Ganglion: Difference between revisions
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===Basal ganglia=== |
===Basal ganglia=== |
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The term "ganglion" refers to the [[peripheral nervous system]].<ref name="titleUNSW Embryology- Glossary G">{{cite web |
The term "ganglion" refers to the [[peripheral nervous system]].<ref name="titleUNSW Embryology- Glossary G">{{cite web|url=http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/Notes/Index/G.htm |title=UNSW Embryology- Glossary G |accessdate=2008-01-13 |work= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20071214053205/http://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au:80/Notes/Index/G.htm |archivedate=14 December 2007 }}</ref> |
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However, in the brain (part of the [[central nervous system]]), the "[[basal ganglia]]", or ''basal nuclei,'' is a group of nuclei interconnected with the [[cerebral cortex]], [[thalamus]] and [[brainstem]], associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning. |
However, in the brain (part of the [[central nervous system]]), the "[[basal ganglia]]", or ''basal nuclei,'' is a group of nuclei interconnected with the [[cerebral cortex]], [[thalamus]] and [[brainstem]], associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning. |
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Revision as of 06:00, 26 August 2015
| Ganglion | |
|---|---|
 Micrograph of a ganglion. H&E stain. | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | ganglion |
| MeSH | D005724 |
| TA98 | A14.2.00.002 |
| FMA | 5884 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
In anatomy, a ganglion (/ˈɡæŋɡliən/ GANG-glee-ən; plural ganglia) is a nerve cell cluster[1] or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system.[2][3] Cells found in a ganglion are called ganglion cells, though this term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to retinal ganglion cells.
Neurology
In neurological contexts, ganglia are composed mainly of somata and dendritic structures which are bundled or connected. Ganglia often interconnect with other ganglia to form a complex system of ganglia known as a plexus. Ganglia provide relay points and intermediary connections between different neurological structures in the body, such as the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Among vertebrates there are three major groups of ganglia:
- Dorsal root ganglia (also known as the spinal ganglia) contain the cell bodies of sensory (afferent) nerves.
- Cranial nerve ganglia, contain neurons of the cranial nerves.
- Autonomic ganglia contain the cell bodies of autonomic nerves.
In the autonomic nervous system, fibers from the central nervous system to the ganglia are known as preganglionic fibers, while those from the ganglia to the effector organ are called postganglionic fibers.
Basal ganglia
The term "ganglion" refers to the peripheral nervous system.[4]
However, in the brain (part of the central nervous system), the "basal ganglia", or basal nuclei, is a group of nuclei interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem, associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions, and learning.
Partly due to this ambiguity, the Terminologia Anatomica recommends using the term basal nuclei instead of basal ganglia; however, this usage has not been generally adopted.
Pseudoganglion
A pseudoganglion is a localized thickening of the main part or trunk of a nerve that has the appearance of a ganglion but has only nerve fibres and no nerve cells.[5]
Pseudoganglia are found in the teres minor muscle[6] and radial nerve.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ Sadava, David; Heller, H. Craig; Orians, Gordon H.; Purves, William K.; Hillis, David M. (2008). Life: The Science of Biology (8th ed.). W. H. Freeman. p. 943. ISBN 9780716776710.
- ^ "ganglion" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Brodal, Per (2010). The Central Nervous System. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780195381153.
In the CNS, such a group is called a nucleus and in the peripheral nervous system (PSN), a ganglion.
- ^ "UNSW Embryology- Glossary G". Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "pseudoganglion". TheFreeDictionary. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Gitlin, G. (Oct 1957). "Concerning the gangliform enlargement (pseudoganglion) on the nerve to the teres minor muscle". Journal of Anatomy. 91 (4): 466–70. PMC 1244902. PMID 13475146.