Western European Summer Time: Difference between revisions
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Western European Summer Time is also known by other names: |
Western European Summer Time is also known by other names: |
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* '''[[British Summer Time]]''' ('''BST''') in the [[United Kingdom]]. |
* '''[[British Summer Time]]''' ('''BST''') in the [[United Kingdom]]. |
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* '''Irish Standard Time''' ('''IST''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acts.ie/en.act.1968.0023.1.html |title=STANDARD TIME ACT, 1968}}</ref> ({{lang|ga|''Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann''}} (ACÉ)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acts.ie/ga.act.1968.0023.1.html |title=AN tACHT UM AM CAIGHDEÁNACH, 1968}}</ref>) in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. Also sometimes erroneously referred to as "Irish Summer Time" ({{lang|ga|''Am Samhraidh na hÉireann''}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/library/abbreviations/timezones/eu/ist.html|title=timeanddate.com webpage erroneuously referring to IST as "Irish Summer Time"|accessdate=2009-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/Astrophysics/news.php|title=Example of [[Trinity College, Dublin]] using the term "Irish Summer Time"|publisher=[[Trinity College, Dublin]]|accessdate=2009-08-27}}</ref> |
* '''[[Irish Standard Time]]''' ('''IST''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acts.ie/en.act.1968.0023.1.html |title=STANDARD TIME ACT, 1968}}</ref> ({{lang|ga|''Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann''}} (ACÉ)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acts.ie/ga.act.1968.0023.1.html |title=AN tACHT UM AM CAIGHDEÁNACH, 1968}}</ref>) in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]. Also sometimes erroneously referred to as "Irish Summer Time" ({{lang|ga|''Am Samhraidh na hÉireann''}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/library/abbreviations/timezones/eu/ist.html|title=timeanddate.com webpage erroneuously referring to IST as "Irish Summer Time"|accessdate=2009-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/Astrophysics/news.php|title=Example of [[Trinity College, Dublin]] using the term "Irish Summer Time"|publisher=[[Trinity College, Dublin]]|accessdate=2009-08-27}}</ref> |
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The scheme runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year. At both the start and end of the schemes, clock changes take place at 01:00 [[UTC]]. During the winter, [[Greenwich Mean Time]] ([[UTC+0]]) is used. |
The scheme runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year. At both the start and end of the schemes, clock changes take place at 01:00 [[UTC]]. During the winter, [[Greenwich Mean Time]] ([[UTC+0]]) is used. |
Revision as of 01:44, 7 October 2010
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg/300px-Time_zones_of_the_Greater_Europe.svg.png)
Light Blue | Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) |
Blue | Western European Time / Greenwich Mean Time (UTC) |
Western European Summer Time / British Summer Time / Irish Standard Time (UTC+1) | |
Red | Central European Time (UTC+1) |
Central European Summer Time (UTC+2) | |
Yellow | Eastern European Time / Kaliningrad Time (UTC+2) |
Ochre | Eastern European Time (UTC+2) |
Eastern European Summer Time (UTC+3) | |
Green | Moscow Time / Turkey Time (UTC+3) |
Turquoise | Armenia Time / Azerbaijan Time / Georgia Time / Samara Time (UTC+4) |
▉▉▉ Dark colours: Summer time observed
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2008) |
Western European Summer Time (WEST) is a summer daylight saving time scheme, 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in the following places:
- the Canary Islands
- the Faroe Islands
- Ireland
- the Crown dependencies
- the Madeira islands
- Continental Portugal
- the United Kingdom
Western European Summer Time is also known by other names:
- British Summer Time (BST) in the United Kingdom.
- Irish Standard Time (IST)[1] ([Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (ACÉ)[2]) in Ireland. Also sometimes erroneously referred to as "Irish Summer Time" ([Am Samhraidh na hÉireann] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)).[3][4]
The scheme runs from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year. At both the start and end of the schemes, clock changes take place at 01:00 UTC. During the winter, Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) is used.
The start and end dates of the scheme are somewhat asymmetrical in terms of daylight hours: the vernal time of year with a similar amount of daylight to late October is mid-February, well before the start of summer time. The asymmetry reflects temperature more than the length of daylight.
Usage
The following countries and territories use Western European Summer Time during the summer, between 1:00 UTC on the last Sunday of March and 1:00 UTC on the last Sunday of October.
