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The '''Zand tribe''' is a Kurdish tribe of [[Lak]]<ref>''A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe'', Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, ''A History of Persia'', Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, [http://books.google.com/books?id=y6BCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&dq=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&hl=en&ei=b_RKTr-IK4jqmAWpmNHuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA p. 277.]</ref><ref>''A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe'', Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, ''A History of Persi'', Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, [http://books.google.com/books?id=y6BCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&dq=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&hl=en&ei=b_RKTr-IK4jqmAWpmNHuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA p. 277.]</ref><ref>''One of the contenders for power was Karim Khan Zand, a member of the Lak tribe near Shiraz'', William Marsden, Stephen Album, ''Marsden's Numismata orientalia illustrata'', Attic Books, 1977, ISBN 978-0-915018-16-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=zDtmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,%22&dq=%22One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,%22&hl=en&ei=vfVKTuL8J6H8mAXfp8TxBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA p. 158.]</ref><ref>Karim Khan, the founder of the Zand dynasty of Persia that succeeded the Afsharids, was himself born to a family of these Lak deportees (of the Zand tribe), [[Mehrdad R. Izady]], ''The Kurds: A Concise Handbook'', Taylor & Francis, 1992, ISBN 978-0-8448-1727-9, [http://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC&pg=PA12&dq=%22Karim+Khan,+the+founder+of+the+Zand+dynasty+of+Persia+that+succeeded+the+Afsharids,+was+himself+born+to+a+family+of+these+Lak+deportees+(of+the+Zand+tribe).+%22&hl=en&ei=MfdKTpKjO8r9mAXQjtWSCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Karim%20Khan%2C%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20Zand%20dynasty%20of%20Persia%20that%20succeeded%20the%20Afsharids%2C%20was%20himself%20born%20to%20a%20family%20of%20these%20Lak%20deportees%20(of%20the%20Zand%20tribe).%20%22&f=false p. 12.]</ref><ref name="p. 17">''Kurdish leader, Karim Khan Zand,...'', [[Wadie Jwaideh]], ''The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development'', Syracuse University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8156-3093-7, [http://books.google.com/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA17&dq=%22Kurdish+leader,+Karim+Khan+Zand,+who+for+nearly%22&hl=en&ei=9flKTu6BGcL-mAW206zxBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Kurdish%20leader%2C%20Karim%20Khan%20Zand%2C%20who%20for%20nearly%22&f=false p. 17.]</ref><ref name="p. 308">Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin, ''Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. ISBN 978-0-313-31543-5, [http://books.google.com/books?id=sl4PIeyWriUC&pg=PA308&dq=%22Karim+Khan+Zand,+the+founder+of+the+Kurdish+Zand+dynasty%22&hl=en&ei=QftKTviXOLD2mAWLiPSICA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Karim%20Khan%20Zand%2C%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20Kurdish%20Zand%20dynasty%22&f=false p. 308.]</ref><ref name="Cambridge">''...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin.'', Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), ''The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic'', Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0, [http://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&pg=PA64&dq=%22the+bulk+of+the+evidence+points+to+their+being+one+of+the+northern+Lur+or+Lak+tribes,+who+may+originally+have+been+immigrants+of+Kurdish+origin.+%22&hl=en&ei=Qv1KTtz2K4mOmQX07_X5Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22the%20bulk%20of%20the%20evidence%20points%20to%20their%20being%20one%20of%20the%20northern%20Lur%20or%20Lak%20tribes%2C%20who%20may%20originally%20have%20been%20immigrants%20of%20Kurdish%20origin.%20%22&f=false p. 64.]</ref><ref name="Jwaideh 2006">{{cite book|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|title=The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development|year=2006|url=http://books.google.no/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA17&dq=Karim+KhanZand+Kurdish#v=onepage&q=Karim%20Khan%20Kurdish&f=false}}</ref> or [[Lurs]] according to [[David Yerushalmi]]<ref>''Muhammad Karim Khan, of the Zand clan of the Lur tribe, suc- ceeded in imposing his authority on parts of the defunct Safavid empire'', David Yeroushalmi, ''The Jews of Iran in The Nineteenth Century: Aspects of History, Community, and Culture'', BRILL, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-15288-5, [http://books.google.com/books?id=XYlGS3s3zTQC&pg=PR39&dq=%22Muhammad+Karim+Khan,+of+the+Zand+clan+of+the+Lur+tribe,+suc-+ceeded+in+imposing+his+authority+on+parts+of+the+defunct+Safavid+empire%22&hl=en&ei=_gJLTsPHGYPEmAXM_oiPCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Muhammad%20Karim%20Khan%2C%20of%20the%20Zand%20clan%20of%20the%20Lur%20tribe%2C%20suc-%20ceeded%20in%20imposing%20his%20authority%20on%20parts%20of%20the%20defunct%20Safavid%20empire%22&f=false p. xxxix.]</ref> of [[Lorestan]], most known for their member, [[Karim Khan]], who become the Regent of Southern [[Persia]] for [[Safavids|Ismail III]] in 1750.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Perry |first=J. R. |date=January 2004 |title=Lokman I. Meho and Kelly L. Maglaughlin, Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography |journal=[[Journal of Near Eastern Studies]] |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=72 |url=http://www.slis.indiana.edu/faculty/meho/kelly.html |quote=…the Zand tribe is generally considered (and considered themselves) to be Lurs rather than Kurds. |doi=10.1086/382580 |format={{dead link|date=June 2010}}}}</ref> After Zand's death in 1779, internal conflicts for his succession resulted in a weakening of the dynasty, ending with the defeat of Karim Khan's nephew over regional rulers.
