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'''Cross and Cross''' (1907-1942) <ref> [http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F30C16FE3E5E167B93C6AB178AD85F4D8485F9 NY Times- Eliot Cross Obituary] </ref> was a [[New York City]] based [[architecture|architectural]] firm founded by brothers [[John Walter Cross]] and [[Eliot Cross]].
'''Cross and Cross''' (1907-1942) <ref> [http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F30C16FE3E5E167B93C6AB178AD85F4D8485F9 NY Times- Eliot Cross Obituary] </ref> was a [[New York City]] based [[architecture|architectural]] firm founded by brothers [[John Walter Cross]] and [[Eliot Cross]]. Cross and Cross was popularly known as Old New York City Society's architectural firm of choice. <ref name="Hamptons.com Bayberry Land">[http://www.hamptons.com/hamptons_article_magazine_568.htm Hamptons.com Bayberry Land] </ref>


⚫
John Cross studied architecture at [[Columbia University]] and the [[École des Beaux-Arts]] in [[Paris]] and served as the creative half of the partnership, while Eliot Cross focused on the development side of the business, particularly through his role as Chairman of the Board of the real estate development firm of [[Webb and Knapp]], which he organized in 1922. <ref name="nyc.gov">[http://nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/citybankfarmers.pdf NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission, page 3] </ref> Both firms, Cross & Cross and Webb and Knapp, had offices in the Knapp Building, 385 Madison Avenue, previously two buildings combined into one and altered to designs by Cross & Cross in 1923. <ref name="nyc.gov"/>
==History==

⚫
Cross and Cross was known as Old New York City Society's architectural firm of choice. <ref name="Hamptons.com Bayberry Land">[http://www.hamptons.com/hamptons_article_magazine_568.htm Hamptons.com Bayberry Land] </ref> John Cross studied architecture at [[Columbia University]] and the [[École des Beaux-Arts]] in [[Paris]] and served as the creative half of the partnership, while Eliot Cross focused on the development side of the business, particularly through his role as Chairman of the Board of the real estate development firm of [[Webb and Knapp]], which he organized in 1922. <ref name="nyc.gov">[http://nyc.gov/html/lpc/downloads/pdf/reports/citybankfarmers.pdf NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission, page 3] </ref> The two firms shared office space in [[The Knapp Building]] on Madison Avenue. <ref name="nyc.gov"/>
==Overview==
The building commissions of Cross & Cross fell into three general categories: smaller-scaled buildings including private residences, churches, clubs, neighborhood bank branches, and schools; hotel and apartment buildings; and tall office buildings. The firm’s early design work reflects John Cross’s architectural education in the French Beaux-Arts tradition, as at the Church of Notre Dame, at Morningside Drive and West 114th Street, designed in 1914 and modeled on the church of the Invalides, one of the most famous eighteenth-century buildings in Paris. Their designs for other small scale work, and for hotels and apartment buildings, tended to the eighteenth-century English style, either Georgian or Adamesque. Their designs for tall office buildings initially drew inspiration from Classical or Gothic ornamental patterns, but in the late 1920s moved in the general direction of Art Deco.

In the late 1920s, the office buildings of Cross & Cross began to show the influence of modern design. The first to begin to do so was the City Bank-Farmers Trust Company Building, begun in 1929 in a “Modern Classic” style. Two bank, office and storage buildings designed for the Centrum corporation, the real-estate arm of the Central Hanover Bank & Trust, at 271 Church Street and 335 Greenwich Street (both 1930), continued the evolution of their design in a modernist direction. The culmination of this tendency in the work of Cross & Cross came with the RCA Victor Building (1929-31, later known as the General Electric Building) at 570 Lexington Avenue. The building, one of New York’s finest Art Deco skyscrapers, is a designated New York City Landmark.

