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The '''''Jabala Upanishad''''' ({{lang-sa| जाबाल उपनिषत्}}, [[IAST]]: Jabala Upaniṣad) is a minor [[Upanishad]] of [[Hinduism]]. In the [[anthology]] of 108 Upanishads of the [[Muktika]] canon, narrated by [[Rama]] to [[Hanuman]], it is listed at number 13.{{Sfn|Deussen|Bedekar|Palsule|1997|pp=556–57}} The Sanskrit text is one of the 22 Sanyasa Upanishads, listed under [[Shukla Yajurveda]].{{Sfn|Nair|2008|p=580}}{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=429}} part of the [[Vedanta]] school of [[Hindu]] philosophy literature and is also included in the [[Atharvaveda|Atharva Veda]].{{Sfn|Deussen|Bedekar|Palsule|1997|p=553}}{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=429}} The Upanishad in six chapters comprises 14 verses.<ref name= Ramanathan >{{Cite web|last= Ramanathan |first= Prof. A. A. |url= http://www.celextel.org/upanishads/shukla_yajur_veda/jabala.html|title= |
The '''''Jabala Upanishad''''' ({{lang-sa| जाबाल उपनिषत्}}, [[IAST]]: Jabala Upaniṣad) is a minor [[Upanishad]] of [[Hinduism]]. In the [[anthology]] of 108 Upanishads of the [[Muktika]] canon, narrated by [[Rama]] to [[Hanuman]], it is listed at number 13.{{Sfn|Deussen|Bedekar|Palsule|1997|pp=556–57}} The Sanskrit text is one of the 22 Sanyasa Upanishads, listed under [[Shukla Yajurveda]].{{Sfn|Nair|2008|p=580}}{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=429}} part of the [[Vedanta]] school of [[Hindu]] philosophy literature and is also included in the [[Atharvaveda|Atharva Veda]].{{Sfn|Deussen|Bedekar|Palsule|1997|p=553}}{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=429}} The Upanishad in six chapters comprises 14 verses.<ref name= Ramanathan >{{Cite web|last= Ramanathan |first= Prof. A. A. |url= http://www.celextel.org/upanishads/shukla_yajur_veda/jabala.html|title=Jabala Upanishad|accessdate=6 January 2016|publisher=Vedanta Spiritual Library}}</ref> It is also known as '''Jabalopanishad''' ({{lang-sa| जाबालोपनिषत्)) and in the Sanskrit version it is presented in 6 verses;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/jabala.html?lang=sa|title=जाबालोपनिषत्|accessdate=6 January 2016|publisher= sanskritdocuments.org}}</ref> The main theme of this Upanishad is renunciation and the nature of a sage Paramahamsa who is considered as an unmanifested or [[avyakta]] attaining the highest ascetic state.{{Sfn|Dalal|2010|p=431}} In this Upanishad, sage [[Yagnavalkya]] as the expounder of the precepts of the Upanishad elaborates on the aspects of abandonment of pursuit of material comforts, in the interests of achieving spiritual enlightenment as the "transcendence of attachment to every desire, including the desire for renunciation itself".{{Sfn|Feuerstein|1989|p=75}} According to [[S. Radhakrihnan]], philosopher-statesman, this Upanishad seems to justify suicide in certain circumstances.{{Sfn|Battin|2015|p=22}} |
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Initially in the Chandogya Upanishad and Manu smriti, only three [[ashramas]] were mentioned with the Vanaprashta and Sanyasa treated as one ashrama. In the Jabala Upanishad the four ashramas finds mention for the first time.{{Sfn|Chandra|2006|p=173}} |
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==Anthology== |
==Anthology== |
||
The Jabala Upanishad is dated to around 300 BC and is said to be one of the oldest Upanishads.{{Sfn|Feuerstein|1989|p=75}} |
The Jabala Upanishad is dated to around 300 BC and is said to be one of the oldest Upanishads.{{Sfn|Feuerstein|1989|p=75}} |
||
In Colebrooke anthology of 52 Upanishads popular in [[North India]], the Jabala Upanishad is listed at number 51.{{Sfn|Deussen|Bedekar|Palsule|1997|p=561}} |
|||
In the collection of Upanishads under the title "Oupanekhat", put together by Sultan Mohammed [[Dara Shikhoh]] in 1656, consisting of a Persian translation of 50 Upanishads and who prefaced it as the best book on religion, the Yogatattva is listed at number 29.{{Sfn|Deussen|Bedekar|Palsule|1997|p=558-59}} This was translated literally into Latin by Anquetil du Perron in 1801-2, which became the forerunner in bringing the Upanishads to the knowledge of Schopenhauer and thus attained a permanent niche in the history of philosophy and has remaied so to this day.{{Sfn|Keith|2007|p=501}} |
|||
In the 30 smaller Upanishads published by Professor Ramamaya Tarkaratna in the [[Bibliothica Indica]], which has commentates by Narayanabhatta, Jabala Upanishad is listed at number 28 and spelled as Gabala Upanishad.{{Sfn|Müller|1962|p=11}} |
