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'''Middle Eastern Americans''' are [[Americans]] with origins or citizenship from the [[Middle East]].
'''Middle Eastern Americans''' are [[Americans]] with origins or citizenship from the [[Middle East]].


According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the term "Middle Eastern American" applies to anyone of Western Asian and North African (Middle Eastern) extraction. This definition includes both [[diaspora|diasporic]] peoples (i.e. [[Jews]], [[Kurds]], [[Druze]], etc.) and current immigrants from modern-day countries of the [[Arab League]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Cyprus]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Iran]], [[Israel]], [[Turkey]] and the [[Central Asia]]n republics.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Foreign Born From Asia: 2011|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acsbr11-06.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=16 December 2013|author=Thomas Gryn|author2=Christine Gambino|date=October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1960 to 1990|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/tab03.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=16 December 2013|author=Campbell Gibson|author2=Emily Lennon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Batalova|first=Jeanne|title=Asian Immigrants in the United States|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/usfocus/display.cfm?ID=841|work=Migration Information Source|publisher=Migration Policy Institute|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Terrazas|first=Aaron|title=Middle Eastern and North African Immigrants in the United States|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/usfocus/display.cfm?ID=830|work=Migration Information Source|publisher=Migration Policy Institute|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref> Middle Eastern communities have been settling in America since at least the Dutch colonial period of [[New Amsterdam]], when [[Sephardic Jews]] fleeing persecution in [[History of the Jews in Brazil|Brazil]] found refuge there in 1654.<ref>Jewish Virtual Library. [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/amsterdam.html New Amsterdam's Jewish Crusader]. Accessed 5 November 2015.</ref>
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the term "Middle Eastern American" applies to Americans of Western Asian and North African (Middle Eastern) extraction. This definition includes immigrants from modern-day countries of the [[Arab League]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Cyprus]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Iran]], [[Israel]], [[Turkey]] and the [[Central Asia]]n republics, and Americans descended from them.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Foreign Born From Asia: 2011|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/acsbr11-06.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=16 December 2013|author=Thomas Gryn|author2=Christine Gambino|date=October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1960 to 1990|url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/tab03.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=16 December 2013|author=Campbell Gibson|author2=Emily Lennon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Batalova|first=Jeanne|title=Asian Immigrants in the United States|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/usfocus/display.cfm?ID=841|work=Migration Information Source|publisher=Migration Policy Institute|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Terrazas|first=Aaron|title=Middle Eastern and North African Immigrants in the United States|url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/usfocus/display.cfm?ID=830|work=Migration Information Source|publisher=Migration Policy Institute|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref> Middle Eastern communities have been settling in America since at least the Dutch colonial period of [[New Amsterdam]], when [[Sephardic Jews]] fleeing persecution in [[History of the Jews in Brazil|Brazil]] found refuge there in 1654.<ref>Jewish Virtual Library. [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/amsterdam.html New Amsterdam's Jewish Crusader]. Accessed 5 November 2015.</ref>


== Population ==
== Population ==
The population of Middle Eastern Americans totals at least 10&nbsp;million, combining the estimates for the [[Arab-American]] (3.7&nbsp;million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journalism.org/2012/11/28/arabamerican-population-growth/ |title=Arab-American Population Growth |author=Brown, Heather, Emily Guskin and Amy Mitchell |publisher=Pew Research Center |accessdate=2015-11-06}}</ref>) and the [[Jewish-American]] (6.5&nbsp;million<ref>[http://www.brandeis.edu/cmjs/conferences/demographyconf/pdfs/Dashefsky_JewishPopulationUS2010.pdf "Jewish Population in the United States, 2010."] Dashefsky, Arnold. Sheskin, Ira. Accessed November 2015.</ref>) populations alone. This comes to more than 3.1% of the 318&nbsp;million people in the US as of 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popclock/ |title=U.S. and World Population Clock |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> 82% of Middle Eastern Americans are U.S. citizens, with 63% born in the U.S.
The population of Middle Eastern Americans totals at least 10&nbsp;million, combining the estimates for [[Arab-American]] (3.7&nbsp;million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.journalism.org/2012/11/28/arabamerican-population-growth/ |title=Arab-American Population Growth |author=Brown, Heather, Emily Guskin and Amy Mitchell |publisher=Pew Research Center |accessdate=2015-11-06}}</ref>) and other Americans of Middle Eastern or Western Asian origin. This comes to more than 3.1% of the 318&nbsp;million people in the US as of 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popclock/ |title=U.S. and World Population Clock |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> 82% of Middle Eastern Americans are U.S. citizens, with 63% born in the U.S.