The '''Zand tribe''' is a Kurdish tribe of [[Lak]]<ref>''A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe'', Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, ''A History of Persia'', Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, [http://books.google.com/books?id=y6BCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&dq=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&hl=en&ei=b_RKTr-IK4jqmAWpmNHuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA p. 277.]</ref><ref>''A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe'', Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, ''A History of Persi'', Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, [http://books.google.com/books?id=y6BCAAAAIAAJ&q=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&dq=%22A+fourth+pretender+was+Karim+Khan,+son+of+Aymak+of+the+Zand%22&hl=en&ei=b_RKTr-IK4jqmAWpmNHuBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA p. 277.]</ref><ref>''One of the contenders for power was Karim Khan Zand, a member of the Lak tribe near Shiraz'', William Marsden, Stephen Album, ''Marsden's Numismata orientalia illustrata'', Attic Books, 1977, ISBN 978-0-915018-16-1, [http://books.google.com/books?id=zDtmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,%22&dq=%22One+of+the+contenders+for+power+was+Karim+Khan+Zand,+a+member+of+the+Lak+tribe+near+Shiraz,%22&hl=en&ei=vfVKTuL8J6H8mAXfp8TxBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA p. 158.]</ref><ref>Karim Khan, the founder of the Zand dynasty of Persia that succeeded the Afsharids, was himself born to a family of these Lak deportees (of the Zand tribe), [[Mehrdad R. Izady]], ''The Kurds: A Concise Handbook'', Taylor & Francis, 1992, ISBN 978-0-8448-1727-9, [http://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC&pg=PA12&dq=%22Karim+Khan,+the+founder+of+the+Zand+dynasty+of+Persia+that+succeeded+the+Afsharids,+was+himself+born+to+a+family+of+these+Lak+deportees+(of+the+Zand+tribe).+%22&hl=en&ei=MfdKTpKjO8r9mAXQjtWSCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Karim%20Khan%2C%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20Zand%20dynasty%20of%20Persia%20that%20succeeded%20the%20Afsharids%2C%20was%20himself%20born%20to%20a%20family%20of%20these%20Lak%20deportees%20(of%20the%20Zand%20tribe).%20%22&f=false p. 12.]</ref><ref name="p. 17">''Kurdish leader, Karim Khan Zand,...'', [[Wadie Jwaideh]], ''The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development'', Syracuse University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8156-3093-7, [http://books.google.com/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA17&dq=%22Kurdish+leader,+Karim+Khan+Zand,+who+for+nearly%22&hl=en&ei=9flKTu6BGcL-mAW206zxBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Kurdish%20leader%2C%20Karim%20Khan%20Zand%2C%20who%20for%20nearly%22&f=false p. 17.]</ref><ref name="p. 308">Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin, ''Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. ISBN 978-0-313-31543-5, [http://books.google.com/books?id=sl4PIeyWriUC&pg=PA308&dq=%22Karim+Khan+Zand,+the+founder+of+the+Kurdish+Zand+dynasty%22&hl=en&ei=QftKTviXOLD2mAWLiPSICA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Karim%20Khan%20Zand%2C%20the%20founder%20of%20the%20Kurdish%20Zand%20dynasty%22&f=false p. 308.]</ref><ref name="Cambridge">''...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin.'', Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), ''The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic'', Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0, [http://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&pg=PA64&dq=%22the+bulk+of+the+evidence+points+to+their+being+one+of+the+northern+Lur+or+Lak+tribes,+who+may+originally+have+been+immigrants+of+Kurdish+origin.+%22&hl=en&ei=Qv1KTtz2K4mOmQX07_X5Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22the%20bulk%20of%20the%20evidence%20points%20to%20their%20being%20one%20of%20the%20northern%20Lur%20or%20Lak%20tribes%2C%20who%20may%20originally%20have%20been%20immigrants%20of%20Kurdish%20origin.%20%22&f=false p. 64.]</ref><ref name="Jwaideh 2006">{{cite book|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|title=The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development|year=2006|url=http://books.google.no/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA17&dq=Karim+KhanZand+Kurdish#v=onepage&q=Karim%20Khan%20Kurdish&f=false}}</ref> [[Karim Khan]], who become the Regent of Southern [[Persia]] for [[Safavids|Ismail III]] in 1750.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Perry |first=J. R. |date=January 2004 |title=Lokman I. Meho and Kelly L. Maglaughlin, Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography |journal=[[Journal of Near Eastern Studies]] |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=72 |url=http://www.slis.indiana.edu/faculty/meho/kelly.html |quote=…the Zand tribe is generally considered (and considered themselves) to be Lurs rather than Kurds. |doi=10.1086/382580 |format={{dead link|date=June 2010}}}}</ref> After Zand's death in 1779, internal conflicts for his succession resulted in a weakening of the dynasty, ending with the defeat of Karim Khan's nephew over regional rulers.


