Vlissingen: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Schilderij Vlissingen 30-08-06.JPG|left|thumb|Vlissingen from the sea, 1662]] |
[[File:Schilderij Vlissingen 30-08-06.JPG|left|thumb|Vlissingen from the sea, 1662]] |
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[[File:VROOM Hendrick Cornelisz The Arrival at Vlissingen of the Elector Palatinate Frederick V.jpg|left|thumb|The Arrival at Vlissingen of [[Frederick V, Elector Palatine]], by [[Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom]], oil on canvas.]] |
[[File:VROOM Hendrick Cornelisz The Arrival at Vlissingen of the Elector Palatinate Frederick V.jpg|left|thumb|The Arrival at Vlissingen of [[Frederick V, Elector Palatine]], by [[Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom]], oil on canvas.]] |
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The fishermen’s hamlet that came into existence at the estuary of the [[Schelde]] around AD 620 has grown over its 1,400-year history into the third-most important port of the [[Netherlands]]. The [[Counts of Holland]] and [[Zeeland]] had the first harbours dug. Over the centuries, Vlissingen developed into a hub for fishing, especially the [[herring]] fishery, commerce, privateering and the [[slave trade]]. The ports of Vlissingen and [[Middleburg]] in the south-western State of [[Zeeland]] became dependent on the slave trade to an unparalleled degree, beating even [[Amsterdam]] as the main departure point for slavers. Ships from Zeeland made 672 journeys to Africa, |
The fishermen’s hamlet that came into existence at the estuary of the [[Schelde]] around AD 620 has grown over its 1,400-year history into the third-most important port of the [[Netherlands]]. The [[Counts of Holland]] and [[Zeeland]] had the first harbours dug. Over the centuries, Vlissingen developed into a hub for fishing, especially the [[herring]] fishery, commerce, privateering and the [[slave trade]]. The ports of Vlissingen and [[Middleburg]] in the south-western State of [[Zeeland]] became dependent on the slave trade to an unparalleled degree, beating even [[Amsterdam]] as the main departure point for slavers. Ships from Zeeland made 672 journeys to Africa, transporting 278,476 people into a life of slavery, compared to the 173 recorded voyages from Amsterdam, carrying 73,476. The two ports were practically slaving communities, and official reports indicated that by 1750 the only significant commercial activity in Vlissingen was the slave trade.This marked quite a transformation for the province, which in 1596 had steadfastly rejected the opening of a slave market in Middleburg, on the basis that Dutch law did not countenance slavery. The momentum that drove slavery brought on a transformation in attitudes within the area, and saw Middleburg become host to the largest independent slaving company in the Netherlands. The Middleburg Commercial Company (MCC) [http://wysinger.homestead.com/mapofafricadiaspora3.html transported 31,095 Africans to the Americas] between 1732 and 1803, of whom 27,344 survived the crossing.<ref >="Breaking the Silence, Learning about the Transatlantic Slave Trade website, is a joint initiative between UNESCO, Anti-Slavery International, the British Council and the Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation (NORAD).">{{cite web|last=Martin|first=S.I.|title=Vlissingen Slave Port|url=http://old.antislavery.org/breakingthesilence/slave_routes/slave_routes_netherlands.shtml|accessdate=9 January 2013}}</ref> |
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During the heyday of the [[Dutch Golden Age]], ships from Vlissingen set sail for the various outposts of the [[Dutch colonial empire]] and contributed to the world power of [[Dutch Republic|The Seven Provinces]]. |
During the heyday of the [[Dutch Golden Age]], ships from Vlissingen set sail for the various outposts of the [[Dutch colonial empire]] and contributed to the world power of [[Dutch Republic|The Seven Provinces]]. |
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Revision as of 12:19, 12 January 2013
Flushing
Vlissingen | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
 Jacobskerk, Vlissingen | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Zeeland |
| Wijken (Quarters) | Vlissingen-Centrum (Centre) Vlissingen-Stadshavens (Cityports) Vlissingen-Middengebied (Midarea) Vlissingen-Groot-Lammerenburg Vlissingen-Paauwenburg Oost-Souburg Havens Vlissingen-Oost (Ports Flushing-East) Ritthem |
| Area (2006) | |
| • Total | 344.98 km2 (133.20 sq mi) |
| • Land | 34.14 km2 (13.18 sq mi) |
| • Water | 310.85 km2 (120.02 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2007) | |
| • Total | 45,015 |
| • Density | 1,319/km2 (3,420/sq mi) |
| Source: CBS, Statline. | |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Vlissingen (; historical name in English: Flushing) is a municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. With its strategic location between the Scheldt river and the North Sea, Vlissingen has been an important harbour for centuries. It was granted city rights in 1315. In the 17th century Vlissingen was a main harbour for ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It is also known as the birthplace of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter.
