Greater Los Angeles: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
ClueBot NG (talk | contribs) m Reverting possible vandalism by Gfbnbgsfgaj to version by Lineslarge. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot NG. (1738390) (Bot) |
←Replaced content with ':):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):)' Tag: blanking |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
:):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):) |
|||
{{For|the metropolitan area consisting of Los Angeles and Orange Counties|Los Angeles metropolitan area}} |
|||
{{Infobox settlement |
|||
|name = Greater Los Angeles | or Southland |
|||
|settlement_type = [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|Metropolitan region]] |
|||
|other_name = Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside CSA |
|||
|image_skyline = LA Skyline Mountains2.jpg |
|||
|imagesize = 280px |
|||
|image_map = Long Beach, CA at night.jpg |
|||
|mapsize = 280px |
|||
|image_map1 = Riverside 06Skyline.JPG |
|||
|mapsize1 = 280px |
|||
|image_caption = '''Los Angeles''' |
|||
| map_caption = '''Long Beach''' |
|||
| map_caption1 = '''Riverside''' |
|||
|image_dot_map = |
|||
|dot_mapsize = |
|||
|dot_map_caption = |
|||
|dot_x = |dot_y = |
|||
|pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map --> |
|||
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> |
|||
|pushpin_map_caption = |
|||
|pushpin_mapsize = |
|||
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
|||
|subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States of America}}}} |
|||
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |
|||
|subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|California}} |
|||
|subdivision_type2 = |
|||
|subdivision_name2 = |
|||
---- |
|||
|subdivision_type3 = Principal city |
|||
|subdivision_name3 = {{flag|Los Angeles}} |
|||
|subdivision_type4 = Other major cities |
|||
|subdivision_name4 = - [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]<br /> - [[Riverside, California|Riverside]]<br /> - [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]]<br /> - [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]]<br /> - [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]]<br /> - [[Irvine, California|Irvine]]<br /> - [[Oxnard, California|Oxnard]]<br /> - [[Ontario, California|Ontario]] |
|||
|government_footnotes = |
|||
|government_type = |
|||
|leader_title = |
|||
|leader_name = |
|||
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |
|||
|leader_name1 = |
|||
|leader_title2 = |
|||
|leader_name2 = |
|||
|leader_title3 = |
|||
|leader_name3 = |
|||
|leader_title4 = |
|||
|leader_name4 |
|||
|established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
|||
|established_date = |
|||
|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
|||
|established_date2 = |
|||
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
|||
|established_date3 = |
|||
|area_magnitude = |
|||
|unit_pref = US |
|||
|area_footnotes = |
|||
|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |
|||
|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |
|||
|area_water_km2 = |
|||
|area_total_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_land_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_water_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_water_percent = |
|||
|area_urban_km2 = |
|||
|area_urban_sq_km = |
|||
|area_metro_km2 = 87,490 (overestimated) |
|||
|area_metro_sq_mi = 33,954 |
|||
|area_blank1_title = |
|||
|area_blank1_ mi2 = |
|||
|area_blank2_title = |
|||
|area_blank2_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_note = |
|||
| elevation_footnotes = |
|||
| elevation_ft = 0-11,499 |
|||
| population_footnotes = |
|||
| population_total = 18,081,569 |
|||
| population_as_of = 2011 |
|||
| population_density_sq_mi = 526.5 |
|||
| population_demonym = |
|||
| population_note = [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|Ranked 2nd in the US]] |
|||
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] |
|||
|utc_offset = -8 |
|||
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]] |
|||
|utc_offset_DST = -7 |
|||
|latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS= |
|||
|longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW= |
|||
|elevation_footnotes = |
|||
|elevation_m = 0 – 3,505 |
|||
|elevation_ft = 0 – 11,499 |
|||
| area_code = [[Area code 213|213]], [[Area code 323|323]] [[Area code 310|310]], [[Area code 424|424]], [[Area code 442|442]], [[Area code 562|562]], [[Area code 626|626]], [[Area code 657|657]], [[Area code 661|661]], [[Area code 714|714]], [[Area code 760|760]], [[Area code 805|805]], [[Area code 818|818]], [[Area code 909|909]], [[Area code 949|949]], [[Area code 951|951]] |
|||
}} |
|||
The '''Greater Los Angeles Area,''' or the '''Southland,''' is a term used for both the urbanized region and [[Combined Statistical Area]] (a group of interacting metropolitan areas) sprawling over five counties in the [[Southern California|southern part of California]], namely [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]], [[Orange County, California|Orange]], [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]], [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]], and [[Ventura County, California|Ventura]] counties. Throughout the 20th century, it was one of the fastest-growing regions in the United States, although growth has slowed since 2000. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 U.S. Census]], the Los Angeles metropolitan area had a population of about 12.8 million residents. Meanwhile, the larger metropolitan region's population at the 2010 census was estimated to be over 17.8 million residents, and a 2011 estimate reported a population of about 18.1 million. Either definition makes it the second largest metropolitan region in the country, behind the [[New York metropolitan area]], as well as one of the largest [[urban agglomeration]]s in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metroarea.html|accessdate=2008-03-30}}</ref><ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html] World's Largest Metropolitan Areas, 2012</ref> |
|||
The agglomeration of the [[urbanization|urbanized]] Greater Los Angeles area surrounds the urban core of Los Angeles County. The regional term is defined to refer to the more-or-less continuously urbanized area stretching from Ventura County to the southern border of Orange County and from the Pacific Ocean to the Coachella Valley in the Inland Empire. The US Census Bureau defines the Greater Los Angeles area to include the entire [[Los Angeles county]], [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] and the two counties of the [[Inland Empire (California)|Inland Empire]], making up the "Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA" Combined Statistical Area. However this Census definition includes large, sparsely populated and primarily desert swaths of Los Angeles, San Bernardino and Riverside counties that are not part of the urbanized region. The term "Greater Los Angeles" does not include [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]] and [[Imperial County, California|Imperial]] counties, whose urbanized areas are not geographically continuous with the urbanized area surrounding Los Angeles. |
|||
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Los Angeles metropolitan area has a total area of {{convert|4850|sqmi|km2|0|sp=us}}, while the wider combined statistical area covers {{convert|33954|sqmi|km2|0|sp=us}}, making it the largest metropolitan region in the United States by land area. However, more than half of this area lies in the sparsely populated eastern areas of Riverside and San Bernardino counties. In addition to being the nexus of the world's largest entertainment industry, Greater Los Angeles is also a global center of business, international trade, education, media, fashion, tourism, science and technology, sports, and transportation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/10/cities.dominate.world/index.html?thisSpeed=30000 |title=Revealed: Cities that rule the world |publisher=CNN |date=April 10, 2010 |accessdate=October 20, 2011}}</ref> |
|||
== Geography == |
|||
