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{{Fatimah}}
{{Fatimah}}


'''Umar at Fatimah's house''' is an event recorded in [[Shi'a]] as well as [[Sunni Islam]]ic<ref>Muhammad Shibli Numani, ''Umar the Great: the Second Caliph of Islam'', p.92</ref><ref>Etan Kohlberg, ''A Medieval Muslim Scholar at Work'', [http://books.google.com/books?id=2ZSPQyRcIYkC&pg=PA174&dq p.174]</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=zot5IK1csp0C&pg=PA19&dq=umar+fatima+house+burn&lr=</ref> books of ''[[hadith]]'' (traditions) where [[Fatimah]], daughter of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]], was physically abused by the second [[Sunni]] caliph, [[Umar]]. It is believed the event caused her to miscarry her child and eventually led to her death soon after.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=zot5IK1csp0C&pg=PA19&dq=&lr=</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=vGhp8Obm3bgC&pg=PA45&dq=&lr=</ref> Sunni Muslims deny the event occurred.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA573&dq=&lr=</ref>
'''Umar at Fatimah's house''' is an event recorded in [[Shi'a]] (traditions) where [[Fatimah]], daughter of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]], was physically abused by the second caliph, [[Umar]]. It is believed the event caused her to miscarry her child and eventually led to her death soon after.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=zot5IK1csp0C&pg=PA19&dq=&lr=</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=vGhp8Obm3bgC&pg=PA45&dq=&lr=</ref> Sunni Muslims deny the event occurred.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA573&dq=&lr=</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
{{Expand|date=January 2009}}
{{Expand|date=January 2009}}


Following the death of Muhammad, [[Abu Bakr]] and Umar attempted to gain the ''shura'' (consensus) of the community that Abu Bakr should become the ''caliph'' (leader) over the Islamic ''ummah'' (community). According to Shi'a sources, as Ali attended the funeral of Muhammad, Abu Bakr and Umar attained the consensus of the community. As Ali was burying Muhammad, he learned that Abu Bakr had attained communal consensus. Fatimah, Ali, and their supporters maintained that Ali should be the leader over the Islamic community because of Muhammad's [[Hadith of the pond of Khumm|statement at Ghadir Khumm]]. <ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA573&dq=&lr=</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA249&dq=&lr=</ref>
Shia believe that following the death of Muhammad, [[Abu Bakr]] and Umar attempted to gain the ''shura'' (consensus) of the community that Abu Bakr should become the ''caliph'' (leader) over the Islamic ''ummah'' (community). According to Shi'a sources, as Ali attended the funeral of Muhammad, Abu Bakr and Umar attained the consensus of the community. As Ali was burying Muhammad, he learned that Abu Bakr had attained communal consensus. Fatimah, Ali, and their supporters maintained that Ali should be the leader over the Islamic community because of Muhammad's [[Hadith of the pond of Khumm|statement at Ghadir Khumm]]. <ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA573&dq=&lr=</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA249&dq=&lr=</ref>


== Event ==
== Event ==
{{Expand|date=January 2009}}
{{Expand|date=January 2009}}
According to Shi'a historical tradition, Umar threatened to burn Fatimah's house down.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA249&dq=&lr=</ref> After not receiving the ''bayah'' (allegiance) from Ali, he finally came in as she pushed back on the door. The door pushed her against the wall, during which she yelled, "O father, O messenger of God, look at what happened to us after you from Ibn al-Khattab and Ibn Abi-Quhafah!" Umar then stated, "Beat Fatimah," and she was lashed until she bled.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=vGhp8Obm3bgC&pg=PA45&dq=&lr=</ref>
According to Shi'a historical tradition, Umar threatened to burn Fatimah's house down.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA249&dq=&lr=</ref> After not receiving the ''bayah'' (allegiance) from Ali, he finally came in as she pushed back on the door. The door pushed her against the wall, during which she yelled, "O father, O messenger of God, look at what happened to us after you from Ibn al-Khattab and Ibn Abi-Quhafah!" Umar then stated, "Beat Fatimah," and she was lashed until she bled.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=vGhp8Obm3bgC&pg=PA45&dq=&lr=</ref>

Sunni Muslims maintain that the incident did not occur at all, and citing that all historical books whether Sunni or otherwise up to 200 years of Abu Bakr's reign as the first Caliph is non-existent.


== Historical sources ==
== Historical sources ==

Revision as of 16:31, 5 April 2009

Template:Fatimah

Umar at Fatimah's house is an event recorded in Shi'a (traditions) where Fatimah, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, was physically abused by the second caliph, Umar. It is believed the event caused her to miscarry her child and eventually led to her death soon after.[1][2] Sunni Muslims deny the event occurred.[3]

Background

Shia believe that following the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr and Umar attempted to gain the shura (consensus) of the community that Abu Bakr should become the caliph (leader) over the Islamic ummah (community). According to Shi'a sources, as Ali attended the funeral of Muhammad, Abu Bakr and Umar attained the consensus of the community. As Ali was burying Muhammad, he learned that Abu Bakr had attained communal consensus. Fatimah, Ali, and their supporters maintained that Ali should be the leader over the Islamic community because of Muhammad's statement at Ghadir Khumm. [4][5]

Event

According to Shi'a historical tradition, Umar threatened to burn Fatimah's house down.[6] After not receiving the bayah (allegiance) from Ali, he finally came in as she pushed back on the door. The door pushed her against the wall, during which she yelled, "O father, O messenger of God, look at what happened to us after you from Ibn al-Khattab and Ibn Abi-Quhafah!" Umar then stated, "Beat Fatimah," and she was lashed until she bled.[7]

Sunni Muslims maintain that the incident did not occur at all, and citing that all historical books whether Sunni or otherwise up to 200 years of Abu Bakr's reign as the first Caliph is non-existent.

