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== Architect and artist ==
== Architect and artist ==
After being a finalist in the UK journal [[Architectural Review|Architectural Review's]] Emerging Architecture competition (1999)<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3575/is_1234_206/ai_59177282] - ''[[Architectural Review]]'' 12/1999</ref> Marco Casagrande and his then partner [[Sami Rintala]] were invited to the [[Venice Biennial]] 2000. The [[New York Times]] reporter chose their project "60 Minute Man" as his personal favorite in the Biennale.<ref>[http://www.contemporary-magazine.com/architech44.htm] - ''Adam Mornament: When Attitude Becomes Form'' Contemporary -magazine 2003</ref> In the project [[Casagrande & Rintala]] had planted on oak forest in an abandoned barge on top of 60 minutes worth of composted human waste produced by the city of Venice. Casagrande’s cross-over architectural work encompasses the realms of architecture, urban and [[environmental planning]], [[environmental art]], [[circus]]es and other [[art]]istic disciplines.<ref>[http://www.visionarythurrock.org.uk/docs/facilities/who.html#] - ''Thurrock: A Visionary Brief in the Thames Gateway'' General Public Agengy 2004</ref> <br />
From the early stages of his career Casagrande started to mix architecture with other disciplines of art and science landing with a series of ecologically conscious architectural installations around the world.<ref>[http://w3-mediapool.hm.edu/mediapool/media/fk01/fk01_lokal/aktuelles_7/veranstaltungen_8/vortragsreihess11/Casagrande-neu.pdf] - ''[[Hochschule Munchen]]: Architektur zwischen Landart und Konzeptkunst'' 6/2011</ref> After being a finalist in the UK journal [[Architectural Review|Architectural Review's]] Emerging Architecture competition (1999)<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3575/is_1234_206/ai_59177282] - ''[[Architectural Review]]'' 12/1999</ref> Marco Casagrande and his then partner [[Sami Rintala]] were invited to the [[Venice Biennial]] 2000. The [[New York Times]] reporter chose their project "60 Minute Man" as his personal favorite in the Biennale.<ref>[http://www.contemporary-magazine.com/architech44.htm] - ''Adam Mornament: When Attitude Becomes Form'' Contemporary -magazine 2003</ref> In the project [[Casagrande & Rintala]] had planted on oak forest in an abandoned barge on top of 60 minutes worth of composted human waste produced by the city of Venice. Casagrande’s cross-over architectural work encompasses the realms of architecture, urban and [[environmental planning]], [[environmental art]], [[circus]]es and other [[art]]istic disciplines.<ref>[http://www.visionarythurrock.org.uk/docs/facilities/who.html#] - ''Thurrock: A Visionary Brief in the Thames Gateway'' General Public Agengy 2004</ref> <br />
<br />
<br />
''In search for subconscious architecture, real reality and connection between the modern man and nature. He believes that one shall not be blindfolded by stress, the surroundings of economics, the online access to entertainment or information. What is real is valuable.''<ref>[http://www.berkeleyprize.org/essay/essay.cfm?year=2004&link=committee.cfm] - ''Berkeley Prize Committee and Jury'' University of California, Berkeley 2007</ref>
''In search for subconscious architecture, real reality and connection between the modern man and nature. He believes that one shall not be blindfolded by stress, the surroundings of economics, the online access to entertainment or information. What is real is valuable.''<ref>[http://www.berkeleyprize.org/essay/essay.cfm?year=2004&link=committee.cfm] - ''Berkeley Prize Committee and Jury'' University of California, Berkeley 2007</ref>

Casagrandes works and teaching are moving freely in-between architecture, urban and environmental design and science, environmental art and circus adding up into cross-over architectural thinking of ''commedia dell'architettura'', a broad vision of built human environment tied into social drama and environmental awareness. ''There is no other reality than nature''.<ref>[http://w3-mediapool.hm.edu/mediapool/media/fk01/fk01_lokal/aktuelles_7/veranstaltungen_8/vortragsreihess11/Casagrande-neu.pdf] - ''[[Hochschule Munchen]]: Architektur zwischen Landart und Konzeptkunst'' 6/2011</ref>