{{wide image|Los Angeles Basin from Mulholland Pan.jpg|900px|The [[Los Angeles Basin]], viewed south from [[Mulholland Drive]]. From left to right can be seen the [[Santa Ana Mountains]] / [[Saddleback (Orange County, California)|Saddleback]] (horizon), [[Downtown Los Angeles|downtown L.A.]], the [[Hollywood Bowl]] (foreground), [[Mid-Wilshire]], [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] – [[Palos Verdes]] (background), [[Santa Catalina Island, California|Catalina Island]] (horizon), the [[South Bay, Los Angeles|Southbay]] and Pacific Ocean.}} |
|||
=== Urban form === |
|||
[[File:Att building LA.jpg|thumb|Skyscrapers in [[Downtown Los Angeles]]]] |
|||
Los Angeles has a long-standing reputation for [[urban sprawl|sprawl]]. The area is in fact sprawling, but according to the 2000 census, the "Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana" [[United States urban area|Urbanized Area]] (but not counting the portions of the Inland Empire in the Greater Los Angeles Area) had a [[population density]] of {{convert|7068|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|0|sp=us}}, covering {{convert|1668|sqmi|km2|0}} of land area, making it the most densely populated Urbanized Area (as defined by the [[United States Census Bureau]]) in the United States.<ref>American Factfinder, United States Census Bureau, Table: "GCT-PH1-R. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density (geographies ranked by total population): 2000" from Data Set: "Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data", accessed 10 October 2007 at: [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-PH1-R&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-12S&-_lang=en] See also: [[List of United States urban areas]]</ref> For comparison, the [[New York metropolitan area|"New York–Newark" Urbanized Area]] as a whole had a population density of {{convert|5309|/sqmi|/km2|0|sp=us}}, covering {{convert|3353|sqmi|km2|0}} of land area. |
|||
Los Angeles' sprawl may originate in the region's [[decentralization|decentralized]] structure. Its major commercial, financial, and cultural institutions are geographically dispersed rather than being concentrated in a single [[downtown]] or central area. Also, the population [[Population density|density]] of [[Los Angeles]] proper is low (approximately 7,500 people per square mile) when compared to some other large American cities such as [[New York City|New York]] (27,500), [[San Francisco]] (17,000), and [[Chicago]] (11,800).<ref>Haughton, Graham, and Colin Hunter, ''Sustainable Cities'', London: Routledge, 2003: 81.</ref> However, what gives the entire Los Angeles metro region a high density is the fact that many of the city's suburbs and satellites cities have high density rates.<ref>Bruegmann, Robert. ''Sprawl: A Compact History''. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2005: 65.</ref> Within its urbanized areas, Los Angeles is noted for having small lot sizes and low-rise buildings. Buildings in the area are low when compared to other large cities, mainly due to zoning regulations. Los Angeles became a major city just as the [[Pacific Electric Railway]] spread population to smaller cities much as interurbans did in East Coast cities. In the first decades of the twentieth century, the area was marked by a network of fairly dense but separate cities linked by rail. The ascendance of the [[automobile]] helped fill in the gaps between these commuter towns with lower-density settlements.<ref>{{cite book|last=Abu-Lughod|first=Janet L.|title=New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's Global Cities|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|location=Minneapolis|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8166-3336-4|accessdate=2009-04-30}}</ref> |
|||
[[File:La city dev.jpg|frame|right|A flat land area in the Greater Los Angeles Area completely filled with houses, buildings, roads, and freeways]] |
|||
Suburban areas surround the city of Los Angeles on all sides. In fact, the city proper has just a few miles of its land actually bordering the Pacific Ocean; some smaller geographically-sized suburbs and satellite cities tend to have large portions of their territory bordering the ocean. Starting in the early twentieth century, there was a large growth in population on the western edges of the city moving to the [[San Fernando Valley]] and out into the [[Conejo Valley]] in eastern [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]]. Much of the working class whites [[White flight|migrated]] to this area during the 1960s and 1970s out of East and Central Los Angeles.<ref>Gutierrez, David. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States''. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003: 94.</ref> As a result, there was a large growth in population into the Conejo Valley and into Ventura County through the [[U.S. Route 101 (California)|US 101]] corridor. Making the US 101 a full [[freeway]] in the 1960s and expansions that followed helped make [[commuting]] to Los Angeles easier and opened the way for development westward. Development in Ventura County and along the US 101 corridor remains controversial, with open-space advocates battling those who feel business development is necessary to economic growth.<ref>Curtiss, Aaron. "Bitter Land-Use Fights Seen For 101 Corridor Development." ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' 20 November 1993: B1.</ref> Although the area still has abundant amount of open space and land, almost all of it was put aside and mandated never to be developed as part of the master plan of each city. Because of this, the area which was once a relatively inexpensive area to buy real estate, saw rising real estate prices well into the 2000s.<ref>Olsen, Andy. "Local Home Prices Soar in May." ''Los Angeles Times'' 23 June 2003: B3.</ref> Median home prices in the Conejo Valley for instance, now range from $700,000 to $2.2 million.<ref>Griggs, Gregory. "Local Homes Get Even Pricier." ''Los Angeles Times'' 21 August 2003: B1.</ref> |
|||
The Los Angeles area continues to grow, principally on the periphery where new, cheaper, undeveloped areas are being sought.<ref name="Halle">{{cite book|last=Hale|first=David|title=New York and Los Angeles: Politics, Society, and Culture: A Comparative View|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|year=2003|pages=181–183, 185|isbn=978-0-226-31369-6|accessdate=2009-04-29}}</ref> As such, in these areas, populations as well as housing prices exploded, although the housing bubble popped late in the decade of the 2000s. Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, which contain large swaths of desert, attracted most of the population increase between 2000 and 2006. Growth continues not only outside the existing [[urbanization|urbanized]] area but also adjacent to existing development in the central areas.<ref name="Soja">{{cite book|last=Soja|first=Edward W.|title=Postmodern Geographies:The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory|publisher=Verso|location=London|year=1999|edition=5th|pages=224–233|chapter=Taking Los Angeles Apart|isbn=978-0-86091-936-0|accessdate=2009-04-29}}</ref> As in virtually all US core cities, there is now vigorous residential development in the downtown area with both new buildings and renovation of former office buildings. The ''Los Angeles Downtown News'' keeps a list of ongoing development projects, updated every quarter.<ref>[http://www.downtownnews.com/development http://www.downtownnews.com/development] ''downtownnews.com''</ref> |
|||
[[File:Downtown Los Angeles-02.jpg|thumb|Downtown Los Angeles]] |
|||
Changes in [[house price index|house prices]] for the area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the [[Case–Shiller index]]; the statistic is published by [[Standard & Poor's]] and is also a component of S&P's 10-city [[composite (finance)|composite index]] of the value of the residential real estate market. |
|||
=== Identity === |
|||