The population of Middle-Eastern Americans includes both Arabs and non-Arabs. In their definitions of Middle Eastern Americans, [[U.S. Census Bureau]] and the [[National Health Interview Survey]] include peoples from [[Armenia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Iran]], [[Israel]], [[Turkey]], and [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=NHIS Survey Description 2010|url=ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/NHIS/2010/srvydesc.pdf|publisher=National Health Interview Survey|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Fernández-Kelly|first=Patricia|title=Health Care and Immigration: Understanding the Connections|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=Oxford and New York|isbn=1317967259|page=157}}</ref>
The population of Middle-Eastern Americans includes both Arabs and non-Arabs. In their definitions of Middle Eastern Americans, [[U.S. Census Bureau]] and the [[National Health Interview Survey]] include peoples from [[Armenia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Iran]], [[Israel]], [[Turkey]], and [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=NHIS Survey Description 2010|url=ftp://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/NHIS/2010/srvydesc.pdf|publisher=National Health Interview Survey|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Fernández-Kelly|first=Patricia|title=Health Care and Immigration: Understanding the Connections|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=Oxford and New York|isbn=1317967259|page=157}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:50, 7 November 2015

Middle Eastern American
Regions with significant populations
Continental United States, smaller populations in Alaska and Hawaii
Languages
English • Arabic • Aramaic • Azerbaijani • Armenian • Georgian • Greek • Hebrew • Persian • Turkish • others
Religion
Christianity: (Eastern Orthodoxy · Catholicism)
Islam · Judaism · Zoroastrianism · Atheism · Agnosticism · Deism

Middle Eastern Americans are Americans with origins or citizenship from the Middle East.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the term "Middle Eastern American" applies to Americans of Western Asian and North African (Middle Eastern) extraction. This definition includes immigrants from modern-day countries of the Arab League, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Turkey and the Central Asian republics, and Americans descended from them.[1][2][3][4] Middle Eastern communities have been settling in America since at least the Dutch colonial period of New Amsterdam, when Sephardic Jews fleeing persecution in Brazil found refuge there in 1654.[5]

Population

The population of Middle Eastern Americans totals at least 10 million, combining the estimates for Arab-American (3.7 million[6]) and other Americans of Middle Eastern or Western Asian origin. This comes to more than 3.1% of the 318 million people in the US as of 2014.[7] 82% of Middle Eastern Americans are U.S. citizens, with 63% born in the U.S.

The population of Middle-Eastern Americans includes both Arabs and non-Arabs. In their definitions of Middle Eastern Americans, U.S. Census Bureau and the National Health Interview Survey include peoples from Armenia, Cyprus, Iran, Israel, Turkey, and Central Asia.[8][9]

By ethnicity

Although the US Census has recorded race and ethnicity since the first census in 1790, this information has been voluntary since the end of the Civil War (from 1787 to 1868, non-whites were counted differently for the purpose of determining congressional representation).[10] As such, these statistics do not include those who did not volunteer this optional information, and so the census underestimates the total populations of each ethnicity actually present in America.

− −
Middle Eastern Americans in the 2000[11] - 2010 U.S. Census[12]
Ancestry 2000 2000 (% of US population) 2010 2010 (% of US population)
Afghanistan Afghan 53,709 0.0191% 79,775 0.0258%
Arab 1,160,729 0.4125% 1,697,570 0.5498%
Armenia Armenian 385,488 0.1370% 474,559 0.1537%
Assyrian/Chaldo-Assyrian 81,749 0.0290% 106,821 0.0346%
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani 14,205 0.0050% %
Cyprus Cypriot 7,643 0.0027% %
Georgia (country) Georgian 6,298 0.0022% %
Iran Iranian 338,266 0.1202% 463,552 0.1501%
Israel Israeli 106,839 0.0380% 129,359 0.0419%
Kurdistan Region Kurdish 9,423 0.0033% %
Syriac 606 0.0002% %
Tajikistan Tajik 905 0.0003% %
Turkey Turkish 117,575 0.0418% 195,283 0.0633%
"Middle Eastern" 28,400 0.0101% %
"North Caucasian" 596 0.0002% %
"North Caucasian Turkic" 1,347 0.0005% 290,893 0.0942%
TOTAL 2,413,772 0.8577% 3,437,512 1.1134%

Although tabulated, "religious responses" were reported as a single total and not differentiated, despite totaling 1,089,597 in 2000.[11]

Independent organizations provide improved estimates of the total populations of races and ethnicities in the US using the raw data from the US Census and other surveys.