Casagrande was nominated as the professor of ecological urban planning in the Taiwan based [[Tamkang University]] after the Treasure Hill project, in which Casagrande changed an illegal settlement of urban farmers into an experimental laboratory of environmental urbanism.<ref>[http://www.atelier-3.com/mediawiki/index.php/Design_2003.10_Treasure] - ''Atelier 3: Treasure Hill'' 10/2003</ref> The overhaul had mixed reactions from the community.
Casagrande was nominated as the professor of ecological urban planning in the Taiwan based [[Tamkang University]] after the Treasure Hill project, in which Casagrande changed an illegal settlement of urban farmers into an experimental laboratory of environmental urbanism.<ref>[http://www.atelier-3.com/mediawiki/index.php/Design_2003.10_Treasure] - ''Atelier 3: Treasure Hill'' 10/2003</ref> The overhaul had mixed reactions from the community.


== Third generation city ==
His theory of the Third Generation City views the post industrial urban condition as a machine ruined by human nature and architects as ''design shamans merely interpreting what the bigger nature of the shared mind is transmitting.''<ref>[http://www.epifanio.eu/nr9/eng/cross-over.html] - ''Marco Casagrande: Cross-over Architecture and the Third Generation City'' Epifanio 9 2008</ref> The theory is developed in the independent multidisciplinary research centre [[Ruin Academy]] (2010-).<ref>[http://www.greekarchitects.gr/en/temporary/ruin-academy-id4119] - ''Ruin Academy'' Greek Architects 2011</ref>


Casagrande views cities as complex energy [[organism]]s in which different overlapping layers of energy flows are determining the actions of the citizens as well as the development of the city. By mixing [[environmentalism]] and urban design Casagrande is developing methods of punctual manipulation of the urban energy flows in order to create an ecologically sustainable urban development towards the so-called 3rd Generation City (post industrial city). <ref>[http://urbandevelopmentbergen.blogspot.com/2010/04/interview-witm-m-casagrande-on-urban.html INTERVIEW WITH M. CASAGRANDE ON URBAN ACUPUNTURE] - ''Laurits Elkjær, Bergen School of Architecture'' 4/2010</ref>

The theory of the Third Generation City views the post industrial urban condition as a machine ruined by nature including human nature and architects as ''design shamans merely interpreting what the bigger nature of the shared mind is transmitting.''<ref>[http://www.epifanio.eu/nr9/eng/cross-over.html] - ''Marco Casagrande: Cross-over Architecture and the Third Generation City'' Epifanio 9 2008</ref> This organic machine is kept alive through continuous and spontaneous ruining processes performed by citizens, to whom Casagrande refers to as “anarchist gardeners” by means of urban farming, <ref>[http://blog.p2pfoundation.net/the-community-gardens-of-taipei/2010/12/04 The Community Gardens of Taipei] - P2P Foundation 2010</ref> illegal architecture <ref>[http://www.architizer.com/en_us/blog/dyn/18012/peoples-architecture-in-taipei/ Illegal Architecture in Taipei] - Kelsey Campbell-Dollaghan, Architizer 2011</ref> and urban acupuncture. <ref>[http://issuu.com/ruin-academy/docs/anarchist_gardener_issue_one Anarchist Gardener Issue One 安那其建築園丁] – ''Nikita Wu: Anarchist Gardener '' 2010</ref> The element of Ruin is viewed as something man-made having become part of nature. <ref>[http://www.dezeen.com/2009/06/26/chen-house-by-c-laboratory/ Chen House by C-Laboratory] - Dezeen 2009</ref> The theory is developed in the independent multidisciplinary research centre [[Ruin Academy]] (2010-). <ref>[http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2010/11/ruin-academy/ Ruin Academy] - Landezine 2010</ref>