The term "Greater Los Angeles" can be used to denote the [[combined statistical area|metropolitan area]] or the consolidated area. The term "Southland" is more nebulous and can refer to either. Additionally, the Southland is used more so in local media than by residents. Employment is not only in the [[downtown Los Angeles|downtown]] area, but consistently occurs outside the central core. As such, many people commute throughout the city and suburbs in various directions for their work and daily activities, with a large portion heading to the municipalities that are outside the city of Los Angeles.<ref name="Wolch">{{cite book|last=Wolch|first=Jennifer R.|coauthors=Manuel Pastor, Peter Dreier|title=Up Against the Sprawl: Public Policy and the Making of Southern California|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|location=Minneapolis|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8166-4298-4}}</ref> |
|||
Unlike most metropolitan areas, regional identity remains a contentious issue in the Greater Los Angeles area, with many residents not acknowledging any association with the region as a whole. For example, while Los Angeles County and [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] together make up the smaller MSA region, the two have a host of sharp demographic, political, and financial distinctions. Orange County residents often attempt to be identified apart from Los Angeles although they make up the same metropolitan area. And while only 1.63% of Los Angeles residents commute to Orange County for work, over 6% of Orange County commuters head to Los Angeles for work.<ref>{{cite web|title=Orange County to County Commuting|url=http://www.calmis.ca.gov/file/commute-maps/orancommute.pdf|work=Labor Market Information Division}}</ref> Western Riverside County and San Bernardino County have become commuter regions characteristic of other suburban counties throughout the nation. Most residents in these counties commute to Los Angeles County and Orange County for employment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Riverside County is 'extreme commute' king|url=http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/03/31/news/californian/0_39_333_31_05.txt|work=North County Times}}</ref> |
|||
=== Boundaries === |
|||
[[File:LA at dawn.jpg|thumb|[[Los Angeles Basin]] at dawn]] |
|||
====Los Angeles==== |
|||
{{main|Los Angeles}} |
|||
With a population of 3.8 million people as of the 2010 Census, Los Angeles is the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, and is the focal point of the Greater Los Angeles Area.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn124.html | title = U.S. Census Bureau Releases Data on Population Distribution and Change in the U.S. Based on Analysis of 2010 Census Results | date = March 24, 2010 | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | accessdate =September 28, 2011}}</ref> As an international center for finance, entertainment, media, culture, education, tourism, and science, Los Angeles is considered one of the world's most powerful and influential [[global cities]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401 |title=The Global Cities Index 2010 |publisher=Foreign Policy |year=2010 |accessdate=October 20, 2011}}</ref> |
|||
As with some municipalities and areas in the metropolitan region, areas in Los Angeles proper can be defined as being bounded by natural features such as mountains or the ocean; others are marked by city boundaries, [[freeway]]s, or other constructed landmarks. For example, [[Downtown Los Angeles]] is the area of Los Angeles roughly enclosed by three freeways and one river: the [[Harbor Freeway]] ([[SR 110 (CA)|SR 110]]) to the west, the [[Santa Ana Freeway]] ([[U.S. Route 101 (California)|US 101]]) to the north, the [[Los Angeles River]] to the east, and the [[Santa Monica Freeway]] ([[I-10 (CA)|I-10]]) to the south.<ref name=LAT080807>Sharon Bernstein and David Pierson, "[http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-downtown8aug08,0,5462749,full.story L.A. moves toward more N.Y-style downtown]", ''Los Angeles Times'', August 8, 2007.</ref> Meanwhile, the [[San Fernando Valley]] ("The Valley") is defined as the basin consisting of the part of Los Angeles and its suburbs that lie north-northwest of downtown and is ringed by mountains.<ref>{{cite web|title=San Fernando Valley|work=Britannica Online Encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/521119/San-Fernando-Valley|accessdate=2009-08-31}}</ref> Other areas of the city of Los Angeles include the [[Westside, Los Angeles, California|Westside]], [[South Los Angeles]] (formerly known officially, and still referred to, as South Central L.A.), [[Harbor Area]], [[East Los Angeles (region)|East Los Angeles]], [[Greater Hollywood]], and [[Wilshire, Los Angeles|Wilshire]]. |
|||
====Los Angeles County==== |
|||
{{main|Los Angeles County, California}} |
|||
Los Angeles County, of which Los Angeles is the county seat, is the most populous county in the United States and is home to over a quarter of all California residents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb09-76.html |title=Newsroom: Population: Census Bureau Releases State and County Data Depicting Nation's Population Ahead of 2010 Census |publisher=Census.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-08-23}}</ref> The large size of the city of Los Angeles, as well as its history of annexing smaller towns, has made city boundaries in the central area of Los Angeles County quite complicated.<ref>[http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/ Mapping L.A. - Los Angeles Times]. Projects.latimes.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.</ref> Many cities are completely surrounded by the City of Los Angeles and are often included in the city's areas despite being independent municipalities. For example, [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]] and [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]] (which is completely surrounded by Los Angeles) are considered part of the Westside, while [[Compton, California|Compton]] and [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]] are associated with South L.A. Adjacent areas that are outside the actual city boundaries of incorporated Los Angeles but border the city itself, include the [[Santa Clarita Valley]], the [[San Gabriel Valley]], [[South Bay, Los Angeles|South Bay]], and the [[Gateway Cities]]. |
|||
Despite the large footprint of the City of Los Angeles, a majority of the land area within Los Angeles County is unincorporated and under the primary jurisdiction of Los Angeles County. Much of this land however, is that of which cannot be easily developed due to the planning challenges presented by geographic features such as the [[Santa Monica Mountains]], [[San Gabriel Mountains|San Gabriel Mountains range]], and the [[Mojave Desert]]. Land that is actually developed in these regions occurs on the fringes of incorporated cities, some of which have been fully developed, such as the suburbs of [[Palmdale, California|Palmdale]] and [[Lancaster, California|Lancaster]]. |
|||
====Orange County==== |
|||
{{main|Orange County, California}} |
|||
Orange County, together with Los Angeles County, is part of the [[Los Angeles metropolitan area]], the inner core of the Greater Los Angeles region. The county is mostly suburban, with no defined urban center. Originally a primarily agricultural area dependent on citrus crops, avocados, and oil extraction, Orange County became a [[bedroom community]] for Los Angeles upon the completion of numerous freeways linking it to the city, most notably [[Interstate 5 in California|Interstate 5]]. The growth of Los Angeles initially fueled population growth in Orange County, but the establishment of the tourism industry allowed it to become an important economic center as well. Today, Orange County is known for its tourist attractions, such as [[Disneyland]], [[Knott's Berry Farm]], and its several pristine beaches and coastline. Some larger cities in the county, such as [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]] and [[Irvine, California|Irvine]], have evolved to become centers of business and cultural attractions. |
|||
Orange County is sometimes figuratively divided into "North County" and "South County" by [[California State Route 55]] (Costa Mesa Freeway). While North County, which includes cities such as Anaheim, [[Fullerton, California|Fullerton]], and [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]], is the older, more diverse and urbanized area closer to Los Angeles, South County, which includes cities such as [[Laguna Beach, California|Laguna Beach]], [[Mission Viejo, California|Mission Viejo]], and [[San Clemente, California|San Clemente]], is more affluent, mostly white demographically, and consists of the more recently developed areas to the south and east. An exception to general South County traits is Irvine, which is more diverse than its surrounding cities and is a major center of employment. |