Vlissingen is mainly noted for the wharves on the Scheldt where most of the ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) are built.
History
The fishermen’s hamlet that came into existence at the estuary of the Schelde around AD 620 has grown over its 1,400-year history into the third-most important port of the Netherlands. The Counts of Holland and Zeeland had the first harbours dug. Over the centuries, Vlissingen developed into a hub for fishing, especially the herring fishery, commerce, privateering and the slave trade. The ports of Vlissingen and Middleburg in the south-western State of Zeeland became dependent on the slave trade to an unparalleled degree, beating even Amsterdam as the main departure point for slavers. Ships from Zeeland made 672 journeys to Africa, transporting 278,476 people into a life of slavery, compared to the 173 recorded voyages from Amsterdam, carrying 73,476. The two ports were practically slaving communities, and official reports indicated that by 1750 the only significant commercial activity in Vlissingen was the slave trade.This marked quite a transformation for the province, which in 1596 had steadfastly rejected the opening of a slave market in Middleburg, on the basis that Dutch law did not countenance slavery. The momentum that drove slavery brought on a transformation in attitudes within the area, and saw Middleburg become host to the largest independent slaving company in the Netherlands. The Middleburg Commercial Company (MCC) transported 31,095 Africans to the Americas between 1732 and 1803, of whom 27,344 survived the crossing.[1]
During the heyday of the Dutch Golden Age, ships from Vlissingen set sail for the various outposts of the Dutch colonial empire and contributed to the world power of The Seven Provinces.
The history of Vlissingen was also marked by invasion, oppression and bombardments. Because of its strategic position at the mouth of the Schelde, the most important passageway to Antwerp, it has attracted the interest, at one time or another, of the British, the French, the Germans and the Spanish. Floods have also been a constant threat. Vlissingen declined during the 18th century. The Napoleonic Wars were particularly disastrous. After 1870, the economy revived after the construction of new docks and the Walcheren canal, the arrival of the railway and the establishment of the shipyard called De Schelde. The Second World War interrupted this growth. The city was heavily damaged by shelling and inundation.
The city was rebuilt after the war. In the 1960s, the seaport and industrial area of Vlissingen-Oost developed and flourished. Now this area is the economic driving force behind central Zeeland, generating many thousands of jobs. Nowadays approx. 50,000 ships annually from all corners of the world pass through the Schelde. Tourists are attracted to Vlissingen not just because of its history and maritime character, but also because nowhere else in the world do large ships pass this close to shore. [1].
Name
Etymology
The derivation of the name Vlissingen is unclear, though most scholars relate the name to the word fles (bottle) in one way or another.
According to one story, when saint Willibrord landed in Vlissingen with a bottle in the 7th century, he shared its contents with the beggars he found there while trying to convert them. A miracle occurred, familiar to readers of hagiography, when the contents of the bottle did not diminish. When the bishop realised the beggars did not want to listen to his words, he gave them his bottle. After that, he supposedly called the city Flessinghe.
Another source states that the name had its origins in an old ferry-service house, on which a bottle was attached by way of a sign. The monk Jacob van Dreischor, who visited the city in 967, then apparently called the ferry-house het veer aan de Flesse (the ferry at the Bottle). Because many cities in the region later received the appendix -inge, the name, according to this etymology, evolved to Vles-inge.
According to another source, the name was derived from the Danish word Vles, which means tides.
Historical English name "Flushing"
Vlissingen was historically called "Flushing" in English. In the 17th century Vlissingen was important enough to be a town that English speakers referred to and that had acquired its own English name. For example, Samuel Pepys referred to the town as "Flushing" in his diaries. In 1673 Sir William Temple referred to Vlissingen as "Flushing" once and "Flussingue" twice in his book about the Netherlands.[2] Some English writers in the Netherlands also used the Dutch name.
Flushing, originally a Dutch colonial village and now part of Queens, New York City, was first called Vlissingen after the town in the Netherlands. The English settlers who also came to live in the village[3] shortened the name to "Vlissing" and then began to call it by its English name, Flushing, and this continued and grew after the conquest of New Netherland. The corruption of "Vlissingen" into "Flushing" did not occur after the conquest of New Netherland, but in England well before then. This village was the site of the Flushing Remonstrance.