Third Generation City follows the first generation where humans' peacefully coexisted with nature and the second generation built walls and stone structures everywhere in an attempt to shut out nature. In the third generation however, nature, which can never be truly shut out, grows back through the ruins, through the cracks in the wall, sucking human nature back into the wider nature. Third Generation City concentrates on local knowledge and urban acupuncture rather than on centrally governed urban planning. <ref>[http://www.erenlai.tv/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4520%3Areturning-man-to-nature-and-reality&catid=697%3Amay-focus&Itemid=348&lang=en Returning Humans to Nature and Reality] - Nick Couson, eRenlai 2011</ref> Casagrande describes urban acupuncture as:<br />
''[a] cross-over architectural manipulation of the collective sensuous intellect of a city. City is viewed as multi-dimensional sensitive energy-organism, a living environment. Urban acupuncture aims into a touch with this nature.''<ref>[http://kylemillermsis.wordpress.com/2011/09/25/urban-acupuncture-revivifying-our-cities-through-targeted-renewal/ Urban Acupuncture: Revivifying Our Cities Through Targeted Renewal] - Kyle Miller'' MSIS 9/2011</ref> and ''Sensitivity to understand the energy flows of the collective [[chi]] beneath the visual city and reacting on the hot-spots of this chi. Architecture is in the position to produce the acupuncture needles for the urban chi.''<ref>[http://www.epifanio.eu/nr14/eng/ruin_academy.html Ruin Academy] - Marco Casagrande'' Epifanio 14 2011</ref> and ''A weed will root into the smallest crack in the asphalt and eventually break the city. Urban acupuncture is the weed and the acupuncture point is the crack. The possibility of the impact is total, connecting human nature as part of nature.'' The theory
opens the door for uncontrolled creativity and freedom. Each citizen is enabled to join the creative process, feel free to use city space for any purpose and develop his environment according to his will. <ref>[http://www.stadsbyggnad.lth.se/fileadmin/stadsbyggnad/images/_1_Sudes_Book/_1_B5_webversion1.pdf Compost City] - Guoda Bardauskait'' p. 30-31, Sustainable Urban Design Journal 1 2011</ref><br />
<br />
Casagrande's works have been selected three times to the Venice Architecture Biennale; years 2000, 2004 and 2006.<ref>[http://www.worldarchitecture.org/profiles/index.asp?wamnum=5966] - ''World Architecture Community'' </ref>
Casagrande's works have been selected three times to the Venice Architecture Biennale; years 2000, 2004 and 2006.<ref>[http://www.worldarchitecture.org/profiles/index.asp?wamnum=5966] - ''World Architecture Community'' </ref>


=== Collaboration with Rintala ===
== Collaboration with Rintala ==


'''Casagrande & Rintala''' - Marco Casagrande and Sami Rintala - is a Finnish architect and artist group producing architectonic installations 1998 - 2003 for international venues of contemporary architecture and art. Their works are moving in-between [[architecture]] and [[environmental art]].<ref>[http://www.contemporary-magazine.com/architech44.htm] - ''World Architecture Community'' Contemporary -magazine 2003 </ref>
'''Casagrande & Rintala''' - Marco Casagrande and Sami Rintala - is a Finnish architect and artist group producing architectonic installations 1998 - 2003 for international venues of contemporary architecture and art. Their works are moving in-between [[architecture]] and [[environmental art]].<ref>[http://www.contemporary-magazine.com/architech44.htm] - ''World Architecture Community'' Contemporary -magazine 2003 </ref>

Revision as of 10:48, 17 December 2011

Marco Casagrande at SZHK Biennale 2009

Marco Casagrande, (born May 7, 1971), is a Finnish architect, environmental artist, architectural theorist, writer and professor of architecture. He graduated from Helsinki University of Technology department of architecture (2001).

Early life

Casagrande was born in Turku, Finland, to a well-off Finnish-Italian Catholic family.[1] He spent his childhood in Ylitornio in Finnish Lapland, but went to school in Karjaa, a southern Finland smalltown, before moving to Helsinki to study architecture.

Mercenary and writer

After his service in the Finnish Army, in 1993 Casagrande volunteered for the Bosnian Croat Defence Forces HVO. He wrote under name Luca Moconesi a controversial book Mostarin tien liftarit / Hitchhikers on the Road to Mostar (WSOY 1997)[2] about his experiences in the Bosnian Civil War. Based on descriptions of war crimes committed by the main character in the autobiographical book, he came under suspicion as a possible war criminal. As a defence, he later stated that the book was in fact a work of fiction.[3]

Personally Casagrande shows zero tolerance to any war crimes what so ever. "Those troops know that they are doing wrong. This is the very opposite of constructive collectivity and group spirit. Anybody can understand that it is by no measures militarily efficient to go kicking the doors of an old peoples home." Casagrande has been lecturing in the National Defence University of Finland since 2006 on courses of strategy and leadership.[4]

