Usher Hall

Usher Hall
Usher Hall as seen from Lothian Road
Location within the City of Edinburgh council area
General information
Architectural style	Contemporary
Town or city	Edinburgh
Country	Scotland
Completed	16th March 1914
Cost	£134,000
Client	City of Edinburgh
Design and construction
Architect(s)	Stockdale Harrison and Howard H Thomson

The Usher Hall is a concert hall situated on Lothian Road, in the west end of Edinburgh, Scotland. It has hosted concerts and events since its construction in 1914 and can hold approximately 2,900 people in its recently restored auditorium, which is well loved by performers due to its acoustics. The Hall is flanked by The Royal Lyceum Theatre on the right and The Traverse Theatre on the left. Historic Scotland has registered the Hall with Category A listed building status.

History

The construction of the hall was funded by Andrew Usher, the son of a whisky distiller, who donated £100,000 to the city specifically to fund a new concert hall. The choice of site caused early delays but in 1910 an architectural competition was announced with the requirement that the hall be simple but dignified. The winning bid (one of 130 entries) came from Stockdale Harrison & Howard H Thomson of Leicester. The design was partly a backlash against Victorian Gothic, with a return to classical features owing much to the Beaux-Arts style. On 19 July 1911, George V and Queen Mary laid two memorial stones, an event attended by over a thousand people.

Its curved walls, unusual for the time, were made possible by developments in reinforced concrete. The dome was designed to reflect the curvature of the walls, not to give a domed interior (which would have been acoustically disastrous).

The interior of the hall is adorned with decorative plaster panels by the Edinburgh sculptor Harry Gamley. The figures depicted in these panels show figures from the world of music, as well as famous Scots. These include: Sir Walter Scott, Robert Burns, Allan Ramsay, R L Stevenson, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johannes Brahms, Edvard Grieg and Anton Rubinstein. Harry Gamley's work also features on the outside of the building with two large figures representing Inspiration and Achievement, as well as another three figures by Crossland McClure depicting the Soul of Music, Music of the Sea and Music of the Woods.

The finished building was officially opened on 16 March 1914 with a concert featuring music by Handel, Bach, Wagner, Beethoven and the Scottish composer Hamish MacCunn.

The final cost of building the Usher Hall was £134,000. Andrew Usher died before building work was started.

Social History

The Usher Hall has been used for a variety of events, including politics, religion, charity fundraisers and sport, as well as music. In 1914 Prime Minister H. H. Asquith gave a speech entitled the War, using the occasion to recruit from the all-male audience.

At various times the musical and the political overlapped, on occasions such as fundraising concerts for the Republican movement in Spain in the 1930s and sexcentenary celebrations of the foundation of the City of Edinburgh in 1929. The end to political rallies in the Usher Hall came after a serious incident in 1934, when Sir Oswald Mosley came to speak. Between five and six thousand people protested outside, and several people were injured.

In 1986 the Commonwealth Games came to Edinburgh with the Usher Hall providing the venue for the boxing tournament.

The extensive basement rooms of the Usher Hall made the building ideal for use as an air-raid shelter and the venue was equipped for use during the Second World War. However, there are no records of it being used as such, but painted signs on internal doors, such as "No Dogs" indicate that preparations were made.

Musical History

As a platform for international classical musicians, the hall hosted the Vienna Philharmonic, under Bruno Walter, at the first festival in 1947.

It is also the Edinburgh home of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, who play regularly during their season. The Scottish Chamber Orchestra, Scottish Fiddle Orchestra, National Youth Orchestra of Scotland and local organisations, such as the Edinburgh Royal Choral Union and the Kevock Choir, also regularly appear.

A great variety of performers have entertained audiences at the Usher Hall, including Claudio Abbado, Sir Thomas Beecham, Kate Bush, Bing Crosby, Fairport Convention, Ella Fitzgerald, Stephane Grapelli, The Incredible String Band, Jethro Tull, Elton John, Herbert von Karajan, Led Zeppelin, The Moody Blues, Pink Floyd, Robert Plant & The Band of Joy, The Rolling Stones, Sir Malcolm Sargent, Simple Minds, Stereophonics, Tangerine Dream, Travis, Julian Lloyd Webber, Wings and Yes among others.

In March 1972, the Eurovision Song Contest was held at the Hall and compered by Moira Shearer. The United Kingdom entry was sung by The New Seekers.

The Organ

A major feature of the Usher Hall is the organ. It was built in 1913 by Norman & Beard of Norwich, and was designed to be the focal point of the Hall, both visually and musically.

The significance of the organ to the Usher Hall is demonstrated by the existence of the Usher Hall Organ Trust, who helped raise funds to restore the organ.

The restoration work took three years to complete and the organ was reinstalled in 2002. The organ was re-inaugrated on the 7th June 2003 in a celebratory concert recital by Gillian Weir.

Present day

Still owned and managed by the Edinburgh City Council, the Usher Hall is still in constant use. As well as being one of the main venues for the Edinburgh International Festival, other events have been held, such as the Holocaust Memorial Ceremony and the Colin O'Riordan Memorial Concert. Freedom of the City ceremonies have taken place at the hall over the years, with the most recent being for film star and Scottish icon Sir Sean Connery in 1991.

On April 13, 1986 during a concert, a large piece of plaster fell 130 feet from the roof into the auditorium. Only three chairs were damaged, but this event was just one example of the state of disrepair into which the Hall was falling. Vital repairs were necessary to make the building wind-proof, watertight and safe. In 1998 the City of Edinburgh announced it had put aside £9 million to start the refurbishment.

In 2002 plans for a second phase of refurbishment were announced with plans to raise the further £11 million required. In 2007 work on the second phase began, which will provide improved facilities and public spaces, including the construction of a new glass wing. The work was completed in 2009 at a cost of £25m, with the main hall reopened for the Festival and the completion of the new wing and official opening planned for November.

See also

• List of concert halls

External links

• Usher Hall