|||
====Ventura County==== |
|||
{{main|Ventura County, California}} |
|||
Ventura County is mostly suburban and rural and also has developed primarily through the growth of Los Angeles. The northern part of the county, however, remains largely undeveloped and is mostly within the [[Los Padres National Forest]]. Central and southern Ventura County formerly consisted of small towns along the Pacific Coast until the expansion of [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] drew in commuters from the San Fernando Valley. Master-planned cities soon began developing, and the county became increasingly urbanized. |
|||
====Inland Empire==== |
|||
{{main|Inland Empire (California)}} |
|||
The Inland Empire, consisting of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, contains fast-growing suburbs of the region, with a large to majority percentage of the working population commuting to either Los Angeles or Orange Counties for work. Originally an important center for [[citrus production]], the region became an important industrial area by the early 20th century.<ref name="citrus">{{Cite journal | last1 = Ruther | first1 = Walter | last2 = Calavan | first2= E. Clair | last3= Carman | first3= Glen E. | title=The Origins of Citrus Research in California | publisher = Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, [[University of California]] | year= 1989 | url=http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/citrus_history.pdf |format=PDF| journal=The Citrus Industry | volume= V | issue=Chapter 5 | location=Oakland | accessdate=August 21, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Petrix">{{cite news | last=Petrix | first= Mark | title= From two orange trees Sprang an Empire | date= October 30, 2007 | url= http://www.dailybulletin.com/ci_7335226 | work= [[Inland Valley Daily Bulletin]] | accessdate=November 15, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Sorba">{{cite news | last=Sorba | first= Michael | title= Rails reach the Inland Empire | date= October 30, 2007 | url= http://www.dailybulletin.com/ci_7334178 | work= [[Inland Valley Daily Bulletin]] | accessdate=November 27, 2007}}</ref> The Inland Empire also became a key transportation center following the completion of [[U.S. Route 66 (California)|Route 66]], and later [[Interstate 10 in California|Interstate 10]]. With the post-World War II economic boom leading to rapid development in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, land developers bulldozed acres of agricultural land to build suburbs in order to accommodate the Los Angeles area's expanding population.<ref name="citrus" /> The development of a regional [[Southern California freeways|freeway system]] facilitated the expansion of suburbs and human migration linking the Inland Empire and rest of Greater Los Angeles. Despite being primarily suburban, the Inland Empire is also home to important warehousing, shipping, logistics and retail industries, centered on the subregion's major cities of [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] and [[Ontario, California|Ontario]]. |
|||
While the Inland Empire is sometimes defined as the entirety of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, the eastern undeveloped, desert portions of these counties are not considered to be part of Greater Los Angeles. The state of California defines this area to include the cities of [[Adelanto, California|Adelanto]], [[Apple Valley, California|Apple Valley]], and [[Victorville, California|Victorville]] to the north, the Riverside–San Diego county line to the south, and the towns of [[Anza, California|Anza]], [[Idyllwild, California|Idyllwild]], and [[Lucerne Valley, California|Lucerne Valley]], along with the [[San Bernardino National Forest]] to the east.<ref>[http://www.visitcalifornia.com/media/pages/getting_around/maps/INLAND-EMPIRE.pdf State of California map of Inland Empire]</ref> However, with clear Northern and Southern limits to expansion, the region's urban eastern boundaries have become increasingly nebulous as [[suburban sprawl]] continues to spread out to form a unified whole with Los Angeles, with further development encroaching past the [[San Bernardino Mountains|San Bernardino]] and [[San Jacinto Mountains]] and into the outlying desert areas. As a result, the regional definition of Greater Los Angeles can now be extended to include [[Barstow, California|Barstow]] and surrounding towns in the northeast, the [[Morongo Basin]] in the east-central including [[Yucca Valley, CA|Yucca Valley]] and [[Twentynine Palms, California|Twentynine Palms]], and the [[Coachella Valley]] cities in the southeast. This interconnectivity, provided by one of the most extensive freeway systems in the world, as well as economic, social and media ties has blended boundaries between these regions and the urbanized Los Angeles and Inland Empire areas.<ref name="Rosenblatt">{{Cite news |
|||
| issn = 0458-3035 |
|||
| last = Rosenblatt |
|||
| first = Susannah |
|||
| title = 'Inland' for sure, 'Empire' maybe: Where's the boundary? |
|||
| work=Los Angeles Times |
|||
| accessdate =July 8, 2009 |
|||
| date = November 27, 2006 |
|||
| url = http://articles.latimes.com/2006/nov/27/local/me-inlandempire27 |
|||
}}</ref> |
|||
====Areas included by Census Bureau==== |
|||
While the above areas are included in the regional definition of Greater Los Angeles, the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] defines Greater Los Angeles, or officially, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside Combined Statistical Area, to include both the above mentioned areas along with the entirety of San Bernardino and Riverside counties.<ref name=OMB_10-02>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/assets/bulletins/b10-02.pdf|title=OMB Bulletin No. 10-02: Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses|publisher=[[United States Office of Management and Budget]]|date=December 1, 2009|accessdate=August 7, 2012}}</ref> These areas are sparsely developed and are part of the [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]] and [[Colorado Desert]]s. To the north, [[Interstate 15 in California|Interstate 15]] crosses desolate desert landscape after passing Barstow, linking Greater Los Angeles with [[Las Vegas]], with [[Baker, California|Baker]] being the only significant outpost along the route. To the east, lie the [[Mojave National Preserve]] and [[Joshua Tree National Park]] along with the towns of [[Needles, California|Needles]] and [[Blythe, California|Blythe]] on the California-Arizona border. |
|||
==Census statistics== |
|||
[[File:GreaterLAmap.png|thumb|250px|Southland map showing [[Combined Statistical Area|CSA]], [[Metropolitan Statistical Area|MSA]]'s, and [[Urban Area|UA]]'s]] |
|||
===Combined Statistical Area=== |
|||
The Los Angeles Combined Statistical Area consists of the entirety of the counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, San Bernardino, and Riverside, including the sparsely developed eastern portions of the latter two that are not included in the regional definition of Greater Los Angeles. As of the 2010 United States Census, it is home to nearly half of all California residents.<ref name="popEst">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2009-01.csv|format=CSV|title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009|date=December 22, 2009|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=December 24, 2009}}</ref> |
|||
===Metropolitan Statistical Areas=== |
|||
{{further|List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas}} |
|||
The [[Los Angeles metropolitan area]] comprises Los Angeles County (2010 population: 9,862,049) and Orange County (2010 population: 3,010,759). It is officially designated by the US Census Bureau as the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The total population for the Los Angeles metropolitan area at the 2010 Census was 12,872,808.<ref name=popcsa/> |
