influence
Line 47: Line 47:
In 1352 the construction of the castle began, and cooperation with [[Hansa]] was initiated, with the town becoming a full member of the [[Hanseatic League]] in 1412. In 1382 [[Eric of Pomerania]], later the king of [[Norway]], [[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]], was born in the town. After losing his thrones, he returned to his birthplace and began to expand his duchy and was buried at the St. Mary Church after his death in 1459.
In 1352 the construction of the castle began, and cooperation with [[Hansa]] was initiated, with the town becoming a full member of the [[Hanseatic League]] in 1412. In 1382 [[Eric of Pomerania]], later the king of [[Norway]], [[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]], was born in the town. After losing his thrones, he returned to his birthplace and began to expand his duchy and was buried at the St. Mary Church after his death in 1459.


After Eric's death the town was ruled by duke Eric II of Pomarania-Wolgast.
The town after his death was ruled by Polish noblewomen and widow of Erik, Sophia. A woman of remarkable beauty, she was adored by Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, who regret that due to close ties, he was unable to marry her<ref name="Darlowo"/>. The town authorities note that legends of Zofia's cruelty and supposed visciousness were spreaded by Germans when she angered them by pursuing close and beneficial elations with Poland by Western Pomerania, and by leading a wise policy towards Western Pomerania's self interest<ref name="Darlowo"/>.


Another significant ruler was [[Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania|Bogislaw X]] (1454-1523). He studied under the eye the famous scribe of Polish court [[Jan Dlugosz]]<ref name="Darlowo"/> and married the daughter of Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, Anna<ref name="Darlowo"/>. Under his rule Darłowo experienced its golden age, as intensive trade relations were enjoyed with Poland<ref name="Darlowo"/>.
Another significant ruler was [[Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania|Bogislaw X]] (1454-1523). He studied under the eye the famous scribe of Polish court [[Jan Dlugosz]]<ref name="Darlowo"/> and married the daughter of Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, Anna<ref name="Darlowo"/>. Under his rule Darłowo experienced its golden age, as intensive trade relations were enjoyed with Poland<ref name="Darlowo"/>.

Revision as of 13:24, 7 December 2008

Darłowo
Coat of arms of Darłowo
Coat of arms
Country Poland
VoivodeshipWest Pomeranian
CountySławno
GminaDarłowo (urban gmina)
Area
 • Total19.93 km2 (7.70 sq mi)
Highest elevation
5 m (16 ft)
Lowest elevation
1 m (3 ft)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total14,380
 • Density720/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
Postal code
76-150 and 76-153
Websitehttp://www.darlowo.pl/

Darłowo [Polish pronunciation: [d] Audio file "r" not found] (in full The Royal City of Darłowo: Polish: Królewskie Miasto Darłowo, German: Rügenwalde) is a town at the south coast of the Baltic Sea in Middle Pomerania, north-western Poland with 14,931 inhabitants (2006). Located in Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously a town in Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998).

History

The fist signs of settlement in Darłowo are dated around 8.000 B.C. [1]. After the fall of Celtic culture the area was influenced by contacts with Rome's merchants. Several archeological findings of Roman coins with portaits of Roman Emperors were found around Darłowo.

On the Ptolomeic chart a settlement of the Rugians called Rugium is listed in the vicinity (at the river Grabow).

Already in the 11th century a fortified place named Dirlov or Dirlovo existed at the place where Wieprza River entered the Baltic Sea.

The town of Rügenwalde was founded in 1270 by the Wizlaw II of the Danish Principality of Rügen, at that time also ruler of the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp, but the settlement decayed.[2][3] In May 21, 1312, Rügenwalde was build new and granted Lübeck law by the noble brothers John, Peter, and Lawrence[4] of the Swenzones,[5] vassals of the Brandenburg margraves.[2][6][7]

After a short rule by Brandenburg, the town passed to the Duchy of Pomerania in 1347[8], at that time ruled by the brothers Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V, and Barnim IV of the House of Pomerania dynasty. Bogislaw, son-in-law of king Casimir III of Poland, would become ruler of the area after the partition of Pomerania-Wolgast in 1368. This part duchy was known as Pomerania-Stolp.

In 1352 the construction of the castle began, and cooperation with Hansa was initiated, with the town becoming a full member of the Hanseatic League in 1412. In 1382 Eric of Pomerania, later the king of Norway, Denmark and Sweden, was born in the town. After losing his thrones, he returned to his birthplace and began to expand his duchy and was buried at the St. Mary Church after his death in 1459.

After Eric's death the town was ruled by duke Eric II of Pomarania-Wolgast.

Another significant ruler was Bogislaw X (1454-1523). He studied under the eye the famous scribe of Polish court Jan Dlugosz[1] and married the daughter of Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, Anna[1]. Under his rule Darłowo experienced its golden age, as intensive trade relations were enjoyed with Poland[1].

In 1497 and 1552 the habour of the town, known in German as Rügenwaldermünde, and parts of the town were hit by great storms, which threw ships into the city center, and to the neighbouring Żukowo Morskie[1]. In 1589, 1624, 1648, 1679 and 1722 fires damaged the town. The first lighthouse was built around the year 1715.

