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In Christianity, being born again represents a spiritual and metaphorical rebirth, accepting Jesus as the Messiah and receiving the Holy Spirit. The origin of the term "born again"^[1] is the New Testament: "Jesus replied, 'Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God without being born again.'"John 3:3 It is a term associated with Salvation in Christianity.

Origin

According to John 3:5, Jesus originated the term "born again" (alternately translated "born from above") while teaching Nicodemus, a rabbi of the Jewish sect known as the Pharisees. The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of salvation was that being rooted in "the seed of Abraham" referred to physical (genetic) lineage from Abraham. A controversy existed in the primitive Church over the interpretation of the expression "the seed of Abraham". "It is the Apostle Paul's teaching in one instance that all who are Christ's by faith are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to promise. He is concerned, however, with the fact that the promise is not being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews).^[2] Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must have two births—the natural birth of the physical body, the other of the regenerated spirit.^[3] Jesus' discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ.

The Apostle Peter further reinforced this understanding.1 Peter 1:23

Jesus Christ used the "birth" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine beginning. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from above" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen.^[4] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is significant:

The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attention to the source of the "newness of life." Stagg writes that the word "again" does not include the source of the new kind of beginning
More than personal improvement is needed. "...a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."^[5]

Recent public stances

In recent history, born again is a term that has been widely associated with the Evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, first in the United States and then later around the world. Associated perhaps initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born again came to refer to an intense conversion experience, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers. By the mid 1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the Born Again Movement.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson's book Born Again gained international notice. TIME magazine named him "One of the 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America."^[6] The term was sufficiently prevalent that during the year's Presidential campaign Jimmy Carter described himself as born again, notably in the first Playboy magazine interview of a U.S. Presidential candidate. Modern musicians Rev. Little Richard Penniman,^[7] Mark Farner, Dan Peek, Donna Summer, Bob Dylan,^[8] Kerry Livgren, Dave Hope, Dave Mustaine, Nicko McBrain, Roger McGuinn, Johnny Cash, Brian Welch, Keith Farley, Cliff Richard, Randy Travis, Alice Cooper and Lou Gramm^[9] were artists whose born again conversions had an impact on modern culture. Others such as James Cash Penney, founder of Chick-fil-A Truett Cathy, wrestlers Shawn Michaels and Sting, Jesse McCartney, Charlie Daniels, and Mr. T are also mentioned as being born again. Former Alabama governor and U.S. presidential candidate George Wallace became born again in the late 70s, which led him to apologize for his earlier segregationist views.

From Watergate conspirator to Born-again Christian

In his book Born Again (1976 and 2008), Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson describes his path to faith in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant role in solidifying "Born Again" identity as a cultural construct in the U.S.

He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal encounter with God." While this is Colson's testimony of his own encounter with Jesus Christ, it is not to imply that any certain pattern or model must be followed by others seeking a "Born Again" salvation relationship with Jesus. There is no formula for what to say nor certain experience to be anticipated. It is one's own way of professing faith in Christ as "savior", placing the whole of one's trust in Christ for eternal salvation.

...while I sat alone staring at the sea I love, words I had not been certain I could understand or say fell from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept You. Please come into my life. I commit it to You." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more: strength and serenity, a wonderful new assurance about life, a fresh perception of myself in the world around me. In the process, I felt old fears, tensions and animosities training away. I was coming alive to things I'd never seen before; as if God was filling the barren void I'd known for so many months, filling it to its brim with a whole new kind of awareness.... I could not possibly in my wildest dreams have imagined what it would involve. How fortunate it is that God does not allow us to see into the future.
— Charles Colson^[10]^: pp.142-3

Secular uses of the term

The term born-again was originally confined to the context of evangelical Christianity, to mean "converted", hence a born-again believer. Because of the recent popularization of that term in society at large stemming from its Christian roots, it is now often used generally to refer to a conversion to any cause or belief, particularly when accompanied by extreme enthusiasm or fervour, such as a born-again conservationist.^[1]

Names inspired by the term

The idea of being "born again in Christ" inspired some common European forenames: French René/Renée (also used in the Netherlands), Italian and Spanish Renato, Latin Renatus/Renata, which all mean "reborn", "born again".

References

^ ^a ^b "born-again." Good Word Guide. London: A&C Black, 2007. Credo Reference. 30 July 2009
^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 Nov. 2009 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12453a.htm>.
^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 9780554891088.
^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. July 30, 2009. Online: http://www.searchgodsword.org/lex/grk/view.cgi?number=509
^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6
^ http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050207/photoessay/5.html The 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America.
^ White, Charles (2003), p. 83 (see text under photo on opposite page). The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
^ Cott (ed.), Dylan on Dylan: The Essential Interviews, 279–285
^ http://www.cbn.com/media/player/index.aspx?s=/vod/AL24v2_WS
^ Colson, Charles W. Born Again. Chosen Books (Baker Publishing), 2008.

External links

[GoodWord-1] "born-again." Good Word Guide. London: A&C Black, 2007. Credo Reference. 30 July 2009

[2] Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 Nov. 2009 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12453a.htm>.