- Canary Islands, regularly since 1980 (rest of Spain is CEST, i.e. UTC+2)
- Faroe Islands, regularly since 1981
- Ireland
- 1916–1939 summers IST
- 1940–1946 all year IST
- 1947–1968 summers IST
- 1968–1971 all year IST
- 1972— summers IST
- Portugal
- The United Kingdom
- 1916–1939 summers BST
- 1940–1945 all year BST (1941–1945 summers BDST=BST+1)
- 1946 summer BST
- 1947 summer BST (1947 summer BDST=BST+1)
- 1948–1968 summers BST
- 1968–1971 all year BST
- 1972— summers BST
Ireland
The Standard Time Act 1968 [5] stipulated that standard time is UTC+1 (CET) and from 1968 clocks were not turned back one hour during winter. The subsequent Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 [6] effectively reversed this, and from 1971 returned winter time to UTC+0 (Western European Time), it did not however change the names of the Irish summer time zone, which are still, officially, Irish Standard Time (IST) and Am Caighdeánach na hÉireann (ACÉ).
Portugal
Portugal moved to Central European Time and Central European Summer Time in 1992, but reverted to Western European Time in 1996 after concluding that energy savings were small, it had a disturbing effect on children's sleeping habits as it would not get dark until 22:00 or 22:30 in summer evenings with repercussions on standards of learning and school performance, and insurance companies reported a rise in the number of accidents.[7]
United Kingdom
Starting in 1916, the dates for the beginning and end of BST each year were mandated by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In February 2002, the Summer Time Order 2002[8] permanently changed the dates and times to match European rules for moving to and from daylight saving time.
Start and end dates of British Summer Time and Irish Standard Time
Summer | Begins (GMT) | Ends (GMT) | UK Notes | Ireland Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 30 October 01:00 | ||
2010 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 31 October 01:00 | ||
2009 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
2008 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
2007 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
2006 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 29 October 01:00 | ||
2005 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 30 October 01:00 | ||
2004 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 31 October 01:00 | ||
2003 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
2002 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | EU adopts UK practice[8][9] | EU adopts Ireland Practice [9][10] |
2001 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
2000 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 29 October 01:00 | ||
1999 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 31 October 01:00 | ||
1998 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1997 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
1996 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | ||
1995 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 22 October 01:00 | ||
1994 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 23 October 01:00 | ||
1993 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 24 October 01:00 | ||
1992 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1991 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | ||
1990 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
1989 | Sun 26 March 01:00 | Sun 29 October 01:00 | ||
1988 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 23 October 01:00 | ||
1987 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1986 | Sun 30 March 01:00 | Sun 26 October 01:00 | ||
1985 | Sun 31 March 01:00 | Sun 27 October 01:00 | ||
1984 | Sun 25 March 01:00 | Sun 28 October 01:00 | ||
1983 | Sun 27 March 01:00 | Sun 23 October 01:00 | ||
1982 | Sun 28 March 01:00 | Sun 24 October 01:00 | ||
1981 | Sun 29 March 01:00 | Sun 25 October 01:00 | ||
1980 | Sun 16 March 02:00 | Sun 26 October 02:00 | ||
1979 | Sun 18 March 02:00 | Sun 28 October 02:00 | ||
1978 | Sun 19 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1977 | Sun 20 March 02:00 | Sun 23 October 02:00 | ||
1976 | Sun 21 March 02:00 | Sun 24 October 02:00 | ||
1975 | Sun 16 March 02:00 | Sun 26 October 02:00 | ||
1974 | Sun 17 March 02:00 | Sun 27 October 02:00 | ||
1973 | Sun 18 March 02:00 | Sun 28 October 02:00 | ||
1972 | Sun 19 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1971 | Sun 31 October 02:00 | BST all year ends | IST all year ends | |
1970 | BST all year | IST all year | ||
1969 | BST all year | IST all year | ||
1968 | Sun 18 February 01:00 | BST all year begins | IST all year begins | |
1967 | Sun 19 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1966 | Sun 20 March 02:00 | Sun 23 October 02:00 | ||
1965 | Sun 21 March 02:00 | Sun 24 October 02:00 | ||
1964 | Sun 22 March 02:00 | Sun 25 October 02:00 | ||
1963 | Sun 31 March 02:00 | Sun 27 October 02:00 | ||