After the death of the last Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw XIV in 1637, the end of the contemporary Thirty Years' War in 1648 and the subsequent partition of the Duchy of Pomerania between the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg-Prussia in the Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Stettin (1653), Brandenburg included Farther Pomerania with Rügenwalde in her Pomeranian province. The harbour of Rügenwaldermünde was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War by imperial troops, and was reconstructed by order of King Frederick II of Prussia not before 1772.

During the Napoleonic Wars its inhabitants found employment smuggling British goods to the continent. In 1871 the town, along with Prussia, became a part of the newly constitued German Empire. A railway reached the town in 1878. 289 inhabitants died throughout World War I.

In last democratic elections March 5 1933 58.13% (Germany 44%) valid votes for NSDAP (data for the county) .

Before the outbreak of World War I the town had about 6,000 inhabitants, before the outbreak of World War II about 8000, all of German nationality [9]. During World War II an important firing range operated near the town, on which some of the largest guns in history were tested: Schwerer Gustav and Mörser Karl. Adolf Hitler came to the town a number of times to observe these tests. In early 1945 5 556 individuals were evacuated by ships throughout the Operation Hannibal before Soviet Troops reached the town on March 7, 1945.

During World War II, the Red Army occupied the town. Following the post-war boundary changes, Rügenwalde became Polish. Its German population was expelled[10] [11] [12] and the town was populated with Poles and Ukrainians in 1946/47, who mostly came from regions East of the Curzon demarcation line of 1919. After World War II the town was given the Polish name Dyrłów, and later Darłów, before changing to the current name.

Today the city is well known in Poland as a summer resort. Has the only on Polish coast aquapark with desalted sea water.

Main Sights

  • Castle of Dukes of House of Pomerania- today Regional Museum.
  • Blessed Virgin Mary Church built in 1321
  • Saint Gertrude Church - built in Scandinavian style, first mentioned in 1497
  • Saint George Church - build in Gothic style outside of the city walls
  • High Gate - also known as Stone Gate - build in XIV century, nice remain of the city walls.
Castle of Dukes

Trivia

The German name Rügenwalde was best known in Germany for the production of the Rügenwalder Teewurst in the town; after World War II the production was restarted in West Germany under the old name.

Population

1782: 2 255
1812: 3 136
1852: 5 060
1875: 5 174
1890: 5 296 (including 27 Catholics, 102 Jews)
1910: 5 978
1939: 8 392 [13]

1960: 9 200
1970: 11 300
1975: 12 900
1980: 13 400
2000: 15 600

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e [1] Official page of the city
  2. ^ a b Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, pp.77-80, ISBN 3886802728
  3. ^ Rembert Unterstell, Klio in Pommern Die Geschichte der pommerschen Historiographie 1815 bis 1945, Böhlau, 1996, p.81, ISBN 3412144959
  4. ^ In the "Handfeste" document the brothers call themselves: "Petrus dei gracia comes de Nuwenburg et domines Johannes et Laurentius, felicis memoriae dominis Suensones filii"; in another document of Oct 9, 1313 they call themselves "Petrus, Jasco et Laurencius germani, dicti de Nuwenborch"; cites from Scriptores Rerum Prussicarum: Die Geschichtsquellen der Preussischen Vorzeit bis zum Untergange der Ordensherrschaft[2]
  5. ^ Eberhard Völker, Pommern und Ostbrandenburger, 2000, p.37, ISBN 3784427561
  6. ^ Ingo Materna, Wolfgang Ribbe, Kurt Adamy, Brandenburgische Geschichte, Akademie Verlag, 1995, p.133, ISBN 3050025085
  7. ^ Hans-Friedrich Rosenfeld, Hellmut Rosenfeld, Deutsche Kultur im Spätmittelalter 1250-1500, 1978, p.49, ISBN 3799707131
  8. ^ Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.105, ISBN 3886802728
  9. ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon, Leipzig/Wien: Bibliographisches Institut, editions of 1906 and 1938, respectively.
  10. ^ Manfred Vollack (ed.): Der Kreis Schlawe, Vol. I: Der Kreis als Ganzes, Vol. II: Die Städte und Landgemeinden, Husum 1986/1989.
  11. ^ Alfred-Maurice de Zayas: A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansings of the Eastern European Germans 1944-1950, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
  12. ^ Alfred-Maurice de Zayas: Die Nemesis von Potsdam - Die Anglo-Amerikaner und die Vertreibung der Deutschen, 14th enlarged edition, Munich: Herbig, 2005, ISBN 3-7766-2454-X.
  13. ^ Carlheinz Rosenow: Aus der Heimat Rügenwalde (Kreis Schlawe - Pommern) - Jahrbuch 1987. Glücksstadt 1987 (German)

Further reading

  • „Darłowo zarys dziejów” [Darłowo's Brief History] – L. Walkiewicz and M. Żukowski (pl)
  • „Z dziejów portu nad Wieprzą” [From History of the Harbor on Wieprz River]– L. Walkiewicz (pl)
  • „Darłowo” Józef Staśko Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Krajoznawczego, 1948
  • „200 miast wraca do Polski” Władysław Jan Grabski, Wydawnictwo Zachodnie 1947
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Darłowo.

54°25′N 16°25′E / 54.417°N 16.417°E / 54.417; 16.417


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Darłowo&oldid=256414204"