Qutb Shah: Difference between revisions
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'''Qutb Shah''' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|قطب شاه}}}}) was the ruler of [[Herat#Ghaznavids|Herat]]{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} and a general in the army of [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi]]{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}. Qutub Shah was a [[Hashemite]] descendant of [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah]], son of [[Ali|Hazart Ali |
'''Qutb Shah''' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|قطب شاه}}}}) was the ruler of [[Herat#Ghaznavids|Herat]]{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} and a general in the army of [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi]]{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}. Qutub Shah was a [[Hashemite]] descendant of [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah]], son of [[Ali|Hazart Ali]],<ref>Expectati on of the millennium: Shiʻism in history By Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Hamid Dabashi, Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr , Published by Stae University of New York Press , Page 12</ref> who was the son of [[Ali]], who in turn was the cousin and son-in-law of the prophet [[Muhammad]].<ref name="books.google.co.uk">[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1QmrSwFYe60C&pg=PA26&vq=khokhar&dq=khokhar+source%3Dbl&source=gbs_search_s&cad=0#PPA26,M1%20 Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose, IBBETSON, Maclagan]</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:26, 3 November 2013
| Qutb Shah | |
|---|---|
| General | |
| Reign | 961–963 AD |
| Born | Herat, Afghanistan |
| Died | 1011 Herat, Afghanistan |
| Burial | |
| House | Hashemite |
| Religion | Islam |
Qutb Shah (Persian: قطب شاه) was the ruler of Herat[citation needed] and a general in the army of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi[citation needed]. Qutub Shah was a Hashemite descendant of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, son of Hazart Ali,[1] who was the son of Ali, who in turn was the cousin and son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad.[2]
Historical sources attest that the Khorasan and Herat were under the rule of King Nuh III of Samanids[3] the seventh of the Samanid line—at the time of Sebük Tigin and his older son, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi.
The governor of Herāt was a noble by the name of Faik,[3] who governed on behalf of King Nuh III[citation needed]. Faik was a powerful, but insubordinate governor of Nuh III[citation needed]; and had been punished by Nuh III. Faik made overtures to Bogra Khan and Ughar Khan of Khorasan[citation needed]. Bogra Khan answered Faik's call, came to Herāt and became its master.[4]
In 994, Nuh III invited Alp Tigin to come to his aid. Alp Tigin, along with Mahmud of Ghazni, defeated Faik and annexed Herāt, Nishapur and Tous.[5]
Biography
Qutb Shah and nine of his sons accompanied and assisted Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi[citation needed] in his early eleventh-century conquests of what today forms parts of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and Northern India[citation needed], who, according to tribal traditions, settled primarily in the Salt Range[citation needed].
Legacy
Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to Islam from Zoroastrianism [citation needed]. Qutb Shah’s sons are said to have settled in different regions of the Punjab and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near Sakesar[citation needed], Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in Kalabagh[citation needed],Chauhan colonized the hills close to the Jehlum[citation needed], Mohammad Shah or Khokhar, settled by the Kahar[citation needed], and Tori and Jhajh settled in Padhrar[citation needed]. All these regions collectively less Kalabagh and Sakesar are referred to as "Wanhar" today. Their descendants not only came to heavily populate these regions.[6]
The descendants of Qutb Shah are the Qutb Shahi Awans and Chuhans & Khokhars Areas belonging to these tribe are referred to as the martial areas of present day Pakistan i.e. Lahore, Multan, Bahawalpur, Montgomery, Derah Ismail Khan, Derah Ghazi Khan, Jhang, Shahpur, Sialkot, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Jehlum, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Talagang and Muzaffargarh. History bears testimony to the fact that these tribes have proved to be the most reliable and potent force as warriors in sub continent..[7][8]
However, most of these claims can be traced to the works of H. A. Rose in the book 'Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province'[9][10][11] and confirms his findings to H M Eliot and Dowson's book The History of India, as told by its own Historians .
H. A. Rose then, in the same book, goes on to accept the Awan and Alvi to be of Arab origin, But in the best available account of the tribes, the families are indeed said to be of Arabian origin and descendants of Qutb Shah, but he is said to have ruled Herat and to have joined Mahmud of Ghazni when he invaded India
See also
References
- ^ Expectati on of the millennium: Shiʻism in history By Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Hamid Dabashi, Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr , Published by Stae University of New York Press , Page 12
- ^ Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province By H.A. Rose, IBBETSON, Maclagan
- ^ a b The heart of Asia: a history of Russian Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the earliest times By Francis Henry Skrine, Edward Denison RossEdition: illustrated Published by Routledge, 2004 Page 117 ISBN 0-7007-1017-5, ISBN 978-0-7007-1017-1.
- ^ The heart of Asia: a history of Russian Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the earliest times By Francis Henry Skrine, Edward Denison RossEdition: illustrated Published by Routledge, 2004 Page 117 ISBN 0-7007-1017-5, ISBN 978-0-7007-1017-1
- ^ Skrine, Francis Henry; Ross, Edward Denison. The heart of Asia: a history of Russian Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the earliest times. Routledge.