[3] Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 9780554891088.

[4] The New Testament Greek Lexicon. July 30, 2009. Online: http://www.searchgodsword.org/lex/grk/view.cgi?number=509

[5] Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6

[6] ttp://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050207/photoessay/5.html The 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America.

[whitep83-7] White, Charles (2003), p. 83 (see text under photo on opposite page). The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.

[8] Cott (ed.), Dylan on Dylan: The Essential Interviews, 279–285

[9] ttp://www.cbn.com/media/player/index.aspx?s=/vod/AL24v2_WS

[10] Colson, Charles W. Born Again. Chosen Books (Baker Publishing), 2008.

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 {{quotation|...while I sat alone staring at the sea I love, words I had not been certain I could understand or say fell from my lips: "'''Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept You. Please come into my life. I commit it to You.'''"  With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more: strength and serenity, a wonderful new assurance about life, a fresh perception of myself in the world around me.  In the process, I felt old fears, tensions and animosities training away.  I was coming alive to things I'd never seen before; as if God was filling the  barren void I'd known for so many months, filling it to its brim with a whole new kind of awareness....  I could not possibly in my wildest dreams have imagined what it would involve.  How fortunate it is that God does not allow us to see into the future.|Charles Colson<ref>Colson, Charles W. ''Born Again.'' Chosen Books (Baker Publishing), 2008.</ref>{{rp|pp.142-3}}}}
-== Born again and security ==
-A Bible verse with debated implications for the Born-again doctrine is {{Bibleref2|Hebrews|6:4-6}}. The passage is understood  by some to mean that "falling away" from an active commitment to Christ may cause one to lose their  salvation, after they have been "born again":
-{{quotation|For in the case of those who  have once been enlightened and have tasted of the heavenly gift and have  been made partakers of the Holy Spirit, and have tasted the good word  of God and the powers of the age to come, and then have fallen away, it  is impossible to renew them again to repentance, since they again  crucify to themselves the Son of God, and put Him to open shame. For  ground that drinks the rain which often falls upon it and brings forth  vegetation useful to those for whose sake it is also tilled, receives a  blessing from God; but if it yields thorns and thistles, it is worthless  and close to being cursed, and it ends up being burned.|{{Bibleref2|Hebrews|6:4-8}}}}
-This  is said by some<ref name="Does it  mean"/> to be one of the Bible's most difficult passages to  interpret. However, three conservative Bible scholars do not believe the  passage refers to a truly "Born Again" Christian losing salvation.
-* One  interpretation holds that this passage is written not about Christians  but about unbelievers who are convinced of the basic truths of the  gospel but who have not placed their faith in Jesus Christ as Savior.  They are intellectually persuaded but spiritually uncommitted. The  phrase "once enlightened”{{Bibleref2c-nb|Hebrews|6:4}} may refer to some level of  instruction in biblical truth. "...have tasted the good word of God and  the powers of the age to come, and then have fallen away..." could be a  reference to those who have tasted the truth about Jesus but, not having  come all the way to faith, fall away from even the revelation they have  been given. The tasting of truth is not enough to keep them from  falling away from it. They must come all the way to Christ in complete  repentance and faith.<ref name="Does it  mean">"Does Hebrews 6:4-6 mean we can lose our salvation?" Got Questions  Ministries. Oct. 10, 2009.</ref>
-* A second  interpretation holds that this passage is written about Christians, and  that the phrases "partakers of the Holy Ghost", "enlightened", and  "tasted of the heavenly gift" are all descriptions of true believers.  Some passages, including {{Bibleref2|Hebrews|6:4-6}} and {{Bibleref2-nb|Hebrews|10:23-31}},  are taken by some to suggest that a 'saved' person can lose their  salvation. Others see them as severe warnings which do not include the  loss of salvation, but in many cases fiery judgment for those who were  never saved and only playing at Christianity.<ref>Herrick, Greg. "Assurance of Eternal  Security." Bible.org. Oct. 10, 2009. <http://bible.org/seriespage/salvation-what-does-it-mean-be-restored-god></ref>
-*Finally,  theologian David DeSilva writes that "Many interpreters are driven to  treat this passage as either a 'problem passage' or crux for a specific  theological or ideological conviction."<ref  name="DeSilva">DeSilva, David A. "Hebrews 6:4-8: A Socio-rhetorical  Investigation (Part 1)", ''Tyndale Bulletin''’  50.1 (1999) 33-57.</ref>  DeSilva agrees that the passage cannot refer to "saved" individuals  since the author of [[Book of Hebrews|Hebrews]] views ''salvation''  as the deliverance and reward that awaits the faithful at the return of  Christ. Those who have trusted God's promise and Jesus' mediation are  "those who are about to inherit salvation' which comes at Christ's  second coming.{{bibleref2c|Heb|9:28}} He believes the passage refers  to people who have received God's gifts, who have benefited from God's  generosity ([[grace]]).  DeSilva urges perseverance to the end of the journey begun at their  conversion and baptism.
 ==Secular uses of the term==