Rebel Without a Pause

"Rebel Without a Pause"
Song
B-side	"Sophisticated Bitch"

Rebel Without a Pause is a single by hip hop group Public Enemy from their groundbreaking 1988 album, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back.

History

"Rebel Without A Pause" was the first song created for the landmark hip hop album It Takes A Nation Of Millions To Hold Us Back. The group had recently finished a tour with fellow Def Jam artists LL Cool J, Eric B. & Rakim, among others and according to Chuck D. felt that their prior album Yo! Bum Rush The Show was already dated, as production innovations had occurred during the albums' release that he felt made it sound like a timestamp of 1986. Chuck D and Bomb Squad leader Hank Shocklee wanted to push the innovation in hip hop instead of follow it and decided one key idea to separate themselves from other hip hop acts was to speed the BPM of the beats. Chuck D said in an interview "Most rap records at the time had a BPM of 98 BPM. Our stuff was around 109." They had experimented with faster beats at concerts and loved the added energy it gave the crowd so decided they wanted to make a record to capture their live energy.

Shocklee got the idea to sample a trumpet glissando from The J.B.'s "The Grunt" song. He had a Mirage sampler that was only able to hold 4bits (or 3 seconds) worth of audio to create his demo to give to Chuck to write his rhymes. When they got to a studio and had a superior sampler, the S-900 that held 30 seconds of audio, they felt it took away the impact of the Mirage sample, which forced in a second of delay before the sample reloaded as opposed to the endless loop the studio's sampler gave, and decided to go with it instead. The Bomb Squad could not find a drum sample they felt was adequate for what they wanted to create, so they instead had Flavor Flav, who was the best drummer of the group, play an original beat on their electronic drum instead. Chuck D wrote the rhymes in less than a day and took 3 takes before he was happy with his performance in the studio. Originally Public Enemy's longtime musical associate Johnny Juice was going to come in to record the scratching, but Public Enemy's live DJ Terminator X asked if they'd give him a chance to scratch on the song because he had some ideas for it and scratched out the famous "Rock And Roll" sample, which was dubbed "The Transformers Scratch" (taken from the belief that the scratch sounded like the noises the robots on the Transformers cartoon made when they transformed.) Shocklee made the final mix with Steve Ett and upon hearing the finished product, Chuck D announced, "I could die tomorrow. Because that record right there? Nothing could fucking go nowhere near it."

The song was certified as an instant classic by music critics and fans upon its release. Shocklee remembers knowing it was going to be a hit when he saw the reaction from the live crowds. "Public Enemy was performing, and they went halfway through the set. And halfway through the set Rebel came on. And I saw kids just running in the (Madison Square) Garden just like kids stealing their chains and shit, alright, because that was the highball, that was like the – the scene was a fight breaking out on the floor. But there wasn’t no fight, that was just the energy."

Samples

• "The Grunt" by The J.B.'s
• "Funky Drummer" & "Get Up Offa That Thing" by James Brown
• "I Don't Know What This World Is Coming To" by The Soul Children
• "Rock 'N Roll Dude" by Chubb Rock

In popular culture

The song is featured in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas on the classic hip-hop station, Playback FM, as is "The Grunt" on Master Sounds 98.3.