Musica enchiriadis: Difference between revisions
Changed "classical" to "western art music" since classical is too narrow (and the wrong period of music history) and western art music is broad and general |
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'''''Musica enchiriadis''''' is an [[Anonymity|anonymous]] musical [[treatise]] of the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to set up a system of rules for [[polyphony]] in |
'''''Musica enchiriadis''''' is an [[Anonymity|anonymous]] musical [[treatise]] of the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to set up a system of rules for [[polyphony]] in western art music. The treatise was once attributed to [[Hucbald]], but this is no longer accepted.<ref name=hoppin>Hoppin, Richard H. ''Medieval Music''. Norton, 1978, pp.188-193.</ref> Some historians once attributed it to [[Odo of Cluny]] (879-942).<ref name=finney>Finney, Theodore M. A History of Music. Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1935, p. 61</ref> It has also been attributed to Abbot Hoger (-906).<ref name=wright>Wright, Craig and Simms, Bryan. Music in Western Civilization. Schirmer Cengage Learning, 2010, p. 52</ref> |
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This [[music theory]] treatise, along with its companion text, ''[[Scolica enchiriadis]]'', was widely circulated in medieval [[manuscript]]s, often in association with [[Boethius]]' ''[[De Institutione Musica|De institutione musica]]''.<ref name=grove>Erickson, Raymond. "Musica enchiriadis, Scholia enchiriadis". ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. London: Macmillan, 2001.</ref> It consists of nineteen chapters; the first nine are devoted to [[musical notation|notation]], [[mode (music)|mode]]s, and [[monophony|monophonic]] [[plainchant]].<ref name=grove/> |
This [[music theory]] treatise, along with its companion text, ''[[Scolica enchiriadis]]'', was widely circulated in medieval [[manuscript]]s, often in association with [[Boethius]]' ''[[De Institutione Musica|De institutione musica]]''.<ref name=grove>Erickson, Raymond. "Musica enchiriadis, Scholia enchiriadis". ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians''. London: Macmillan, 2001.</ref> It consists of nineteen chapters; the first nine are devoted to [[musical notation|notation]], [[mode (music)|mode]]s, and [[monophony|monophonic]] [[plainchant]].<ref name=grove/> |
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Revision as of 19:03, 15 September 2014
Musica enchiriadis is an anonymous musical treatise of the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to set up a system of rules for polyphony in western art music. The treatise was once attributed to Hucbald, but this is no longer accepted.[1] Some historians once attributed it to Odo of Cluny (879-942).[2] It has also been attributed to Abbot Hoger (-906).[3]
This music theory treatise, along with its companion text, Scolica enchiriadis, was widely circulated in medieval manuscripts, often in association with Boethius' De institutione musica.[4] It consists of nineteen chapters; the first nine are devoted to notation, modes, and monophonic plainchant.[4]
Chapters 10-18 deal with polyphonic music. The author here shows how consonant intervals should be used to compose or improvise the type of early-medieval polyphonic music called [4] organum, an early style of note-against-note polyphony several examples of which are included in the treatise.[4] (Scolica enchiriadis also observes that some melodies should be sung "more quickly" (celerius), others "more slowly" (morosius).) The last, nineteenth, chapter of Musica enchiriadis relates the legend of Orpheus.[4]
The scale used in the work, which is based on a system of tetrachords, appears to have been created solely for use in the work itself, rather than taken from actual musical practice.[1] The treatise also uses a very rare system of notation, known as Daseian notation. This notation has a number of figures which are rotated ninety degrees to represent different pitches.
A critical edition of the treatises was published in 1981, and an English translation in 1995.[4]
See also
References
- ^ a b Hoppin, Richard H. Medieval Music. Norton, 1978, pp.188-193.
- ^ Finney, Theodore M. A History of Music. Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1935, p. 61
- ^ Wright, Craig and Simms, Bryan. Music in Western Civilization. Schirmer Cengage Learning, 2010, p. 52
- ^ a b c d e f Erickson, Raymond. "Musica enchiriadis, Scholia enchiriadis". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. London: Macmillan, 2001.
External links
- Anonymous (1981). Hans Schmid (ed.). Musica et scolica enchiriadis una cum aliquibus tractatulis adiunctis. Veröffentlichungen der Musikhistorischen Kommission. Vol. 3. Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften; C. H. Beck. pp. 1–59. Retrieved 6 August 2013 @ TML.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - Link to colour images of the MS of the text (I-Rvat pal. lat. 1342) available via the University of Heidelberg's site.
- Link to colour images of the MS of the text (D-Msb Clm 14372) available via the Bavarian State Library.