In the 30 smaller Upanishads published by Professor Ramamaya Tarkaratna in the [[Bibliothica Indica]], which has commentates by Narayanabhatta, Jabala Upanishad is listed at number 28 and spelled as Gabala Upanishad.{{Sfn|Müller|1962|p=11}} |
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== |
==Structure== |
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The Sanskrit text of this Upansihad has six long verses. The first three verses are devoted to meditation. The next three verses relate to renunciation with the last verse defining the characteristics a Paramahama, a sage whose nature is [[avyakta]] meaning an "un-manifested", which in sanyasa parlance is the highest status of spirituality. Such a sage surrenders all external signs of asceticism, discards all relationships or worldly comforts to know "Brahman, the nature of the Self".{{Sfn|Dalal|2014|p=555}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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*{{cite book|last=|first=Margaret Pabst Battin|title=The Ethics of Suicide: Historical Sources|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XX-ECgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22|date=11 September 2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-938582-9|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book|last= Chandra |first=S.S. |title=Philosophy of Education|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=u6UQJ1sWrQoC&pg=PA173|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-7156-637-2|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book|last= Dalal |first=Roshen |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA429|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|ref=harv}} |
*{{cite book|last= Dalal |first=Roshen |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA429|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|ref=harv}} |
||
*{{cite book|last1= Deussen |first1=Paul |last2= Bedekar|first2=V.M. |last3= Palsule |first3=G.B. |title=Sixty Upanishads of the Veda|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC&pg=PA645|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1467-7|ref=harv}} |
*{{cite book|last1= Deussen |first1=Paul |last2= Bedekar|first2=V.M. |last3= Palsule |first3=G.B. |title=Sixty Upanishads of the Veda|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC&pg=PA645|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1467-7|ref=harv}} |
||
*{{cite book|last= Feuerstein |first=Georg |title=Yoga: The Technology of Ecstasy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zMrtAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=J.P. Tarcher|isbn=978-0-87477-525-9|ref=harv}} |
*{{cite book|last= Feuerstein |first=Georg |title=Yoga: The Technology of Ecstasy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=zMrtAAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=J.P. Tarcher|isbn=978-0-87477-525-9|ref=harv}} |
||
*{{cite book|last= Keith |first=A. B. |title=The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=p9zCbRMQbyEC&pg=PA501|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe|isbn=978-81-208-0644-3|ref=harv}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Müller | first=Max |title= The Upanishads|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hANGpmyMDjIC&pg=PR11|year=1962|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-20993-7|ref=harv}} |
*{{cite book|last=Müller | first=Max |title= The Upanishads|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hANGpmyMDjIC&pg=PR11|year=1962|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-20993-7|ref=harv}} |
||
*{{cite book|last= Nair |first=Shantha N. |title=Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OzFvE0IR7rkC&pg=PT387|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-1020-7|ref=harv}} |
*{{cite book|last= Nair |first=Shantha N. |title=Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OzFvE0IR7rkC&pg=PT387|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-1020-7|ref=harv}} |
||
Revision as of 17:06, 6 January 2016
| Jabala Upanishad | |
|---|---|
 Yajnavalkya, expounder of the Upanishad | |
| Devanagari | जाबाल |
| Title means | Renunciation and then the nature of a paramahamsa |
| Date | 300 BC |
| Linked Veda | Atharvaveda or Shukla Yajurveda |
| Verses | Six chapters with 14 verses |
| Philosophy | Vedanta |
