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Coordinates: 32°31′51″N 13°01′16″E / 32.53083°N 13.02111°E / 32.53083; 13.02111
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==Geography and climate==
==Geography and climate==
On 13 September 1922, a high temperature of 57.8&nbsp;°C (136&nbsp;°F) was recorded in ‘Aziziya. This was long considered the [[List of weather records|highest temperature ever measured]] on Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html |title=Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation|work=[[National Climatic Data Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]|accessdate=3 December 2008}}</ref>
On 13 September 1922, a high temperature of 57.8&nbsp;°C (136&nbsp;°F) was recorded in Al-ʿAzīzīyah. This was long considered the [[List of weather records|highest temperature ever measured]] on Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html |title=Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation|work=[[National Climatic Data Center]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]]|accessdate=3 December 2008}}</ref>


However, that reading was controversial:<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=''Daily Telegraph''|date=13 November 2010|title=Broken thermometer led to a record breaker}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=2 |title=QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE WORLD’S HOTTEST TEMPERATURE ON RECORD: 136.4°F (58°C) AT AL AZIZIA, LIBYA SEPTEMBER 13, 1922|date=8 October 2010|publisher=Weather Underground|author=Burt, Christopher C.|accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=89 |title=World Heat Record Overturned--A Personal Account|date=13 September 2012|publisher=Weather Underground|author=Burt, Christopher C.|accessdate=2013-01-12}}</ref>
However, that reading was controversial:<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=''Daily Telegraph''|date=13 November 2010|title=Broken thermometer led to a record breaker}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=2 |title=QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE WORLD’S HOTTEST TEMPERATURE ON RECORD: 136.4°F (58°C) AT Al-ʿAzīzīyah, LIBYA SEPTEMBER 13, 1922|date=8 October 2010|publisher=Weather Underground|author=Burt, Christopher C.|accessdate=2010-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=89 |title=World Heat Record Overturned--A Personal Account|date=13 September 2012|publisher=Weather Underground|author=Burt, Christopher C.|accessdate=2013-01-12}}</ref>
# The weather station was first in 'Aziziya town, but, in 1919, it was moved to a hilltop fort, where the [[weather station]] was set up on black [[tarmac]], which would have absorbed more sunlight and made the air there artificially hotter, explaining a period of very hot readings there from 1919 to 1928.
# The weather station was first in 'Aziziya town, but, in 1919, it was moved to a hilltop fort, where the [[weather station]] was set up on black [[tarmac]], which would have absorbed more sunlight and made the air there artificially hotter, explaining a period of very hot readings there from 1919 to 1928.
# Shortly before the record reading on 13 September 1922, the weather station's usual [[maximum thermometer]] had been damaged and then replaced by an un[[calibrated]], ordinary [[maximum-minimum thermometer]] such as often used in [[greenhouse]]s.
# Shortly before the record reading on 13 September 1922, the weather station's usual [[maximum thermometer]] had been damaged and then replaced by an un[[calibrated]], ordinary [[maximum-minimum thermometer]] such as often used in [[greenhouse]]s.
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{{disputed-section|date=May 2015}}
{{disputed-section|date=May 2015}}
The coldest temperature recorded in Aziziya was {{convert|-2|C|F}} in February. Aziziya has a mean high temperature of {{convert|35.5|C|F}}, a mean temperature of {{convert|27.4|C|F}}, and a mean low temperature of {{convert|20.4|C|F}}, making it one of the warmest places in the world. The coldest month, with a mean temperature of {{convert|15.1|C|F}}, is January with a mean high temperature of {{convert|23.9|C|F}} and a mean low temperature of {{convert|8.8|C|F}}, and the warmest month is July, with a mean temperature of {{convert|39.2|C|F}}, a mean high temperature of {{convert|47.4|C|F}}, and a mean low temperature of {{convert|31|C|F}}. The location has fairly low precipitation; there is a 12% chance that precipitation will fall at any given time during a day. The average dew point is {{convert|11.5|C|F}}, making the location very comfortable.
The coldest temperature recorded in Al-ʿAzīzīyah was {{convert|-2|C|F}} in February. Al-ʿAzīzīyah has a mean high temperature of {{convert|35.5|C|F}}, a mean temperature of {{convert|27.4|C|F}}, and a mean low temperature of {{convert|20.4|C|F}}, making it one of the warmest places in the world. The coldest month, with a mean temperature of {{convert|15.1|C|F}}, is January with a mean high temperature of {{convert|23.9|C|F}} and a mean low temperature of {{convert|8.8|C|F}}, and the warmest month is July, with a mean temperature of {{convert|39.2|C|F}}, a mean high temperature of {{convert|47.4|C|F}}, and a mean low temperature of {{convert|31|C|F}}. The location has fairly low precipitation; there is a 12% chance that precipitation will fall at any given time during a day. The average dew point is {{convert|11.5|C|F}}, making the location very comfortable.
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = ‘Aziziya, Libya (1920–1942)
|location = Al-ʿAzīzīyah, Libya (1920–1942) (record 1994-2014 at Tripoli, 26 miles NNE of Al-ʿAzīzīyah)
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
Line 152: Line 152:
|Jul record high C = 51.0
|Jul record high C = 51.0
|Aug record high C = 56.0
|Aug record high C = 56.0
|Sep record high C = 57.8
|Sep record high C = 50.3
|Oct record high C = 50.2
|Oct record high C = 50.2
|Nov record high C = 41.6
|Nov record high C = 41.6
|Dec record high C = 32.6
|Dec record high C = 32.6
|year record high C = 57.8
|Jan high C = 23.9
|Jan high C = 23.9
|Feb high C = 27.5
|Feb high C = 27.5
Line 275: Line 274:
|year percentsun = 72.7
|year percentsun = 72.7
|source 1 = http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=2
|source 1 = http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=2
|date=October 2014 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/Libya/Al-aziziyah/climate-profile.aspx?month=12 |title=December Climate History for Al 'aziziyah - Libya|work=myweather2.com|accessdate=31 May 2015}}</ref>
|source 2 = http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/Libya/Al-aziziyah/climate-profile.aspx?month=12
|date = July 2015
}}
}}
(Source for September record high WMO)