The village of Flushing in Cornwall was also named after Vlissingen. Originally named Nankersey, the village was given its name by Dutch engineers from Vlissingen in the Netherlands who built the three main quays in the village.
Even in modern times, some use "Flushing" as the English name of the town and maintain that it is still the correct English name.
Tourist attraction
- Beeldenhuis (Statuehouse)
- Belgische Loodshuizen (Belgian Maritime Pilotshouses)
- Beursgebouw (Marketbuilding)
- Dokje van Perry (Perry's Dock)
- Fontein ter nagedachtenis aan Elisabeth Wolff en Agatha Deken (Fountain)
- Fort Rammekens
- Garnizoensbakkerij en Kazematten (Garrisonbakery & Casemates
- Gevangentoren (Prisontower)
- Grote of Sint-Jacobskerk (Saint-Jameschurch)
- Het Arsenaal (The Arsenal)
- Hoofdkantoor 'De Schelde' (Headquarter 'De Schelde')
- Koopvaardijmonument (Merchant Navy Monument)
- Lampsinshuis (House of the Lampsins family)
- Leeuwentrap (Lionsstairs)
- Lutherse kerk (Evangelical Lutheran Church)
- Zeevaartschool (Ship transport school)
- Standbeeld Michiel de Ruyter (Michiel de Ruyter Statue)
- NS-Station Vlissingen (Train Station)
- Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk (Church of Our Lady)
- Oranjemolen (The Orange Mill)
- Plein Vier Winden (Square Four Winds)
- Sardijntoren (Sardijntower)
- Stadhuis Vlissingen (City Hall)
- Timmerfabriek (Carpentryfactory)
- Watertoren (Water tower)
- Willem III Kazerne (Barracks of William III)
- Windorgel (Windorgan)
- Wooldhuis (Wooldhouse)
- Zeemanserve (Cornelia Quackshofje) (Seaman's quarter)
Topography
Topographic map of Vlissingen, 2011
Climate
Vlissingen has a temperate climate (Cfb in the Köppen classification system) that is milder than the rest of the Netherlands. In Vlissingen, for example, the night temperature is 2.0°C above freezing point, while many cities have averages below zero on its records.
| Climate data for Vlissingen (Flushing) 1981-2010 (snowy days: 1971-2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.1 (50.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.4 (43.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
4.9 (40.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
2.0 (35.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.1 (43.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.5 (2.30) |
48.0 (1.89) |
51.1 (2.01) |
38.7 (1.52) |
52.6 (2.07) |
63.2 (2.49) |
64.1 (2.52) |
74.9 (2.95) |
69.4 (2.73) |
76.1 (3.00) |
77.1 (3.04) |
69.0 (2.72) |
742.8 (29.24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 18 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 17 | 180 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 cm) | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 20 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 67.8 | 89.2 | 134.2 | 187.2 | 218.3 | 215.5 | 223.2 | 207.4 | 152.9 | 116.5 | 68.7 | 52.1 | 1,733.1 |
| Source: [4] | |||||||||||||
Famous people
A surprising number of Dutch admirals were born in Vlissingen. Among them are Michiel Adriaanszoon de Ruijter, Joost and Adriaen Banckert and the three admirals Cornelis Evertsen. See further People from Vlissingen.
The English poet and playwright Christopher Marlowe was arrested in Vlissingen for counterfeiting coins, and deported from there back to England on 26 January 1592.
Transport
- Railway stations: Vlissingen, Vlissingen Souburg.
- Ferry connection to Breskens, since the Western Scheldt Tunnel was opened on March 2003 for pedestrians and cyclists only.
Cultural references
- Vlissingen is the setting for the conclusion of Arthur Ransome's children's adventure novel We Didn't Mean to Go to Sea
References
- ^ Smith, Zns. "Vlissingen Slave Port". Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ ="Breaking the Silence, Learning about the Transatlantic Slave Trade website, is a joint initiative between UNESCO, Anti-Slavery International, the British Council and the Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation (NORAD).">Martin, S.I. "Vlissingen Slave Port". Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ Sir William Temple, Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands, ed. Sir George Clark (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1672), pp. 40, 48 & 116
- ^ Russell Shorto, The Island at the Centre of the World (Black Swan, 2004) pp. 338-9
- ^ "Klimaattabel Vlissingen normaalperiode 1981-2010" (PDF). KNMI. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
External links
- Official website (English)
- Sounds of the Windorgan at the Vlissingen beach
- Map
- A Short History of Flushing, C.H.J. Peters
- Port of Vlissingen
- Tourist site about Vlissingen
- Vlissingen railway station:
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