⚫
===Commissions===
⚫
[[Image:20 Exchange Place Tower 111.JPG|200px|right|thumb|20 Exchange Place]]
⚫
[[Image:IMG 1035 edited.jpg|200px|right|thumb|General Electric Building from the southeast]]


⚫
==Commissions==
*[[1 East 42nd Street]], New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1east42street-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- 1 East 42nd Street] </ref>
*[[1 East 42nd Street]], New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=1east42street-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- 1 East 42nd Street] </ref>
*[[53 Park Place]], New York, NY, <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=53parkplace-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- 53 Park Place] </ref>
*[[53 Park Place]], New York, NY, <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=53parkplace-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- 53 Park Place] </ref>
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*[[Chase (bank)|Chase Bank]] East 57th Street, New York, NY (originally [[Manufacturer's Hanover Trust Company]] branch) <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=manufacturerstrustbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis-Manufacturers Trust Company Building] </ref>
*[[Chase (bank)|Chase Bank]] East 57th Street, New York, NY (originally [[Manufacturer's Hanover Trust Company]] branch) <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=manufacturerstrustbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis-Manufacturers Trust Company Building] </ref>
*[[Church of Notre Dame]], [[Columbia University]], New York, NY <ref> [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/earl/ccm/notredame.html Columbia University Church of Notre Dame] </ref>
*[[Church of Notre Dame]], [[Columbia University]], New York, NY <ref> [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/earl/ccm/notredame.html Columbia University Church of Notre Dame] </ref>
⚫
[[Image:20 Exchange Place Tower 111.JPG|200px|right|thumb|20 Exchange Place]]
*[[City Bank-Farmers Trust Company Building]], 20 Exchange Place, New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=20exchangeplace-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- City Bank Farmers Trust Company Building] </ref>
*[[City Bank-Farmers Trust Company Building]], 20 Exchange Place, New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=20exchangeplace-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- City Bank Farmers Trust Company Building] </ref>
*[[Eglisa De Notre Dame]], 40 Morningside Drive, New York, NY
*[[Eglisa De Notre Dame]], 40 Morningside Drive, New York, NY
Line 27: Line 33:
*Franklin Towers, New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=franklintowers-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis-Franklin Towers] </ref>
*Franklin Towers, New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=franklintowers-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis-Franklin Towers] </ref>
*[[General Electric Building]], 570 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY <ref> [http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID017.htm NYC-Architecture- General Electric Building] </ref>
*[[General Electric Building]], 570 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY <ref> [http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID017.htm NYC-Architecture- General Electric Building] </ref>
⚫
*[[Harriman Building]], New York, NY [<ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=harrimanbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- Harriman Building] </ref><ref> [http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F10B1FFB3D5C14738DDDAD0A94D8415B898EF1D3 NY Times- Harriman Building Sold] </ref>
⚫
[[Image:IMG 1035 edited.jpg|200px|left|thumb|General Electric Building from the southeast]]

⚫
*[[Harriman Building]], New York, NY [<ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=harrimanbuilding-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- Harriman Building] </ref> <ref> [http://select.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=F10B1FFB3D5C14738DDDAD0A94D8415B898EF1D3 NY Times- Harriman Building Sold] </ref>
*[[InterContinental|Hotel InterContinental]], New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=hotelintercontinental-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- Hotel InterContinental] </ref>
*[[InterContinental|Hotel InterContinental]], New York, NY <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=hotelintercontinental-newyorkcity-ny-usa Emporis- Hotel InterContinental] </ref>
*[[The Hewitt School]] 45 East 75th Street, New York, NY
*[[The Hewitt School]] 45 East 75th Street, New York, NY
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*[[The Yorkgate]], New York, NY, <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=streetyorkgate-newyorkcity-ny-usa991 Emporis- The Yorkgate] </ref>
*[[The Yorkgate]], New York, NY, <ref> [http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=streetyorkgate-newyorkcity-ny-usa991 Emporis- The Yorkgate] </ref>


<br \>
<br />
<br \>


==Notes==
==Notes==
<references /></div>
<references /></div>


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cross And Cross (Architects)}}
[[Category:Architecture firms of the United States]]
[[Category:Architecture firms of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in New York City]]