Architect and artist

From the early stages of his career Casagrande started to mix architecture with other disciplines of art and science landing with a series of ecologically conscious architectural installations around the world.[5] After being a finalist in the UK journal Architectural Review's Emerging Architecture competition (1999)[6] Marco Casagrande and his then partner Sami Rintala were invited to the Venice Biennial 2000. The New York Times reporter chose their project "60 Minute Man" as his personal favorite in the Biennale.[7] In the project Casagrande & Rintala had planted on oak forest in an abandoned barge on top of 60 minutes worth of composted human waste produced by the city of Venice. Casagrande’s cross-over architectural work encompasses the realms of architecture, urban and environmental planning, environmental art, circuses and other artistic disciplines.[8]

In search for subconscious architecture, real reality and connection between the modern man and nature. He believes that one shall not be blindfolded by stress, the surroundings of economics, the online access to entertainment or information. What is real is valuable.[9]

Casagrandes works and teaching are moving freely in-between architecture, urban and environmental design and science, environmental art and circus adding up into cross-over architectural thinking of commedia dell'architettura, a broad vision of built human environment tied into social drama and environmental awareness. There is no other reality than nature.[10]

Casagrande was nominated as the professor of ecological urban planning in the Taiwan based Tamkang University after the Treasure Hill project, in which Casagrande changed an illegal settlement of urban farmers into an experimental laboratory of environmental urbanism.[11] The overhaul had mixed reactions from the community.

Third generation city

Casagrande views cities as complex energy organisms in which different overlapping layers of energy flows are determining the actions of the citizens as well as the development of the city. By mixing environmentalism and urban design Casagrande is developing methods of punctual manipulation of the urban energy flows in order to create an ecologically sustainable urban development towards the so-called 3rd Generation City (post industrial city). [12]

The theory of the Third Generation City views the post industrial urban condition as a machine ruined by nature including human nature and architects as design shamans merely interpreting what the bigger nature of the shared mind is transmitting.[13] This organic machine is kept alive through continuous and spontaneous ruining processes performed by citizens, to whom Casagrande refers to as “anarchist gardeners” by means of urban farming, [14] illegal architecture [15] and urban acupuncture. [16] The element of Ruin is viewed as something man-made having become part of nature. [17] The theory is developed in the independent multidisciplinary research centre Ruin Academy (2010-). [18]

Third Generation City follows the first generation where humans' peacefully coexisted with nature and the second generation built walls and stone structures everywhere in an attempt to shut out nature. In the third generation however, nature, which can never be truly shut out, grows back through the ruins, through the cracks in the wall, sucking human nature back into the wider nature. Third Generation City concentrates on local knowledge and urban acupuncture rather than on centrally governed urban planning. [19] Casagrande describes urban acupuncture as:
[a] cross-over architectural manipulation of the collective sensuous intellect of a city. City is viewed as multi-dimensional sensitive energy-organism, a living environment. Urban acupuncture aims into a touch with this nature.[20] and Sensitivity to understand the energy flows of the collective chi beneath the visual city and reacting on the hot-spots of this chi. Architecture is in the position to produce the acupuncture needles for the urban chi.[21] and A weed will root into the smallest crack in the asphalt and eventually break the city. Urban acupuncture is the weed and the acupuncture point is the crack. The possibility of the impact is total, connecting human nature as part of nature. The theory opens the door for uncontrolled creativity and freedom. Each citizen is enabled to join the creative process, feel free to use city space for any purpose and develop his environment according to his will. [22]

Casagrande's works have been selected three times to the Venice Architecture Biennale; years 2000, 2004 and 2006.[23]

Collaboration with Rintala

Casagrande & Rintala - Marco Casagrande and Sami Rintala - is a Finnish architect and artist group producing architectonic installations 1998 - 2003 for international venues of contemporary architecture and art. Their works are moving in-between architecture and environmental art.[24]

For their landscape installation 1000 White Flags (summer 2002), for example, the artists speckled a downhill-skiing range in Koli Nature Park, Finland, with flags made of used sheets from mental hospitals. Casagrande & Rintala here drew attention to the madness of businessmen who cut down ancient forests.[25]