|||
In addition to the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the following [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]]s are also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA Combined Statistical Area:<ref name=popcsa>[http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2008/CSA-EST2008-alldata.csv U.S. Census Bureau – Combined statistical area population and estimated components of change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008]{{dead link|date=April 2012}}</ref> [[Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (2010 population: 797,740), within [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]], and the [[Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (2010 population: 4,115,871), made up of [[Riverside County, California|Riverside County]] (2010 population: 2,100,516) and [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino County]] (2010 population: 2,015,355). |
|||
==== Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana MSA ==== |
|||
[[File:Los Angeles, CA from the air.jpg|thumb|View of Downtown Los Angeles, the [[central business district]] of the region]] |
|||
List of cities with populations of over 60,000 as of the 2010 U.S. Census: |
|||
{| |
|||
|- |
|||
|valign=top| |
|||
* [[Los Angeles]] (3,792,621) |
|||
* [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] (462,257) |
|||
* [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]] (336,265) |
|||
* [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]] (324,528) |
|||
* [[Irvine, California|Irvine]] (212,375) |
|||
* [[Glendale, California|Glendale]] (191,719) |
|||
* [[Huntington Beach, California|Huntington Beach]] (189,992) |
|||
* [[Santa Clarita, California|Santa Clarita]] (176,320) |
|||
* [[Garden Grove, California|Garden Grove]] (170,883) |
|||
* [[Lancaster, California|Lancaster]] (156,633) |
|||
* [[Palmdale, California|Palmdale]] (152,750) |
|||
* [[Pomona, California|Pomona]] (149,058) |
|||
* [[Torrance, California|Torrance]] (145,438) |
|||
* [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] (137,122) |
|||
* [[Orange, California|Orange]] (136,416) |
|||
* [[Fullerton, California|Fullerton]] (135,161) |
|||
|valign=top| |
|||
* [[El Monte, California|El Monte]] (113,475) |
|||
* [[Downey, California|Downey]] (111,772) |
|||
* [[Costa Mesa, California|Costa Mesa]] (109,960) |
|||
* [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]] (109,673) |
|||
* [[West Covina, California|West Covina]] (106,098) |
|||
* [[Norwalk, California|Norwalk]] (105,549) |
|||
* [[Burbank, California|Burbank]] (103,340) |
|||
* [[Compton, California|Compton]] (96,455) |
|||
* [[South Gate, California|South Gate]] (94,396) |
|||
* [[Mission Viejo, California|Mission Viejo]] (93,305) |
|||
* [[Carson, California|Carson]] (91,714) |
|||
* [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]] (89,736) |
|||
* [[Westminster, California|Westminster]] (89,701) |
|||
* [[Whittier, California|Whittier]] (85,331) |
|||
* [[Newport Beach, California|Newport Beach]] (85,186) |
|||
|valign=top| |
|||
* [[Hawthorne, California|Hawthorne]] (84,293) |
|||
* [[Alhambra, California|Alhambra]] (83,089) |
|||
* [[Buena Park, California|Buena Park]] (80,530) |
|||
* [[Lakewood, California|Lakewood]] (80,048) |
|||
* [[Lake Forest, California|Lake Forest]] (77,264) |
|||
* [[Bellflower, California|Bellflower]] (76,616) |
|||
* [[Tustin, California|Tustin]] (75,540) |
|||
* [[Baldwin Park, California|Baldwin Park]] (75,390) |
|||
* [[Lynwood, California|Lynwood]] (69,772) |
|||
* [[Redondo Beach, California|Redondo Beach]] (66,748) |
|||
* [[Yorba Linda, California|Yorba Linda]] (64,234) |
|||
* [[San Clemente, California|San Clemente]] (63,522) |
|||
* [[Pico Rivera, California|Pico Rivera]] (62,942) |
|||
* [[Montebello, California|Montebello]] (62,500) |
|||
* [[Monterey Park, California|Monterey Park]] (60,269) |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario MSA ==== |
|||
[[File:From San Bernardino Mtns.jpg|thumb|View of the [[San Bernardino Valley]]]] |
|||
List of cities with populations of over 60,000 as of the 2010 U.S. Census: |
|||
{| |
|||
|- |
|||
|valign=top| |
|||
* [[Riverside, California|Riverside]] (303,871) |
|||
* [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] (209,924) |
|||
* [[Fontana, California|Fontana]] (196,069) |
|||
* [[Moreno Valley, California|Moreno Valley]] (193,365) |
|||
* [[Rancho Cucamonga, California|Rancho Cucamonga]] (165,269) |
|||
* [[Ontario, California|Ontario]] (163,924) |
|||
* [[Corona, California|Corona]] (152,374) |
|||
* [[Victorville, California|Victorville]] (115,903) |
|||
* [[Murrieta, California|Murrieta]] (103,466) |
|||
* [[Temecula, California|Temecula]] (100,097) |
|||
|valign=top| |
|||
* [[Rialto, California|Rialto]] (99,171) |
|||
* [[Hesperia, California|Hesperia]] (90,173) |
|||
* [[Hemet, California|Hemet]] (78,657) |
|||
* [[Chino, California|Chino]] (77,983) |
|||
* [[Indio, California|Indio]] (76,036) |
|||
* [[Chino Hills, California|Chino Hills]] (74,799) |
|||
* [[Upland, California|Upland]] (73,732) |
|||
* [[Apple Valley, California|Apple Valley]] (69,135) |
|||
* [[Redlands, California|Redlands]] (68,747) |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura MSA ==== |
|||
[[File:VenturaNW.jpg|thumb|View of the Ventura MSA coast]] |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[Oxnard, California|Oxnard]] (199,943) |
|||
* [[Thousand Oaks, California|Thousand Oaks]] (127,984) |
|||
* [[Simi Valley, California|Simi Valley]] (125,814) |
|||
* [[Ventura, California|Ventura]] (108,787) |
|||
* [[Camarillo, California|Camarillo]] (65,895) |
|||
* [[Moorpark, California|Moorpark]] (34,779) |
|||
* [[Santa Paula, California|Santa Paula]] (29,321) |
|||
* [[Port Hueneme, California|Port Hueneme]] (21,723) |
|||
* [[Fillmore, California|Fillmore]] (15,002) |
|||
* [[Carpinteria, California|Carpinteria]] (13,040) |
|||
* [[Ojai, California|Ojai]] (7,461) |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
{{-}} |
|||
=== Demographics === |
|||
{{USCensusPop |
|||
|1900 = 250187 |
|||
|1910 = 648316 |
|||
|1920 = 1150252 |
|||
|1930 = 2597066 |
|||
|1940 = 3252720 |
|||
|1950 = 4934246 |
|||
|1960 = 7751616 |
|||
|1970 = 9972037 |
|||
|1980 = 11497486 |
|||
|1990 = 14531529 |
|||
|2000 = 16373645 |
|||
|2010 = 17877006 |
|||
|estimate = 18238998 |
|||
|estyear = 2012 |
|||
| footnote=historical data source:<ref>{{cite web |
|||
| url=http://www.lgc.org/freepub/PDF/Land_Use/reports/older_suburbs_in_LA.pdf |
|||
| format=PDF |
|||
| title=Older Suburbs in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area |
|||
| work=Local Government Commission}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
According to the 2000 census, there were 16,373,645 people residing in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The racial makeup of the area was 55.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (39.0% White Non-Hispanic), 10.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 7.6% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.9% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 21.0% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 4.7% from two or more races. 40.3% of the population were [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] of any race. 31.0% of the population (5.068 million) was foreign born; of this, 62.1% came from Latin America, 28.9% from Asia, 6.0% from Europe, and 3.0% from other parts of the world. 20.2% of the population (3.31 million) was born in different states. |
|||
The explosive growth of the region in the 20th century can be attributed to its favorable [[Mediterranean climate]], the availability of land and many booming industries such as [[oil industry|oil]], [[automobile industry|automobile]] and rubber, [[movie industry|motion pictures]] and aerospace which in turn attracted millions of people from all over the United States and world.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Citrus production was important to the region's development in the earlier part of the 20th century.<ref name="Garcia">{{cite book|last=Garcia|first=Matt|title=A World of its Own: Race, Labor, and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900–1970|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina|year=2001|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-8078-2658-4|accessdate=2009-04-28}}</ref> |
