U3 (software)

This article is about the computer company and design specification. For U3 (disambiguation), see U3 (software) (disambiguation).

U3 LLC.

Company type	Private
Industry	Computer
Founded	2004
Headquarters	Redwood City, California
Website	http://u3.sandisk.com/

U3 was a joint venture between SanDisk and M-Systems , producing a proprietary method of launching Windows applications from special USB flash drives. Flash drives adhering to the U3 specification are termed "U3 smart drives". U3 smart drives come preinstalled with the U3 Launchpad, which looks similar to the Windows OS start menu and controls program installation. Applications that comply with U3 specifications are allowed to write files or registry information to the host computer, but they must remove this information when the flash drive is ejected. Customizations and settings are instead stored with the application on the flash drive.

Microsoft and SanDisk created a successor called StartKey.

SanDisk report the following on its website "The U3 technology has reached end of life. SanDisk began phasing out support for U3 Technology in late 2009."

U3 platform

U3 disk mounting: hardware emulation

A U3 flash drive presents itself to the host system as a USB hub with a CD drive and standard USB mass storage device attached.

• This configuration causes Windows disk management to show two drives:
  1. A read-only ISO 9660 volume on an emulated CD-ROM drive with an autorun configuration to execute the U3 LaunchPad, and;
  2. A standard flash drive (FAT formatted) that includes a hidden "SYSTEM" folder with installed applications.
• U3 compliant applications can be (optionally) preloaded by manufacturers.

U3 Launchpad

File:U3launch.PNG

U3 Launch Pad example.

The U3 Launchpad (LaunchU3.exe) is a Windows program manager that is preinstalled on every U3 smart drive.

The U3 Launchpad automatically starts at insertion of a U3 enabled device.

U3 applications

To be fully U3 compliant, an application has to be programmed to clean up its own data from the local machine. It must also be packaged in U3's special program format. U3 applications will only run from a U3 device. U3 programs can be downloaded from the U3 website and other places. Applications include Opera and Skype and do not need to be installed on the computer.

APIs

The U3 application programming interfaces (APIs) allows U3 programs lower-level access to USB flash drive, and to query the drive letter. The U3 APIs primarily allow developers who choose to use more of the power of U3 to control how their application handles things like device removal and saves data back to the drive such as configuration or documents.

Compatibility

The latest version of U3 launchpad supports Windows 2000 with Service Pack 4, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7.

Data can be accessed using any OS capable of reading from USB mass storage devices, unless the U3 device is password-protected.

Issues with older versions

Early versions of the U3 launchpad software had Vista compatibility issues (specifically the SanDisk Cruzer Titanium series with device numbers 2.17, 2.18, 2.19 and 2.20), although this problem could be eliminated by updating the launcher software. Prior to Sandisk's updated launcher software being released, Microsoft supported U3 by releasing an update to Vista (KB940199).

Developer resources

Information on building U3 compliant applications and the U3 software development kit are available to registered developers at the official U3 website. Individuals must register (as a company) to download the SDK, or participate in the forums. Applications that do not require installation steps in order to run can easily utilize U3 with little or no modification by taking steps to either not modify the host systems files or registry, or undoing all changes when the application terminates. A wizard which packages your distribution files and creates the special "manifest" file is provided.

Removal

Reformatting the drive will remove some of the software (the hidden "SYSTEM" folder), but not all of it. The virtual CD-ROM drive cannot be removed by reformatting because it is presented to the host system as a physical device attached to a USB hub; the official U3 Launchpad Removal Software was available on the U3 website and disabled the virtual CD drive device, leaving only the USB mass storage device active on the U3 USB hub controller, at which point the remaining software can be removed by a subsequent format, performed by the removal software itself. The removal tool is available from SanDisk's website.

U3 Tool is an open-source management tool (for Windows and Linux) that allows the locked U3 partition to be removed or replaced with any ISO image. The tool is also sometimes known to write .ISO images to U3 drives which have been damaged and will no longer accept .ISO files via LPInstaller.exe; however, it's reported that the device must be stopped and unplugged after writing for the update to be seen when reinserting.

Benefits

A Toshiba 2GB TransMemory Flash Drive, sold with U3 functionality pre-installed on the USB drive.

Portability

This software automatically attempts installation of U3 components (U3 Launchpad) on the hard disk drive and associated System Registry entries on the Host Computer. Afterwards the U3 software can be taken with all its personalized settings to any computer running a compatible version of Microsoft Windows (though no other operating system), with no need to install the software if not already there, or to use different settings and options, the initialization Host computer requires Administrative privileges and no need for administrator access privileges on subsequent computers.

Ease of use

Programs are run from the Launchpad, functionally similar to the Windows Start menu familiar to most users of Windows XP.

No need of admin rights on other computers

New software can be installed to a U3 flash drive without the requirement for administrative privileges on the host computer.

Virus protection

Many U3 drives come with virus protection software.

Data security

Most U3 drives on the market feature a security lock within the U3 Launchpad. This loads the CD partition first and can be user-configured to require a password to be entered; otherwise the data partition will not load. The drive is supposed to seal itself after a certain number of invalid password entries, requiring a reformat. Alternatively 3rd party disk encryption software such as FreeOTFE and BestCrypt may be used to encrypt data.

Emulation of a CD-Rom drive

Emulating a CD-Rom drive allows booting PCs from U3 enabled Flash Drives which do not support booting from USB flash natively. Using the open-source U3 Tool a bootable ISO image can be copied onto the flash memory that will be presented to the PC as a USB CD-Rom drive to boot from.

Criticisms

Numerous criticisms have been made of the U3 platform. These criticisms are:

Freezing with certain CD writing software

There is a possibility of slowing down or freezing Windows XP Pro if certain Windows drivers that are associated with high-volume data transfers to CD writers using certain CD/DVD burning software installed (Nero v7 and Roxio DirectCD)

Proprietary format / closed platform

The U3 platform is a "closed" platform / proprietary format, and unavailable for developers. SanDisk, the rights holders for U3, ask for a 5% royalty from USB flash drive manufacturers who wish to implement the platform on their products.

Two drive letters

As a work-around to the lack of Auto-Play for Flash drives on older versions of Windows, the U3 software creates two drive letters (one which presents itself as a CD to allow Windows' auto-play to start the launcher, and another for storing user data). Although this is the only way to implement auto-start functionality on pre-Windows XP systems, it could be considered a kludge, and the extra drive letter created can be an annoyance. However, it is possible to prevent Windows from allocating a drive letter for the "CD drive" via the Windows "Disk Management" tool—as long as the user has the appropriate rights/authority to do so.

Incompatibility with certain embedded systems

Some host systems – such as photo kiosks, consumer electronics, and other embedded computing devices – cannot correctly mount U3 "smart drives." The problem may arise because the emulated CD-ROM is the first drive presented to the host system. As such, the device is detected as a CD-ROM drive or not at all. Although some newer photo kiosks are U3 aware and can overcome this limitation, it still exists on many platforms. In embedded systems, where program memory is limited, it may be very costly in terms of system resources to make a device U3 aware. In such cases it is far more logical to leave this functionality out.

See also

• USB flash drive
• List of portable software
• Portable application creators
• Live CD
• Comparison of application launchers

External links

• Official website: http://u3.sandisk.com/
• PC Magazine reviews of the U3 Launcher, and programs (has screenshots)
• U3 Newbie Guide
• U3 Community (U3-Info: news, articles, forums, etc.)
• u3-tool, open source u3 managing tool