Casagrande & Rintala's work Land(e)scape was awarded in the Architectural Review's Emerging Architecture Award 1999 competition[26] and chosen to the Venice Biennale 2000. New York Times architecture critic Herbert Muschamp chose their project 60 Minute Man his personal favourite of the biennale.[27]

Casagrande & Rintala designed and built all their works by themselves. The design process continued during the construction work.
"The work itself usually changes its shape or obtains more layers during the construction process. We keep ourselves open to changes in the work. When it is finding its shape it usually starts to tell us more about itself."[28]

Important works

Land(e)scape

Land(e)scape on display
Red cartouche
Burning of Land(e)scape, 1999

Land(e)scape (1999), an architectural installation by Finnish architects Casagrande & Rintala, with Marco Casagrande and Sami Rintala, in a former field in Savonlinna. The work is commenting on the desertion process of the Finnish countryside.

Three of these abandoned barns ‘were driven,’ the architects explained, ‘to the point where they have had to break their primeval union with the soil. Desolate, they have risen on their shanks and are swaying towards the cities of the south.’[29]

The work was awarded in the Architectural Review's Emerging Architecture 1999 competition and selected to the Venice Biennale 2000. Land(e)scape launched the international career or Casagrande & Rintala[30]

The art work was set on fire by the authors in October 1999.[31]

Land(e)scape represented Finland in the New Trends or Architecture in Europe and Japan 2001 exhibitions.[32]

Redrum

Casagrande & Rintale: Redrum (2003)
Red cartouche
Redrum interior (2003)

Redrum (2003) is an architectonic installation in Anchorage Alaska by Finnish architects Casagrande & Rintala. The work is commissioned by Alaska Design Forum.[33]

3 Alaska Railroad oil tanks cut into total 12 pieces and turned into a temple structure opposite the Federal Building of Anchorage in the crossing of C-Street and 7th Avenue. The interior is painted bright red in contrast to the rusty and brutal exterior. The floor is made of 3500 kg of oyster shells, the origin of all Alaskan oil.[34]

"Redrum" is "murder" backwards. The designers intended to comment on the connection of oil, war and environment. Local media described the piece as "a slap in the face to Alaskans".[35]

Potemkin

Casagrande & Rintala: Potemkin (2003)
Potemkin interior

Potemkin is a steel made architectural park by Casagrande & Rintala for Kuramata village in Japan 2003. A steel made mix between a temple and machine.[36] The work consists indoor and outdoor spaces for post-industrial meditation.[37] Potemkin is commissioned by the Echigo-Tsumari Contemporary Art Triennial 2003.[38]

Potemkin stands as the Acropolis to be the post industrial temple to think of the connection between the modern man and nature. I see Potemkin as a cultivated junk yard situated between the ancient rice fields and the river with a straight axis to the Shinto temple.[39]

The site is a former illegal dumping ground turned into a riverside park.[40] The architecture of the park was drawn on site in 1:1 scale on snow by walking the lines with snow-shoes and then built up when the snow melted.[41]

The park is made out of one inch thick Kawasaki steel and recycled urban and industrial waste. It is 130 meters long and 15 meters wide with a series of outdoor and indoor spaces.[42]