|||
While the [[New York metropolitan area]] is presently the most populous metropolitan area in the United States, it has been predicted in the past that Greater Los Angeles will eventually surpass Greater New York in population.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} Whether this will happen is yet to be seen, but past predictions on this event have been off the mark. A 1966 article in ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' predicted Greater Los Angeles would surpass New York by 1975, and that by 1990, would reach close to the 19 million mark.<ref>{{Cite news | last = | first = | title = Magnet in the West | newspaper = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = 1966-09-02 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,842728-4,00.html | accessdate = 2008-04-24 | postscript = <!--None-->}} ''"Greater Los Angeles is already the second-most-populous metropolis in the U.S., is almost sure to surpass New York by 1975. Last week alone, some 5,000 people moved into the area. By 1990, such growth will make the city the hub of an uninterrupted urbanized stretch of almost 19 million inhabitants occupying the 175-mile-long, coastal area that runs from Santa Barbara in the north to San Diego in the south."''</ref> But the article's flawed definition of Greater Los Angeles included [[San Diego]], which is actually its own [[San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA MSA|metropolitan area]]. A 1989 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' predicted Greater Los Angeles would surpass Greater New York by 2010,<ref>{{Cite news | last = Reinhold | first = Robert | title = No Headline | newspaper = [[The New York Times]] | date = 1989-08-28 | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE0DC1330F93BA1575BC0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 | accessdate = 2008-04-24 | quote=and the region's population will surpass New York's, reaching 18.3 million in 2010 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> but the article predicted the population would be 18.3 million in that year, a number Greater New York has already surpassed as of 2007 by half a million people. As of 2009, the New York metropolitan area had a population of 22.2 million compared to the Greater Los Angeles Area's 18.7 million, about a 3.56 million persons difference.<ref>Excerpted from [[California Department of Finance]]</ref> Percentage growth, however, has been higher in Greater Los Angeles over the past few decades than in Greater New York. |
|||
== Regions of the Southland == |
|||
[[File:California Poppies3.jpg|thumb|right|[[California poppy|California poppies]] in [[Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve]] ]] |
|||
While there is not official designation for the regions that comprise Greater Los Angeles, one authority, the ''Los Angeles Times'', divides the area into the following regions:<ref>{{cite news| url=http://projects.latimes.com/mapping-la/neighborhoods/ | work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> |
|||
* [[Angeles National Forest|Angeles Forest]] |
|||
* [[Antelope Valley]] |
|||
* Central L.A. ([[Downtown Los Angeles]], [[Hollywood]], etc.) |
|||
* [[East Los Angeles (region)|Eastside]] |
|||
* Harbor (see [[Gateway Cities]]) |
|||
* Northeast L.A. ([[Highland Park, Los Angeles|Highland Park]], [[Eagle Rock, Los Angeles|Eagle Rock]], etc.) |
|||
* Northwest County (including the [[Santa Clarita Valley]]) |
|||
* [[Pomona Valley]] |
|||
* [[San Fernando Valley]] |
|||
* [[San Gabriel Valley]] |
|||
* [[Santa Monica Mountains]] ([[Malibu, California|Malibu]], [[Topanga, California|Topanga]], etc.) |
|||
* [[South Bay, Los Angeles|South Bay]] |
|||
* [[South Los Angeles]] |
|||
* Southeast Los Angeles County (including [[Norwalk, California|Norwalk]] and [[Whittier, California|Whittier]], see [[Gateway Cities]]) |
|||
* The Verdugos (including [[Glendale, California|Glendale]], [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] and the [[Crescenta Valley]]) |
|||
* [[Westside (Los Angeles County)|Westside]] |
|||
Regions in adjacent counties include: |
|||
* [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] |
|||
* [[Inland Empire, California|Inland Empire]] |
|||
* [[Conejo Valley]] |
|||
* [[Oxnard Plain]] |
|||
* [[High Desert (California)|High Desert]] (includes [[Antelope Valley]], [[Victor Valley, California|Victor Valley]] and [[Morongo Basin]]) |
|||
* [[Low Desert]] ([[Coachella Valley]]) |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
== Politics == |
|||
{| class="wikitable" class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin:1em 0 1em 1em; font-size:95%;" |
|||
|+ '''Presidential Election Results''' |
|||
|- |
|||
! Year |
|||
![[Republican Party (United States)|GOP]] |
|||
![[Democratic Party (United States)|DEM]] |
|||
!Others |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 2008|2008]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|37.3% ''2,099,609'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''60.8%''' ''3,425,319'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.9% ''107,147'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 2004|2004]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|45.3% ''2,490,150'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''53.4%''' ''2,932,429'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.3% ''69,649'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 2000|2000]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|41.3% ''2,003,114'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''54.6%''' ''2,652,907'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|4.1% ''198,750'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1996|1996]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|38.3% ''1,661,209'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''51.3%''' ''2,220,837'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|10.4% ''449,706'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1992|1992]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|33.8% ''1,657,151'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''45.0%''' ''2,202,345'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|21.2% ''1,038,448'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1988|1988]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''53.8%''' ''2,408,696'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|45.0% ''2,014,670'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.2% ''54,441'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1984|1984]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''60.6%''' ''2,614,904'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|38.3% ''1,650,231'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|1.1% ''48,225'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1980|1980]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''55.5%''' ''2,187,859'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|35.0% ''1,381,285'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|9.5% ''374,993'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1976|1976]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''50.8%''' ''1,877,267'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|46.7% ''1,728,532'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|2.5% ''93,554'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1972|1972]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''57.7%''' ''2,346,127'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|38.7% ''1,573,708'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|3.6% ''146,653'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1968|1968]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''50.3%''' ''1,836,478'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|43.0% ''1,570,478'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|7.3% ''247,280'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1964|1964]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|44.0% ''1,578,837'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''55.9%''' ''2,006,184'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.1% ''2,488'' |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''[[United States presidential election, 1960|1960]]''' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''50.8%''' ''1,677,962'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|48.9% ''1,612,924'' |
