Siege of Barcelona (1713–1714): Difference between revisions
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1. Britain and Dutch Republic reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 11 April 1713, [[Treaty of Utrecht]] |
1. Britain and the Dutch Republic reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 11 April 1713, [[Treaty of Utrecht]] |
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2. Austria reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 7 March 1714, [[Treaty of Rastatt]] |
2. Austria reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 7 March 1714, [[Treaty of Rastatt]] |
Revision as of 14:50, 21 August 2012
Siege of Barcelona | |||||||
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Part of the War of the Spanish Succession | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Duke of Berwick | Antoni de Villarroel | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
40,000 regulars 80 cannons 20 howitzers |
2,000 regulars 4,700 militians of the Coronela Some piece of artillery | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
14,000 dead or wounded | 7,000 dead or wounded |
The Siege of Barcelona (Catalan: Setge de Barcelona, IPA: [ˈsedʒə ðə βərsəˈɫonə]) was a battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714), which pitted Archduke Charles of Austria (backed by Britain and the Netherlands, i.e. the Grand Alliance), against Philip V of Spain, backed by France in a contest for the Spanish crown.
Prelude
During the early part of the war, Barcelona had fallen to the forces of Archduke Charles: his fleet had anchored in the port on 22 August 1705, landing troops which surrounded the city. These troops later captured the fort of Montjuïc, and used it to bombard the city into its submission on October 9 of that year.
Battle
Even though the freshly defeated Catalan court then supported the Archduke against Philip V, the Franco-Spanish forces were not strong enough to attempt a recapture of the city until 1713. By 25 July of that year, the city was surrounded by Bourbon forces, but attacks upon it were unfruitful due to the scarcity of artillery. The Bourbons then waited for a 20,000 man reinforcement force, which arrived in April–May 1714. The assault was renewed under the command of the Duke of Berwick, and after entering the city on 30 August, the Bourbons finally triumphed on 11 September. This defeat is now commemorated as the National Day of Catalonia, also known as La Diada Nacional de Catalunya.
Notes:
1. Britain and the Dutch Republic reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 11 April 1713, Treaty of Utrecht
2. Austria reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 7 March 1714, Treaty of Rastatt
3. The Holy Roman Empire reached a peace agreement to end the war with France on 7 September 1714, Treaty of Baden
Aftermath
The war's end in 1714, with the surrender of the pro-Archduke forces to a Franco-Spanish army, marks a two century long period of greater suppression of Catalan autonomy that mirrored the greater centralization of the various monarchies of the European continent. With the War of the Spanish Succession completed, Spain evolved from a de facto unified kingdom to a centralized de jure one. The defenders of the city were buried in a cemetery, now a plaza, Fossar de les Moreres, where Catalans gather every 11 September, known as the National Day of Catalonia or la Diada.
References
- ^ George Ripley, Charles Anderson Dana, The American Cyclopaedia, New York, 1874, p. 250, "...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis...". *[1] The original Banner of France was strewn with fleurs-de-lis. *[2]:on the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siecle...Vue du chateau d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)."[3] from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica: "The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour."
External links
- Documents about the case of the Catalans dated on 1714, at the House of Lords, UK.
- Journal of the House of Lords: volume 19, 2 August 1715, Further Articles of Impeachment against E. Oxford brought from H.C. Article VI.