Other works

File:Sixty Minute Man.jpg
Sixty Minute Man, 2000
Floating Sauna, 2002
Treasure Hill, 2003
Chen House, 2008
Bug Dome, 2009
  • 60 Minute Man, architectonic installation, Casagrande & Rintala, Venice Architecture Biennale 2000
    • 50 meters long abandoned barge into which is planted an oak garden on top of 60 minutes worth of human waste produced by the city of Venice.
  • Uunisaari Summer Theatre, temporary architecture, Casagrande & Rintala, Helsinki Finland 2000
    • A temporary round theatre building on Suomenlinna -island outside of Helsinki.[43]
  • 1000 White Flags, environmental art installation, Casagrande & Rintala, Koli Finland 2000
    • White flags out of used sheets from mental hospitals mounted on a downhill skiing range to cure the hill.[44]
  • Quetzalcoatlus, installation, Casagrande & Rintala, Havana Biennale 2000
    • A 300 kg iron bar stretched between two university building with 10 km of fishing line.[45]
  • Bird Hangar, architectonic installation, Casagrande & Rintala, Yokohama Triennial 2001
    • A re-bar and hemp rope silo releasing balsa birds attached to meteorological balloons carrying seeds of Japanese vegetables to the city.[46]
  • Installation 1:2001, public installation, Casagrande & Rintala, Firenze Biennale 2001
    • A round wall of 15.000 political, philosophical and religious books from around the wall title backs out, white paper in. The work was originally intended to be installed in Cuba, but Government resistance forced the project to Italy. [47]
  • Dallas-Kalevala, art journey, Casagrande & Rintala, Demeter Environmental Art, Hokkaido Japan 2002
    • A land journey from Finland to Japan with car collecting polaroid photos of grandmothers, old axes and local radio sound.[48]
  • Chain Reactor, architectonic installation, Casagrande & Rintala, Montreal Biennale 2002
    • A 6 x 6 x 6 meters cube of I-beams and recycled steel chain to frame a fire place.[49]
  • Anarchist Gardener, performance art and installations, Puerto Rico Biennial 2002
    • A parade of an invented God to stop highway traffic in order to construct a series of industrial Zen gardens.[50]
  • Floating Sauna, temporary architecture, Casagrande & Rintala, Rosendahl village Norway 2002
    • A floating transparent sauna in the end of a fjord as the public space of a fishing village. 6th Cycle of 20+10+X Architecture Awards winner.[51]
  • Treasure Hill, housing area restoration, Taipei Taiwan 2003
    • Ecological rehabilitation realization for an illegal housing area.
  • Post Industrial Fleet, naval architecture, CREW*31, Venice Architecture Biennale 2004
    • Architectonic recycling strategies for industrial ships out of duty.
  • Human Layer, urban acupuncture, Greetings from London[52]- Helsinki Festival - Taipei on the Move 2004
    • A series of urban acupuncture plans for the cities of London, Helsinki and Taipei.[53]
  • Chamber of the Post-Urbanist 104, life style installation, Taipei Museum of Contemporary Art 2005
    • Steel made furniture for post urban cave man style living.[54]
  • Future Pavilion, Taiwan Design Expo
    • Cross disciplinary art-architecture exhibition in a ruin of Wei Wu Military Camp, Kaoshioung 2005[55][56]
  • CityZenGarden, installation, together with 3RW Architects,[57] Venice Architecture Biennale 2006
    • Oriental stone garden out of recycled glass in the Venice prison. Video documentation of Taiwanese urban farmers.[58]
  • Chen House, Datun Mountains, Taiwan. World Architecture Award 2009.
    • Ruin is when man-made has become part of nature. With this house we were looking forward to design a ruin.[59]
  • Bug Dome, WEAK! for SZHK Biennale 2009.[60]
    • Unofficial social club for illegal workers; insect architecture.[61]
  • Ruin Academy, Urban Core area in Taipei, Taiwan 2010.
    • Independent cross-over architectural research centre 'set to re-think the industrial city and the man in the box'.[62]