For example, although any respondents who self-identified as Jewish would be included in under the religious responses in the census, estimates from Mandell L. Berman Institute and the North American Jewish Data Bank put the total population of Jews between 5.34 million and 6.16 million in 2000 and around 6.54 million in 2010.[13]

Similarly, the Arab-American Institute estimates the population of Arab Americans at 3.7 million in 2012.[14] According to the 2010 US Census, California had the largest Middle Eastern immigrant population, with nearly 400,000 people. Of states with the most Middle Eastern immigrants, Virginia has the fastest growing population, followed by Texas, Michigan, and New York.[15] The majority of Arab Americans are Christian.[16][17] Most Maronites tend to be of Lebanese, Syrian, or Cypriot extraction; the majority of Christians of Cypriot and Palestinian background are often Eastern Orthodox.

Immigration

Over the period from 2010 through 2014, Middle Easterners ranked third among the fastest-growing immigrant groups in America at 17%, a few points behind Sub-Saharan Africa (21%) and South Asia (25%).[18] This continues a trend of very rapid growth over the past half-century. In 1970, fewer than 200,000 non-Jewish Middle Easterners lived in the United States—by 2000 the number had grown by 650 percent to nearly 1.5 million.[15] This represents more than twice the percentage growth rate of the entire population of immigrants to the US over the same period. Over the 1990s alone, immigration from the Middle East increased 80 percent.[15] In the early 2000s, citizenship rates among Middle Eastern immigrants was at 55%, which was 17 points higher than the average for immigrants overall.[15] Assuming a similar growth rate in this population as for the Middle East immigrant population overall, the number of young children in Middle Eastern families were estimated likely to grow to roughly 950,000 over the 2000s.[when?][15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Thomas Gryn; Christine Gambino (October 2012). "The Foreign Born From Asia: 2011" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  2. ^ Campbell Gibson; Emily Lennon. "Region and Country or Area of Birth of the Foreign-Born Population: 1960 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  3. ^ Batalova, Jeanne. "Asian Immigrants in the United States". Migration Information Source. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  4. ^ Terrazas, Aaron. "Middle Eastern and North African Immigrants in the United States". Migration Information Source. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  5. ^ Jewish Virtual Library. New Amsterdam's Jewish Crusader. Accessed 5 November 2015.
  6. ^ Brown, Heather, Emily Guskin and Amy Mitchell. "Arab-American Population Growth". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2015-11-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "U.S. and World Population Clock". U.S. Census Bureau.
  8. ^ "NHIS Survey Description 2010" (PDF). National Health Interview Survey. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  9. ^ Fernández-Kelly, Patricia (2013). Health Care and Immigration: Understanding the Connections. Oxford and New York: Routledge. p. 157. ISBN 1317967259.
  10. ^ Pratt, Beverly M., Lindsay Hixson and Nicholas A. Jones. "Measuring Race And Ethnicity Across The Decades: 1790-2010". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-11-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ a b "Table 1. First, Second, and Total Responses to the Ancestry Question by Detailed Ancestry Code: 2000". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
  12. ^ "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  13. ^ "Jewish Population in the United States, 2010." Dashefsky, Arnold. Sheskin, Ira. Accessed November 2015.
  14. ^ Brown, Heather, Emily Guskin and Amy Mitchell. "Arab-American Population Growth". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2015-11-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ a b c d e Steven A. Camarota, Immigrants from the Middle East A Profile of the Foreign-born Population from Pakistan to Morocco, Center for Immigration Studies, August 2002 [1]
  16. ^ The Arab American Institute
  17. ^ Presentation at Al
  18. ^ Zeigler, Karen and Steven A. Camarota. "U.S. Immigrant Pop. Hit Record 42.4 Million in 2014". Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved 2015-11-06.. Table 1.
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