Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride: Difference between revisions
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| Formula = C<sub>40</sub>H<sub>30</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>N<sub>10</sub>O<sub>6</sub> |
| Formula = C<sub>40</sub>H<sub>30</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>N<sub>10</sub>O<sub>6</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 817.64 g/mol |
| MolarMass = 817.64 g/mol |
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| Appearance = |
| Appearance = yellow crystalline powder |
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| Density = |
| Density = |
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| MeltingPt = |
| MeltingPt = 200°C |
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| BoilingPt = |
| BoilingPt = |
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| Solubility = |
| Solubility = |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = may be reactive based on presence of tetrazole group, nitro group and contiguous nitrogen atoms |
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| MainHazards = |
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| FlashPt = |
| FlashPt = not available |
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| Autoignition = |
| Autoignition = |
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| LD50 = 2gm/kg |
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Revision as of 16:26, 25 August 2010
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| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
3D model (JSmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.517 |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C40H30Cl2N10O6 | |
| Molar mass | 817.64 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow crystalline powder |
| Melting point | 200°C |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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may be reactive based on presence of tetrazole group, nitro group and contiguous nitrogen atoms |
| Flash point | not available |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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2gm/kg |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nitro blue tetrazolium is a chemical compound composed of two tetrazole moieties. It is used in immunology for sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase (with BCIP). NBT serves as the oxidant and BCIP is the AP-substrate (and gives also dark blue dye).
Clinical significance
In immunohistochemistry the alkaline phosphatase is often used as a marker, conjugated to an antibody. The colored product can either be of the NBT/BCIP reaction reveals where the antibody is bound, or can be used in immunofluorescence.[1]
The NBT/BCIP reaction is also used for colorimetric/spectrophotometric activity assays of oxidoreductases. One application is in activity stains in gel electrophoresis, such as with the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes.[2]
Nitro blue tetrazolium is used in a diagnostic test,[3] particularly for chronic granulomatous disease and other diseases of phagocyte function. A disease where there is a defect in NADPH oxidase, therefore the phagocyte is unable to make the reactive oxygen species or radicals required for bacterial killing and results in bacteria thriving within the phagocyte.[4]
References
- ^ Trinh le A, McCutchen MD, Bonner-Fraser M, Fraser SE, Bumm LA, McCauley DW (2007). "Fluorescent in situ hybridization employing the conventional NBT/BCIP chromogenic stain". BioTechniques. 42 (6): 756–9. doi:10.2144/000112476. PMID 17612300.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Nisimoto Y, Wilson E, Heyl BL, Lambeth JD (5 January 1986). "NADH dehydrogenase from bovine neutrophil membranes. Purification and properties". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1): 285–90. PMID 3941077.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Freeman, R (1972). "Technique for the performance of the nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) test". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 25 (10): 912–914. doi:10.1136/jcp.25.10.912. PMC 477548. PMID 4119008.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Nathan DG, Baehner RL, Weaver DK (1969). "Failure of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the phagocytic vacuoles of leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease". J. Clin. Invest. 48 (10): 1895–904. doi:10.1172/JCI106156. PMC 322426. PMID 5387730.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)