==Notes==
==Notes==

Revision as of 16:31, 4 July 2015

For other uses, see Aziziye (disambiguation).

‘Aziziya
العزيزية
Country Libya
RegionTripolitania
DistrictJafara
Elevation
[1]
390 ft (119 m)
Population
 (2006)[1]
 • Total23,399
Time zoneUTC + 2

‘Aziziya (Anglicized: /əˈziːziːə/; Arabic: العزيزية al-ʿAzīziyyah / al-ʻAzīzīyah / al-ʿazīzīya), sometimes spelled El Azizia, is a small town and it was the capital of the Jafara district in northwestern Libya, 41 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of the capital Tripoli. Before 2001 it was in the ‘Aziziya District and its capital. ‘Aziziya is a major trade centre of the Sahel Jeffare plateau, being on a trade route from the coast to the Nafusa Mountains and the Fezzan region to the south [citation needed]. As of 2006, the town's population has been estimated at over 23,399.[1]

Geography and climate

On 13 September 1922, a high temperature of 57.8 °C (136 °F) was recorded in Al-ʿAzīzīyah. This was long considered the highest temperature ever measured on Earth.[2]

However, that reading was controversial:[3][4][5]

  1. The weather station was first in 'Aziziya town, but, in 1919, it was moved to a hilltop fort, where the weather station was set up on black tarmac, which would have absorbed more sunlight and made the air there artificially hotter, explaining a period of very hot readings there from 1919 to 1928.
  2. Shortly before the record reading on 13 September 1922, the weather station's usual maximum thermometer had been damaged and then replaced by an uncalibrated, ordinary maximum-minimum thermometer such as often used in greenhouses.
  3. On 11 September 1922, the usual record keeper was replaced by an inexperienced observer, who was untrained in the use of the thermometer and the record log. This is known by the change in handwriting on the log sheets and by the high and low temperatures being recorded in the wrong columns. The thermometer used sliding colored cylinders to record maximum and minimum temperatures, and these cylinders were about 7 to 8 degrees Celsius long on the thermometer scale. The WMO now believes that the inexperienced observer was reading from the wrong end of the high-temperature cylinder inside the thermometer, getting a reading which was 7 to 8 degrees too high.
  4. On 13 September 2012, the World Meteorological Organization announced that the WMO Commission of Climatology World Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes had found that the record was invalid. Its world record for hottest temperature is now 56.7 °C (134 °F), recorded on 10 July 1913 at Greenland Ranch in Death Valley, California in the United States.[6]