1962 | Sun 25 March 02:00 | Sun 28 October 02:00 | ||
1961 | Sun 26 March 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1960 | Sun 10 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1959 | Sun 12 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1958 | Sun 20 April 02:00 | Sun 5 October 02:00 | ||
1957 | Sun 14 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | ||
1956 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | ||
1955 | Sun 17 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1954 | Sun 11 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1953 | Sun 19 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1952 | Sun 20 April 02:00 | Sun 26 October 02:00 | ||
1951 | Sun 15 April 02:00 | Sun 21 October 02:00 | ||
1950 | Sun 16 April 02:00 | Sun 29 October 02:00 | ||
1949 | Sun 3 April 02:00 | Sun 30 October 02:00 | ||
1948 | Sun 14 March 02:00 | Sun 31 October 02:00 | ||
1947 | Sun 2 November 02:00 | Back to GMT | Back to GMT | |
1947 | Sun 13 April 02:00 | Sun 10 August 02:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1947 | Sun 16 March 02:00 | BST begins | IST begins | |
1946 | Sun 14 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | Back to GMT (Oct) | Back to GMT (Oct) |
1945 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | Back to GMT | IST | |
1945 | Mon 2 April 01:00 | Sun 15 July 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1944 | Sun 2 April 01:00 | Sun 17 September 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1943 | Sun 4 April 01:00 | Sun 15 August 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1942 | Sun 5 April 01:00 | Sun 9 August 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1941 | Sun 4 May 01:00 | Sun 10 August 01:00 | BDST (2 hours ahead) | IST / no DST |
1940 | Sun 25 February 02:00 | BST 1940–1945 | IST 1940–1946 | |
1939 | Sun 16 April 02:00 | Sun 19 November 02:00 | ||
1938 | Sun 10 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1937 | Sun 18 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1936 | Sun 19 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1935 | Sun 14 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | ||
1934 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | ||
1933 | Sun 9 April 02:00 | Sun 8 October 02:00 | ||
1932 | Sun 17 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1930 | Sun 13 April 02:00 | Sun 5 October 02:00 | ||
1929 | Sun 21 April 02:00 | Sun 6 October 02:00 | ||
1928 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 7 October 02:00 | ||
1927 | Sun 10 April 02:00 | Sun 2 October 02:00 | ||
1926 | Sun 18 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1925 | Sun 19 April 02:00 | Sun 4 October 02:00 | ||
1924 | Sun 13 April 02:00 | Sun 21 September 02:00 | ||
1923 | Sun 22 April 02:00 | Sun 16 September 02:00 | ||
1922 | Sun 26 March 02:00 | Sun 8 October 02:00 | ||
1921 | Sun 3 April 02:00 | Sun 3 October 02:00 | ||
1920 | Sun 28 March 02:00 | Sun 25 October 02:00 | ||
1919 | Sun 30 March 02:00 | Sun 29 September 02:00 | ||
1918 | Sun 24 March 02:00 | Sun 30 September 02:00 | ||
1917 | Sun 8 April 02:00 | Sun 17 September 02:00 | ||
1916 | Sun 21 May 02:00 | Sun 1 October 02:00 | Abolition of DMT |
Note: Until 1 October 1916 time in all of Ireland was based on Dublin Mean Time which was GMT − 25 minutes.
References
- ^ "STANDARD TIME ACT, 1968".
- ^ "AN tACHT UM AM CAIGHDEÁNACH, 1968".
- ^ "timeanddate.com webpage erroneuously referring to IST as "Irish Summer Time"". Retrieved 27 August 2009.
- ^ "Example of [[Trinity College, Dublin]] using the term "Irish Summer Time"". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
{{cite web}}
: URL–wikilink conflict (help) - ^ "Irish Standard Time Act, 1968".
- ^ "Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971".
- ^ "Lighter Evenings (Experiment) Bill [HL]".
- ^ a b "Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 262—The Summer Time Order 2002".
- ^ a b http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
- ^ http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZSI506Y2001.html
Further reading
- Prerau, David. Saving the Daylight: Why We Put the Clocks Forward (ISBN 1-86207-796-7) — The Story of Summer Time/Daylight Saving Time with a focus on the UK
External links
- A Brief History of BST/DST
- History of legal time in Britain
- BBC News report: Safety call as clocks go back.
- BBC News report: Tundra time call in clocks debate.
- UK Government Report: Overview of the pros and cons of British Summer Time.
- RoSPA Press Release: RoSPA calls for switch to lighter nights to save lives
- BST FAQ
- Official British Government site listing Summer time dates for 2006–2011 inclusive (Updated March 2008)
- Dates when BST began and ended
- UNIX 'zoneinfo' file for Europe: as well as including a full set of dates for all European countries, it includes many comments on the history of DST in those countries.