The Jabala Upanishad (Sanskrit: जाबाल उपनिषत्, IAST: Jabala Upaniṣad) is a minor Upanishad of Hinduism. In the anthology of 108 Upanishads of the Muktika canon, narrated by Rama to Hanuman, it is listed at number 13.[1] The Sanskrit text is one of the 22 Sanyasa Upanishads, listed under Shukla Yajurveda.[2][3] part of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy literature and is also included in the Atharva Veda.[4][3] The Upanishad in six chapters comprises 14 verses.[5] It is also known as Jabalopanishad ({{lang-sa| जाबालोपनिषत्)) and in the Sanskrit version it is presented in 6 verses;[6] The main theme of this Upanishad is renunciation and the nature of a sage Paramahamsa who is considered as an unmanifested or avyakta attaining the highest ascetic state.[7] In this Upanishad, sage Yagnavalkya as the expounder of the precepts of the Upanishad elaborates on the aspects of abandonment of pursuit of material comforts, in the interests of achieving spiritual enlightenment as the "transcendence of attachment to every desire, including the desire for renunciation itself".[8] According to S. Radhakrihnan, philosopher-statesman, this Upanishad seems to justify suicide in certain circumstances.[9]
Initially in the Chandogya Upanishad and Manu smriti, only three ashramas were mentioned with the Vanaprashta and Sanyasa treated as one ashrama. In the Jabala Upanishad the four ashramas finds mention for the first time.[10]
Anthology
The Jabala Upanishad is dated to around 300 BC and is said to be one of the oldest Upanishads.[8]
In Colebrooke anthology of 52 Upanishads popular in North India, the Jabala Upanishad is listed at number 51.[11]
In the collection of Upanishads under the title "Oupanekhat", put together by Sultan Mohammed Dara Shikhoh in 1656, consisting of a Persian translation of 50 Upanishads and who prefaced it as the best book on religion, the Yogatattva is listed at number 29.[12] This was translated literally into Latin by Anquetil du Perron in 1801-2, which became the forerunner in bringing the Upanishads to the knowledge of Schopenhauer and thus attained a permanent niche in the history of philosophy and has remaied so to this day.[13]
In the 30 smaller Upanishads published by Professor Ramamaya Tarkaratna in the Bibliothica Indica, which has commentates by Narayanabhatta, Jabala Upanishad is listed at number 28 and spelled as Gabala Upanishad.[14]
Structure
The Sanskrit text of this Upansihad has six long verses. The first three verses are devoted to meditation. The next three verses relate to renunciation with the last verse defining the characteristics a Paramahama, a sage whose nature is avyakta meaning an "un-manifested", which in sanyasa parlance is the highest status of spirituality. Such a sage surrenders all external signs of asceticism, discards all relationships or worldly comforts to know "Brahman, the nature of the Self".[15]
References
- ^ Deussen, Bedekar & Palsule 1997, pp. 556–57.
- ^ Nair 2008, p. 580.
- ^ a b Dalal 2010, p. 429.
- ^ Deussen, Bedekar & Palsule 1997, p. 553.
- ^ Ramanathan, Prof. A. A. "Jabala Upanishad". Vedanta Spiritual Library. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- ^ "जाबालोपनिषत्". sanskritdocuments.org. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- ^ Dalal 2010, p. 431.
- ^ a b Feuerstein 1989, p. 75.
- ^ Battin 2015, p. 22.
- ^ Chandra 2006, p. 173.
- ^ Deussen, Bedekar & Palsule 1997, p. 561.
- ^ Deussen, Bedekar & Palsule 1997, p. 558-59.
- ^ Keith 2007, p. 501.
- ^ Müller 1962, p. 11.
- ^ Dalal 2014, p. 555.
Bibliography
- The Ethics of Suicide: Historical Sources. Oxford University Press. 11 September 2015. ISBN 978-0-19-938582-9.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Chandra, S.S. (1 January 2006). Philosophy of Education. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-7156-637-2.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Deussen, Paul; Bedekar, V.M.; Palsule, G.B. (1 January 1997). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-1467-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Feuerstein, Georg (1989). Yoga: The Technology of Ecstasy. J.P. Tarcher. ISBN 978-0-87477-525-9.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Keith, A. B. (1 January 2007). The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. ISBN 978-81-208-0644-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Müller, Max (1962). The Upanishads. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-20993-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Nair, Shantha N. (1 January 2008). Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom. Pustak Mahal. ISBN 978-81-223-1020-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