The coldest temperature recorded in Al-ʿAzīzīyah was −2 °C (28 °F) in February. Al-ʿAzīzīyah has a mean high temperature of 35.5 °C (95.9 °F), a mean temperature of 27.4 °C (81.3 °F), and a mean low temperature of 20.4 °C (68.7 °F), making it one of the warmest places in the world. The coldest month, with a mean temperature of 15.1 °C (59.2 °F), is January with a mean high temperature of 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) and a mean low temperature of 8.8 °C (47.8 °F), and the warmest month is July, with a mean temperature of 39.2 °C (102.6 °F), a mean high temperature of 47.4 °C (117.3 °F), and a mean low temperature of 31 °C (88 °F). The location has fairly low precipitation; there is a 12% chance that precipitation will fall at any given time during a day. The average dew point is 11.5 °C (52.7 °F), making the location very comfortable.

Climate data for Al-ʿAzīzīyah, Libya (1920–1942) (record 1994-2014 at Tripoli, 26 miles NNE of Al-ʿAzīzīyah)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.1
(91.6) 		37.5
(99.5) 		44.5
(112.1) 		48.3
(118.9) 		51.9
(125.4) 		51.0
(123.8) 		51.0
(123.8) 		56.0
(132.8) 		50.3
(122.5) 		50.2
(122.4) 		41.6
(106.9) 		32.6
(90.7) 		56.0
(132.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.9
(75.0) 		27.5
(81.5) 		31.2
(88.2) 		35.1
(95.2) 		39.8
(103.6) 		45.2
(113.4) 		47.4
(117.3) 		47.2
(117.0) 		43.3
(109.9) 		37.8
(100.0) 		28.5
(83.3) 		24.3
(75.7) 		35.5
(95.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 15.1
(59.2) 		19.9
(67.8) 		22.1
(71.8) 		27.3
(81.1) 		32.5
(90.5) 		37.6
(99.7) 		39.2
(102.6) 		38.3
(100.9) 		35.5
(95.9) 		29.4
(84.9) 		20.6
(69.1) 		16.9
(62.4) 		27.4
(81.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.5
(63.5) 		19.5
(67.1) 		25.2
(77.4) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		29.4
(84.9) 		27.7
(81.9) 		21
(70) 		12.7
(54.9) 		9.5
(49.1) 		20.4
(68.7)
Record low °C (°F) −1
(30) 		−2
(28) 		1
(34) 		2
(36) 		8
(46) 		11
(52) 		9
(48) 		12
(54) 		11
(52) 		7
(45) 		1
(34) 		0
(32) 		−2
(28)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 46
(1.8) 		27
(1.1) 		12
(0.5) 		16
(0.6) 		2
(0.1) 		1
(0.0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.0) 		6
(0.2) 		27
(1.1) 		39
(1.5) 		74
(2.9) 		251
(9.9)
Average rainy days 8 5 5 3 1 0 0 0 2 5 6 8 43
Average relative humidity (%) 66 62 56 54 51 41 52 54 56 63 65 69 57.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 204.6 209.1 235.6 250 316.2 312 375.1 353.4 270 244.9 213 198.4 3,187
Percent possible sunshine 66 64 65 63 74 71 87 86 72 71 66 65 72.7
Source 1: http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=2
Source 2: http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/Libya/Al-aziziyah/climate-profile.aspx?month=12

(Source for September record high WMO)

Notes

  1. ^ a b c 15 years and older (Libyan and non-Libyan) see [1]
  2. ^ "Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation". National Climatic Data Center. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 3 December 2008.
  3. ^ "Broken thermometer led to a record breaker". Daily Telegraph. 13 November 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |newspaper= (help)
  4. ^ Burt, Christopher C. (8 October 2010). "QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE WORLD'S HOTTEST TEMPERATURE ON RECORD: 136.4°F (58°C) AT Al-ʿAzīzīyah, LIBYA SEPTEMBER 13, 1922". Weather Underground. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  5. ^ Burt, Christopher C. (13 September 2012). "World Heat Record Overturned--A Personal Account". Weather Underground. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
  6. ^ "WMO Press release No. 956". World Meteorological Organization. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2012.

32°31′51″N 13°01′16″E / 32.53083°N 13.02111°E / 32.53083; 13.02111

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