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 15:53, 12 February 2015

The Zand tribe is a Kurdish tribe of Lak[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Karim Khan, who become the Regent of Southern Persia for Ismail III in 1750.[9] After Zand's death in 1779, internal conflicts for his succession resulted in a weakening of the dynasty, ending with the defeat of Karim Khan's nephew over regional rulers.

See also

References

  1. ^ A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe, Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, A History of Persia, Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, p. 277.
  2. ^ A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe, Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, A History of Persi, Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, p. 277.
  3. ^ One of the contenders for power was Karim Khan Zand, a member of the Lak tribe near Shiraz, William Marsden, Stephen Album, Marsden's Numismata orientalia illustrata, Attic Books, 1977, ISBN 978-0-915018-16-1, p. 158.
  4. ^ Karim Khan, the founder of the Zand dynasty of Persia that succeeded the Afsharids, was himself born to a family of these Lak deportees (of the Zand tribe), Mehrdad R. Izady, The Kurds: A Concise Handbook, Taylor & Francis, 1992, ISBN 978-0-8448-1727-9, p. 12.
  5. ^ Kurdish leader, Karim Khan Zand,..., Wadie Jwaideh, The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development, Syracuse University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8156-3093-7, p. 17.
  6. ^ Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin, Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. ISBN 978-0-313-31543-5, p. 308.
  7. ^ ...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin., Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0, p. 64.
  8. ^ Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development.
  9. ^ Perry, J. R. (January 2004). "Lokman I. Meho and Kelly L. Maglaughlin, Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography" ([dead link]). Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 63 (1): 72. doi:10.1086/382580. …the Zand tribe is generally considered (and considered themselves) to be Lurs rather than Kurds.
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