|||
| style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;"|0.3% ''10,524'' |
|||
|} |
|||
Greater Los Angeles is a politically divided metropolitan area. During the 1970s and 1980s the region leaned toward the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]], the most populous of the region, is a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] stronghold, although it voted twice for both Richard Nixon (1968 and 1972) and Ronald Reagan (1980 and 1984). [[Riverside County, California|Riverside County]], [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino County]], and [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] lean toward the Republican Party. [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]] Is politically divided. |
|||
==Economy== |
|||
The Greater Los Angeles Area has the third largest metropolitan economy in the world, behind [[Greater Tokyo Area]] and [[New York Metropolitan Area]]. {{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} A 2010 Greyhill Advisors study indicated that the Los Angeles metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of $736 billion.<ref>[http://greyhill.com/gross-metropolitan-product Gross Metropolitan Product - Greyhill Advisors]. Greyhill.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-29.</ref> Greater Los Angeles (including the Inland Empire and [[Ventura County, California|Ventura County]]) had a $770.6 billion economy.<ref>[http://www.usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0107/GMPreport.pdf U.S. Metro Economies: GMP – The Engines of America's Growth<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
|||
Greater Los Angeles Area is the home of the US national headquarters of almost all Asian major car manufacturers except [[Nissan]] and [[Subaru]] (Nissan moved to [[Tennessee]]; Subaru first located in [[Philadelphia]] but moved to [[New Jersey]]); Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, Hyundai and Kia have set up their national headquarters here.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} |
|||
===Entertainment=== |
|||
Promoted as the "[[The Entertainment Capital of the World|Entertainment Capital of the World]]", Greater Los Angeles is one of the world's largest tourist destinations. Major attractions include: |
|||
'''Beaches''' |
|||
[[File:Laguna Beach condos.jpg|thumb|right|[[Laguna Beach]] coastline is popular for sunbathers]] |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[Venice, Los Angeles|Venice Beach]] |
|||
* [[Santa Monica State Beach]] |
|||
* [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] |
|||
* [[Manhattan Beach, California|Manhattan Beach]] |
|||
* [[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]] |
|||
* [[Redondo Beach, California|Redondo Beach]] |
|||
* [[Belmont Shore, Long Beach, California|Belmont Shore]], Long Beach |
|||
* [[Huntington State Beach]] |
|||
* [[Sunset Beach, California|Sunset Beach]], Huntington Beach |
|||
* [[Laguna Beach, California|Laguna Beach]] |
|||
* [[Capistrano Beach, Dana Point, California|Capistrano Beach]], Dana Point |
|||
* [[Bolsa Chica State Beach]] |
|||
* [[Newport Beach, California|Newport Beach]] |
|||
* [[San Clemente State Beach]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Shopping''' |
|||
[[File:Two Rodeo1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rodeo Drive]] in [[Beverly Hills]]]] |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[Beverly Center]] |
|||
* [[Cerritos Towne Center]] |
|||
* [[Del Amo Mall]] |
|||
* [[Downtown Disney (Disneyland Resort)|Downtown Disney]] |
|||
* [[Fashion Island]] |
|||
* [[Glendale Galleria]] |
|||
* [[The Grove at Farmer's Market]] |
|||
* [[Hollywood and Highland Center]] |
|||
* [[Irvine Spectrum Center]] |
|||
* [[Los Cerritos Center]] |
|||
* [[The Oaks (Thousand Oaks, California)|The Oaks]] |
|||
* [[Ontario Mills]] |
|||
* [[The Outlets at Orange]] |
|||
* [[Rodeo Drive]] |
|||
* [[Santa Monica Place]]/[[Third Street Promenade]] |
|||
* [[Sherman Oaks Galleria]] |
|||
* [[South Bay Galleria]] |
|||
* [[South Coast Plaza]] |
|||
* [[The Promenade at Howard Hughes Center]] |
|||
* [[Universal CityWalk]] |
|||
* [[Valencia Town Center]] |
|||
* [[Victoria Gardens (shopping center)|Victoria Gardens]] |
|||
* [[Westfield Century City]] |
|||
* [[Westfield MainPlace]] |
|||
* [[Westfield Santa Anita]] |
|||
* [[Westfield Topanga]] |
|||
* [[Westside Pavilion]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Motion picture studios''' |
|||
[[File:WarnerStudio.jpg|thumb|right|[[Warner Brothers Studios]] in the [[San Fernando Valley]] ]] |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[The Prospect Studios|ABC Television Center]] |
|||
* [[CBS Television City]] |
|||
* [[CBS Studio Center]] |
|||
* [[Charlie Chaplin Studios]] |
|||
* [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount Studios]] |
|||
* [[NBC Studios (Burbank)]] |
|||
* [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] |
|||
* [[Universal Studios]] |
|||
* [[Hollywood Center Studios]] |
|||
* [[20th Century Fox]] |
|||
* [[Ren-Mar Studios]] |
|||
* [[Sunset Gower Studios]] |
|||
* [[Sunset Bronson Studios]] |
|||
* [[Sony Pictures Entertainment]] |
|||
* [[Fox Television Center]] |
|||
* [[Nickelodeon Animation Studios]] |
|||
* [[Warner Bros.|Warner Brothers Studios]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:94583308 d0d872bc01 o.jpg|thumb|right|Blue Cavern Habitat at the [[Aquarium of the Pacific]] ]] --> |
|||
'''Nightlife''' |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[L.A. Live]] |
|||
* [[Sunset Strip]] |
|||
* [[Hollywood]] |
|||
* [[West Hollywood]] |
|||
* [[Third Street Promenade]], Santa Monica |
|||
* [[Downtown Long Beach]] |
|||
* [[Downtown Disney (Disneyland Resort)|Downtown Disney]], Anaheim |
|||
* [[Westwood Village, Los Angeles|Westwood Village]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Amusement & theme parks''' |
|||
[[File:Castillo de Disneyland.jpg|thumb|right|Sleeping Beauty Castle at [[Disneyland|Disneyland Park]]]] |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[Disneyland]] |
|||
* [[Disney California Adventure Park]] |
|||
* [[Knott's Berry Farm]] |
|||
* [[Pacific Park]] |
|||
* [[Six Flags Magic Mountain]] |
|||
* [[Universal Studios Hollywood]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Waterparks''' |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[Raging Waters]] |
|||
* [[Knott's Soak City USA]] |
|||
* [[Six Flags Hurricane Harbor]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Zoos''' |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[Los Angeles Zoo]] |
|||
* [[Santa Ana Zoo]] |
|||
* [[Orange County Zoo]] |
|||
* [[Shambala Preserve]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Aquariums''' |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
* [[Aquarium of the Pacific]] |
|||
* [[Santa Monica Pier Aquarium]] |
|||
* [[Cabrillo Marine Aquarium]] |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Museums''' |
|||
{{Colbegin}} |
|||
''See [[List of museums in California]]'' |
|||
{{Colend}} |
|||
'''Other''' |
|||
* [[Hollywood Bowl]] |
|||
* [[La Brea Tar Pits]] |
|||
* [[Pantages Theatre (Hollywood)|Pantages Theater]] |
|||
* ''[[RMS Queen Mary|Queen Mary]]'' |
|||
* [[Walt Disney Concert Hall]] |
|||
* [[Watts Towers]] |
|||
* [[Hollywood]] |
|||
* [[Claremont Colleges]] |
|||
===BEA economic area=== |
|||
The [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]] (BEA) defines an even larger region known as an "economic area" (EA), which delineates the relevant regional market surrounding a metropolitan area. "BEA's economic areas define the relevant regional markets surrounding metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas. They consist of one or more economic nodes – metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas that serve as regional centers of economic activity – and the surrounding counties that are economically related to the nodes." The Los Angeles economic area consists of the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside Combined Statistical Area and includes the California counties of Imperial, Kern, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura, as well as La Paz County and Yuma County in Arizona.<ref>[http://www.bea.gov/regional/docs/econlist.cfm BEA Economic Area – Component Counties]</ref> |