Revision as of 03:39, 7 February 2010

Cross and Cross (1907-1942) [1] was a New York City based architectural firm founded by brothers John Walter Cross and Eliot Cross. Cross and Cross was popularly known as Old New York City Society's architectural firm of choice. [2]

John Cross studied architecture at Columbia University and the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and served as the creative half of the partnership, while Eliot Cross focused on the development side of the business, particularly through his role as Chairman of the Board of the real estate development firm of Webb and Knapp, which he organized in 1922. [3] Both firms, Cross & Cross and Webb and Knapp, had offices in the Knapp Building, 385 Madison Avenue, previously two buildings combined into one and altered to designs by Cross & Cross in 1923. [3]

Overview

The building commissions of Cross & Cross fell into three general categories: smaller-scaled buildings including private residences, churches, clubs, neighborhood bank branches, and schools; hotel and apartment buildings; and tall office buildings. The firm’s early design work reflects John Cross’s architectural education in the French Beaux-Arts tradition, as at the Church of Notre Dame, at Morningside Drive and West 114th Street, designed in 1914 and modeled on the church of the Invalides, one of the most famous eighteenth-century buildings in Paris. Their designs for other small scale work, and for hotels and apartment buildings, tended to the eighteenth-century English style, either Georgian or Adamesque. Their designs for tall office buildings initially drew inspiration from Classical or Gothic ornamental patterns, but in the late 1920s moved in the general direction of Art Deco.

In the late 1920s, the office buildings of Cross & Cross began to show the influence of modern design. The first to begin to do so was the City Bank-Farmers Trust Company Building, begun in 1929 in a “Modern Classic” style. Two bank, office and storage buildings designed for the Centrum corporation, the real-estate arm of the Central Hanover Bank & Trust, at 271 Church Street and 335 Greenwich Street (both 1930), continued the evolution of their design in a modernist direction. The culmination of this tendency in the work of Cross & Cross came with the RCA Victor Building (1929-31, later known as the General Electric Building) at 570 Lexington Avenue. The building, one of New York’s finest Art Deco skyscrapers, is a designated New York City Landmark.

Commissions

20 Exchange Place
General Electric Building from the southeast


Notes

  1. ^ NY Times- Eliot Cross Obituary
  2. ^ a b Hamptons.com Bayberry Land
  3. ^ a b NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission, page 3
  4. ^ Emporis- 1 East 42nd Street
  5. ^ Emporis- 53 Park Place
  6. ^ Emporis- 155 East 72nd Street
  7. ^ Emporis- 405 Park Avenue
  8. ^ Emporis- 720 Park Avenue
  9. ^ NYC-Architecture- The Assisium School
  10. ^ Emporis- Bank of America International
  11. ^ U.S. Library of Congress
  12. ^ Emporis- Central Hanover Building
  13. ^ Emporis-Manufacturers Trust Company Building
  14. ^ Columbia University Church of Notre Dame
  15. ^ Emporis- City Bank Farmers Trust Company Building
  16. ^ Emporis- Federal Office Building
  17. ^ Yorktown, NY
  18. ^ Emporis-Franklin Towers
  19. ^ NYC-Architecture- General Electric Building
  20. ^ Emporis- Harriman Building
  21. ^ NY Times- Harriman Building Sold
  22. ^ Emporis- Hotel InterContinental
  23. ^ NYC-Architecture- ILX Systems
  24. ^ Emporis- McCutcheon Building
  25. ^ Yale University
  26. ^ Emporis- One Sutton Place
  27. ^ Emporis- Park Plaza Apartments
  28. ^ NY Times Obituary- John W. Cross
  29. ^ Emporis- Postum Building
  30. ^ Emporis- Stone & Webster Building
  31. ^ The City Review- Tiffany's
  32. ^ www.travelphotobase.com, photo of building
  33. ^ Emporis- Wiley Building
  34. ^ City Realty
  35. ^ Emporis- The Yorkgate
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