References

  1. ^ Kohuttu palkkasoturi päätyi arkkitehdiksi - Turun Sanomat January 27, 2001 Template:Fi icon
  2. ^ The mind of a fanatic - Helsingin Sanomat, 18 September 2001
  3. ^ taiteen palkkasotureita - Voima 4/2002 Template:Fi icon
  4. ^ Anttalainen & Vasaramäki, Casagrande (KALPA, Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu, 2011), 38-41.
  5. ^ [1] - Hochschule Munchen: Architektur zwischen Landart und Konzeptkunst 6/2011
  6. ^ [2] - Architectural Review 12/1999
  7. ^ [3] - Adam Mornament: When Attitude Becomes Form Contemporary -magazine 2003
  8. ^ [4] - Thurrock: A Visionary Brief in the Thames Gateway General Public Agengy 2004
  9. ^ [5] - Berkeley Prize Committee and Jury University of California, Berkeley 2007
  10. ^ [6] - Hochschule Munchen: Architektur zwischen Landart und Konzeptkunst 6/2011
  11. ^ [7] - Atelier 3: Treasure Hill 10/2003
  12. ^ INTERVIEW WITH M. CASAGRANDE ON URBAN ACUPUNTURE - Laurits Elkjær, Bergen School of Architecture 4/2010
  13. ^ [8] - Marco Casagrande: Cross-over Architecture and the Third Generation City Epifanio 9 2008
  14. ^ The Community Gardens of Taipei - P2P Foundation 2010
  15. ^ Illegal Architecture in Taipei - Kelsey Campbell-Dollaghan, Architizer 2011
  16. ^ Anarchist Gardener Issue One 安那其建築園丁 – Nikita Wu: Anarchist Gardener 2010
  17. ^ Chen House by C-Laboratory - Dezeen 2009
  18. ^ Ruin Academy - Landezine 2010
  19. ^ Returning Humans to Nature and Reality - Nick Couson, eRenlai 2011
  20. ^ Urban Acupuncture: Revivifying Our Cities Through Targeted Renewal - Kyle Miller MSIS 9/2011
  21. ^ Ruin Academy - Marco Casagrande Epifanio 14 2011
  22. ^ Compost City - Guoda Bardauskait p. 30-31, Sustainable Urban Design Journal 1 2011
  23. ^ [9] - World Architecture Community
  24. ^ [10] - World Architecture Community Contemporary -magazine 2003
  25. ^ [11] - Biennale de Montreal: Casagrande & Rintala (Finland) 2002
  26. ^ [12] - Architectural Review 12/1999
  27. ^ [13] - New York Times 2000
  28. ^ [14] - ARCH'IT: Casagrande & Rintala 2001
  29. ^ [15] - The Architectural Review: A dramatic architectural installation designed to draw attention to the plight of the Finnish countryside., 12/1999
  30. ^ [16] - Adam Mornament: When Attitude Becomes Form Contemporary -magazine 2003
  31. ^ [17] - The Architectural Review: Burning Passion., 12/1999
  32. ^ [18] - Catalog 1: Participating Architects (New Trends of Architecture in Europe and Japan 2001) , 2001
  33. ^ Alaska Design Forum
  34. ^ Camp for oppositional architecture 25.6.2004
  35. ^ Ditmars, Hadani (2003-06-21), Artfully pushing the boundaries in Anchorage, The Globe and Mail, retrieved 2007-12-14
  36. ^ [19] - Tamkang University: 卡馬可 Marco Casagrande 2004
  37. ^ [20] - Camp for Oppositional Architecture 2004
  38. ^ [21] - Echigo Tsumari Art Triennial 2003
  39. ^ [22] - Archi-Europe: Potemkin
  40. ^ [23] - Japan-Guide: Echigo Tsumari Art Triennial Festival Highlights
  41. ^ [24] - Landezine: Potemkin - Post Industrial Meditation Park by Casagrande & Rintala
  42. ^ [25] - Architecture News Plus: Potemkin - Post Industrial Meditation Park
  43. ^ [26] - Architectural Review: Little Top
  44. ^ [27] - ARCH'IT: Casagrande & Rintala
  45. ^ [28] - Architizer: Quetzalcoatlus
  46. ^ [29] - Yokohama 2001: Artist Data Sheet
  47. ^ [30] - Firenze Biennale Press Release 2001
  48. ^ [31] - Demeter: Dallas-Kalevala (2002)
  49. ^ [32] - La Biennale De Montreal: Casagrande & Rintala 10/2003
  50. ^ [33] - Camp for Oppositional Architecture, 2004
  51. ^ [34] - 6th Cycle of 20+10+X Architecture Awards, 2010
  52. ^ [35] - Human: Greetings from London
  53. ^ [36] - Epifanio: Human Layer_Taipei, 2005
  54. ^ [37] - Taipei MOCA: Chamber of the Post-Urbanist 104, 2005
  55. ^ [38] - Taipei Times: Design Expo Attracts Curious, 2005
  56. ^ [39] - C-LAB: The Art of Taiwan in Psychosis, 2005
  57. ^ [40] - 3RW Architects: Urban Farmers, 2006
  58. ^ [41] - Taipei Representative Office: An Architect Takes Care of a Stone Garden in a City of Water, 2006
  59. ^ [42] - World Architecture: Winners / 4th Cycle, 2009
  60. ^ [43] - Dezeen: Bug Dome by WEAK!, 2009
  61. ^ [44] - Daily Tonic: Bug Dome at the 2009 Biennale of Urbanism/Architecture by the WEAK!, 2009
  62. ^ [45] - Designboom: c laboratory: ruin academy, 2010
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