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'''112''' ('''one-one-two''') is the [[emergency telephone number]] in the [[European Union]] member states, the [[Republic of Colombia]] (South America) and worldwide (on [[GSM]] mobile networks).
'''112''' ('''one-one-two''') is the [[emergency telephone number]] in the [[European Union]] member states, the [[Republic of Colombia]] (South America) and worldwide (on [[GSM]] mobile networks).


In 1991, the European Union established 112 as the universal emergency number for all its member states. All EU countries have already implemented 112 and the number can be dialled free of charge from any telephone or any mobile phone. The GSM mobile phone standard designates 112 as an emergency number, so it will work on GSM phones even in North America where GSM system redirects emergency calls to [[9-1-1|911]] or Australia where emergency calls are redirected to [[000 emergency|000]]. It is one of two numbers (the other being 911) that can be dialed on most GSM phones even if the phone is locked.
In 1991, the European Union established 112 as the universal emergency number for all its member states. All EU countries have already implemented 112 and the number can be dialled free of charge from any telephone or any mobile phone. The GSM mobile phone standard designates 112 as an emergency number, so it will work on GSM phones even in North America where GSM system redirects emergency calls to [[9-1-1|911]] or Australia where emergency calls are redirected to [[000 emergency|000]]. It is one of two numbers (the other being the region's own emergency number) that can be dialed on most GSM phones even if the phone is locked.


The number is now regulated across the EU by the Universal Service Directive.<ref>[http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=32002L0022&model=guicheti Directive 2002/22/EC] of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on universal service and users' rights relating to electronic communications networks and services. Article 26: Single European emergency call number. Official Journal of the European Union, L 108, 24/04/2002, p. 51</ref>
The number is now regulated across the EU by the Universal Service Directive.<ref>[http://europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=32002L0022&model=guicheti Directive 2002/22/EC] of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on universal service and users' rights relating to electronic communications networks and services. Article 26: Single European emergency call number. Official Journal of the European Union, L 108, 24/04/2002, p. 51</ref>

Revision as of 11:41, 21 April 2009

112 (one-one-two) is the emergency telephone number in the European Union member states, the Republic of Colombia (South America) and worldwide (on GSM mobile networks).

In 1991, the European Union established 112 as the universal emergency number for all its member states. All EU countries have already implemented 112 and the number can be dialled free of charge from any telephone or any mobile phone. The GSM mobile phone standard designates 112 as an emergency number, so it will work on GSM phones even in North America where GSM system redirects emergency calls to 911 or Australia where emergency calls are redirected to 000. It is one of two numbers (the other being the region's own emergency number) that can be dialed on most GSM phones even if the phone is locked.

The number is now regulated across the EU by the Universal Service Directive.[1]

Origins

Before 112 became a European and (via GSM) worldwide standard emergency number, it had already served for many decades as the fire brigade emergency number in Germany and Denmark.

This choice of number has the following advantages:

  • A short number is easiest to remember, but since telephone numbers are prefix-free codes, a too short one would waste a large fraction of the number space. A 3-digit number uses only 0.1% of the number space, which is justifiable for an emergency number.
  • Using at least two different digits significantly reduces the risk of accidental calls from numeric keypads. Young children, vibrations, defective keys and collisions with other objects are much more likely to press the same key repeatedly rather than pressing a sequence of different keys. Accidental calls to emergency centres from mobile phones are a particular problem with same-digit numbers, such as the UK's 9-9-9.[2]
  • In the days of rotary dial telephones, using only those digits that require the least motion of a rotary dial (1 and 2) permitted a dial lock[3] in hole 3 to effectively disable unauthorized access to the telephone network without preventing access to the emergency number 112. The same choice also maximized dialling speed.

Implementation

Countries which use the 112 number for emergencies include:

E112

E112 is a location-enhanced version of 112. The telecom operator transmits the location information to the emergency centre. The EU Directive E112 (2003) requires mobile phone networks to provide emergency services with whatever information they have about the location a mobile call was made. This directive is based on the FCC's Enhanced 911 ruling in 2001.

The new eCall project for automated emergency calls from cars is based on E112.

116 115

On a yearly level, the dispatchers in Finland's 112 service receive some 800,000 non-urgent calls. In order to curb this problem, which ties up precious resources, a committee proposes that Finland launch a new telephone number—116 115—for such calls. Calls to this number would also be free of charge.[4]

114 14

The same way that 116 115 would work, Sweden has already introduced a system where less urgent callers can call 114 14 to get connected to the local police-station. Depending on current load and situation, however, the call could potentially be conencted to any station in Sweden. Calls to this number are charged according to the same rates as any other national calls. [5]

113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 1515

In Italy, 112 will redirect to the Carabinieri. Other emergency number exist for other issues, such as 113 (National Police), 115 (Firefighters), 117 (Financial Police), 118 (medical emergency and alpine rescue) and 1515 (State Forestry Department). 114 is used in Denmark for non-urgent calls to the nearest police station. '15' is used in Pakistan for Emergency Services (15 Madadgar).

See also

  • 000 Emergency phone number in Australia.
  • 110 Emergency phone number in Iran.
  • 111 Emergency phone number in New Zealand.
  • 119 Emergency phone number in parts of East Asia.
  • 911 Emergency phone number in US and Canada.
  • 100 Emergency phone number in India and Israel.
  • 999 Emergency phone number in United Kingdom and Ireland (works parallel to European emergency number, 112) and Hong Kong. Formerly used in Poland. Also an emergency number in several non-EU countries.
  • eCall
  • Emergency telephone
  • In case of emergency (ICE) entry in the mobile phone book.

References

  1. ^ Directive 2002/22/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 March 2002 on universal service and users' rights relating to electronic communications networks and services. Article 26: Single European emergency call number. Official Journal of the European Union, L 108, 24/04/2002, p. 51
  2. ^ Mobiles blamed for emergency calls, BBC News, 2000-03-21.
  3. ^ Such locks were commonly used, e.g. "ABUS Telefonschloß T70 für Wählscheiben" in Germany.
  4. ^ "116 115 in, 10 022 out, 112 quieter?". blog.anta.net. 2008-06-12. ISSN 1797-1993. Retrieved 2008-06-12. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Questions and answers regarding 11414 from the swedish police
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