|||
===Major business districts=== |
|||
Greater Los Angeles supports large [[business districts]] throughout its urban area. The [[central business district]] is located at [[Downtown Los Angeles]]. Within the Los Angeles city limits are multiple districts, and other than [[Bunker Hill, Los Angeles|Bunker Hill]], these are [[Century City, Los Angeles|Century City]] and businesses lining [[Wilshire Boulevard]]. Other major districts nearby Los Angeles include [[Downtown Long Beach]], downtown Glendale, and downtown [[Burbank, California|Burbank]]. In the southern reaches of Greater Los Angeles, major business districts include [[Newport Center]], [[South Coast Metro]], and the developing business district in [[Irvine, California|Irvine]]. To the east major business districts include the respective centers of [[Downtown Riverside]] and [[Downtown San Bernardino]]. |
|||
===Transportation=== |
|||
Greater Los Angeles is known for its expansive transportation network. Most notable is its extensive highway system. The area is a junction for numerous interstates coming from the north, east, and south and contains the three principal north-south highways in California: [[Interstate 5]], [[U.S. Route 101]], and [[California State Route 1]]. The area is also home to several ports, including the twin ports of [[Port of Long Beach|Long Beach]] and [[Port of Los Angeles|Los Angeles]], which are the two busiest in the United States, as well as [[Port Hueneme, California|Port Hueneme]].<ref name=LAT20110807>{{cite news|last=White|first=Ronald D.|title=Long Beach port chief's long voyage nears an end|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/aug/07/business/la-fi-himi-steinke-20110807|accessdate=June 15, 2012|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Additionally, the region is also served by the [[Metro Rail (Los Angeles County)|Metrorail]] and [[Metrolink (Southern California)|Metrolink]] commuter rail systems that link neighborhoods of Los Angeles with immediate surrounding suburbs and most of the region (excluding the outer region of the Inland Empire) with [[Oceanside, California|Oceanside]] in San Diego County, respectively. [[Los Angeles International Airport]] (LAX) is the principal international airport of the region and is among one of the busiest in the world.<ref>[[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic]]</ref> Other airports include [[LA/Ontario International Airport]] (ONT), [[John Wayne Airport]] (SNA), [[Bob Hope Airport]] (BUR), [[Long Beach Municipal Airport]] (LGB), and [[Palm Springs International Airport]] (PSP). |
|||
==Sports== |
|||
{{Further|History of the National Football League in Los Angeles}} |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
|- |
|||
!Team!!Sport!!League!!Venue |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Dodgers]] |
|||
|[[Baseball]] |
|||
|[[Major League Baseball]] – [[National League]] |
|||
|[[Dodger Stadium]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim]] |
|||
|[[Baseball]] |
|||
|[[Major League Baseball]] – [[American League]] |
|||
|[[Angel Stadium of Anaheim]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Lakers]] |
|||
|[[Basketball]] |
|||
|[[National Basketball Association]] |
|||
|[[Staples Center]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Clippers]] |
|||
|[[Basketball]] |
|||
|[[National Basketball Association]] |
|||
|[[Staples Center]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Kings]] |
|||
|[[Ice hockey]] |
|||
|[[National Hockey League]] |
|||
|[[Staples Center]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Anaheim Ducks]] |
|||
|[[Ice hockey]] |
|||
|[[National Hockey League]] |
|||
|[[Honda Center]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Galaxy]] |
|||
|[[Soccer]] |
|||
|[[Major League Soccer]] |
|||
|[[The Home Depot Center]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[C.D. Chivas USA|Chivas USA]] |
|||
|[[Soccer]] |
|||
|[[Major League Soccer]] |
|||
|[[The Home Depot Center]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Kiss]] |
|||
|[[Arena football]] |
|||
|[[Arena Football League]] |
|||
|[[Honda Center]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Los Angeles Sparks]] |
|||
|[[Basketball]] |
|||
|[[Women's National Basketball Association]] |
|||
|[[Staples Center]] |
|||
|} |
|||
The Greater Los Angeles area also has three well-known horse racing facilities: [[Santa Anita Park]], [[Los Alamitos Race Course]] and [[Hollywood Park Racetrack]] and three major motorsport venues: [[Auto Club Speedway]], [[Long Beach street circuit]], and [[Auto Club Raceway at Pomona]]. In addition, the city of Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympics in [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932]] and [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984]]. |
|||
The Los Angeles area media market currently lacks a [[National Football League]] team. After the 1994 season, the [[St. Louis Rams|Los Angeles Rams]] moved to [[St. Louis, Missouri]] and the [[Oakland Raiders|Los Angeles Raiders]] returned to their original home of [[Oakland, California]] (both teams played each other in Anaheim during the 1994 season, with the Raiders winning). There are two competing plans to build a stadium which will become home to an NFL team in the future, one in the [[Industry, California|City of Industry]] and one in [[Downtown Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web|title=L.A. council approves framework to build NFL stadium|url=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/story/15417842/la-council-approves-framework-to-build-nfl-stadium/rss|work=[[CBSSports.com]]|accessdate=August 11, 2011|date=August 9, 2011}}</ref> In 2009 the city council of the City of Industry approved<ref>{{cite web|title=Industry Council Approves Pro Football Stadium|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/Industry-Council-Approves-Pro-Football-Stadium.html|work=nbcla.com|publisher=[[KNBC]]|accessdate=August 11, 2011|date=July 17, 2009}}</ref> the construction of a stadium and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed a bill with an evironmental exemption to support a stadium in that city.<ref>{{cite web|last=Adams|first=John|title=Los Angeles, Are You Ready For Some NFL Football?|url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Los-Angeles-Are-You-Ready-For-Some-Football-64701932.html|work=nbcla.com|publisher=[[KNBC]]|accessdate=August 11, 2011|date=October 22, 2009}}</ref> In 2011 the [[Los Angeles City Council]] approved plans to build [[Farmers Field]] in Downtown Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/08/next-challenge-for-farmers-field-finding-nfl-team-for-la.html | work=Los Angeles Times | title=L.A. Now | date=August 10, 2011}}</ref> |
|||
As a whole, the Los Angeles area has more national championships, all sports combined (college and professional), than any other city in the United States, with over four times as many championships as the entire state of [[Texas]], and just over twice that of New York City.<ref>{{cite web|title=Los Angeles Sports Travel|url=http://losangelessportstravel.com/|work=Los Angeles Sports Travel|date=|accessdate=}}</ref> |
|||
==See also== |
|||
{{Portal|Greater Los Angeles}} |
|||
* [[Largest metropolitan areas in the Americas]] |
|||
* [[Los Angeles Basin]] |
|||
* [[California megapolitan areas]] |
|||
* [[Southern California]] |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
|||
{{California}} |
|||
{{Greater Los Angeles Area}} |
|||
{{Los Angeles Metropolitan Area}} |
|||
{{Greater Los Angeles Area Sports}} |
|||
{{World's most populated metropolitan areas}} |
|||
[[Category:Greater Los Angeles Area| ]] |
|||
[[Category:Metropolitan areas of California]] |
|||
[[Category:Southern California]] |
|||
Revision as of 00:10, 12 March 2014
- ):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):)