Historical sources

History of al-Tabari

The historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, d. 923 CE, in his Tarikh[8] writes:

Umar Ibn al-Khattab came to the house of Ali. Talhah and Zubayr and some of the immigrants were also in the house. Umar cried out: "By God, either you come out to render the oath of allegiance, or I will set the house on fire." al-Zubair came out with his sword drawn. As he stumbled (upon something), the sword fell from his hand so they jumped over him and seized him."

— al-Tabari, Tarikh

The translator’s commentary on this event provides the following background:

“Although the timing of the events is not clear, it seems that ‘Ali and his group came to know about the Saqifah after what had happened there. At this point, his supporters gathered in Fatima’s house. Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, fully aware of ‘Ali’s claims and fearing a serious threat from his supporters, summoned him to the mosque to swear the oath of allegiance. ‘Ali refused, and so the house was surrounded by an armed band led by Abu Bakr and Umar, who threatened to set it on fire if ‘Ali and his supporters refused to come out and swear allegiance to Abu Bakr. The scene grew violent and Fatima was furious." [9]

Sulaym b. Qays

The book Kitab Sulaym b. Qays al-Hilali, which was written by a companion of 'Ali.[10] It describes 'Umar's attack, and describes how Fatimah, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad, was injured, and allegedly beaten, in the attack, resulting in her miscarriage.[11]

al-Mas'udi

The book Ithbāt al-Waṣīyyah, composed in the third Islamic century[citation needed], is attributed to the historian al-Mas'udi, but this is highly doubted.[citation needed]

The author writes:

They attacked [Ali], burned his door and took him out by force and pressed [Fatima] against the door until she miscarried Muhsin.

He also writes:

While addressing the people Abu Bakr said: “…of the three mistakes that I committed, one of them is that during my time Fatima's house was broken into..” [12]

Ibn Abd Rabboh

Ibn Abed Rabboh, in his book Al-Iqd ul-Fareed[13], writes:

As for Ali, Abbas and Zubair, they stayed in the house of Fatima until Abu Bakr sent Umar to get them out of Fatima's house and told him: if they refuse, fight them. He took a torch to burn the house and Fatima met him and told him: are you here to burn our house? He said: yes, or you enter what the Ummah has entered (i.e swear allegiance).

Tarikh al-Ya’qoubi

“..When Abu Bakr and Umar heard the news that a party of the Ansar and the Muhajirin have gathered with ‘Ali at the house of the daughter of the Prophet, they went with a group of people and attacked the house…” [14]

Shahrastani

Al-Shahrastani d. 1153 CE, documents in his book Al-Milal wa al-Nihal[15]

That a troublesome theologian called al-Naẓẓām (d. 231 AH) "increased his lying deception" and said: {cquote|Umar kicked Fatima's stomach on the day of allegiance until she miscarried and he yelled: "Burn her house and whoever is in it" and in it were Ali, Fatima, al-Hasan and al-Husayn.

References

  1. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=zot5IK1csp0C&pg=PA19&dq=&lr=
  2. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=vGhp8Obm3bgC&pg=PA45&dq=&lr=
  3. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA573&dq=&lr=
  4. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=O84eYLVHvB0C&pg=PA573&dq=&lr=
  5. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA249&dq=&lr=
  6. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA249&dq=&lr=
  7. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=vGhp8Obm3bgC&pg=PA45&dq=&lr=
  8. ^ http://www.almeshkat.net/books/open.php?cat=13&book=620
  9. ^ The History of al-Tabari, Volume IX, The Last Years of the Prophet, p186-187, SUNY Press
  10. ^ http://www.al-khoei.org/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1297
  11. ^ Kitab Sulaym Ibn Qays al-Hilali, Hadith 4, p48-67 (English Translation)
  12. ^ Tarikh al-Mas’udi, Volume 1-2, p 235-236, Nafees Academy, Karachi, Pakistan (Urdu Translation)
  13. ^ ([http://www.al-eman.com/IslamLib/viewchp.asp?BID=195&CID=29&SW=%CA%CD%D1%DE#SR1
  14. ^ Tarikh al-Ya’qoubi, Volume 2, p 199, Nafees Academy, Karachi, Pakistan (Urdu Translation)
  15. ^ [http://www.al-eman.com/IslamLib/viewchp.asp?BID=241&CID=2&SW=%DA%E3%D1-%DD%C7%D8%E3%C9#SR1
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