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==Australia==
==Australia==
In 2006, the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] became the first foreign air force to receive Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) accreditation from the [[United States Joint Forces Command]] (USJFCOM).<ref>[http://www.defence.gov.au/defencemagazine/editions/200606/groups/airforce.htm Defence Magazine, June 2006]{{dead link|date=July 2013}}</ref> [[No. 4 Squadron RAAF]] runs JTAC training, and provides trained controllers to other units, with its main role being to support the units of the [[Special Operations Command (Australia)|Special Operations Command]]. JTAC-qualified personnel have served in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/new-squadron-will-aim-to-cut-civilian-deaths/2008/03/16/1205602195107.html|title=New squadron will aim to cut civilian deaths|last=Allard|first=Tom|date=March 17, 2008|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Air Power Development Centre|title=Combat Control in the RAAF|url=http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Publications/ebooks.aspx?z=41&n=Pathfinder#.U9RFsfmSz_E|website=Pathfinder Issue 224|publisher=Royal Australian Air Force|date=June 2014}}</ref>
In 2006, the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] became the first foreign air force to receive Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) accreditation from the [[United States Joint Forces Command]] (USJFCOM).<ref>[http://www.defence.gov.au/defencemagazine/editions/200606/groups/airforce.htm Defence Magazine, June 2006] {{wayback|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/defencemagazine/editions/200606/groups/airforce.htm |date=20070920172715 }}</ref> [[No. 4 Squadron RAAF]] runs JTAC training, and provides trained controllers to other units, with its main role being to support the units of the [[Special Operations Command (Australia)|Special Operations Command]]. JTAC-qualified personnel have served in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/new-squadron-will-aim-to-cut-civilian-deaths/2008/03/16/1205602195107.html|title=New squadron will aim to cut civilian deaths|last=Allard|first=Tom|date=March 17, 2008|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=September 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Air Power Development Centre|title=Combat Control in the RAAF|url=http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Publications/ebooks.aspx?z=41&n=Pathfinder#.U9RFsfmSz_E|website=Pathfinder Issue 224|publisher=Royal Australian Air Force|date=June 2014}}</ref>


==United States==
==United States==

Revision as of 10:21, 12 January 2016

U.S. Air Force Combat Control JTACs from the 21st Special Tactics Squadron call for close air support from a A-10 Thunderbolt II while attending the Air Force's JTAC Advanced Instructor Course
USAF TACP JTACs providing over watch and call in air support at Contingency Operating Post Jaghato, Afghanistan, May 1, 2010.

A Joint terminal attack controller (JTAC) is the term used in the United States Armed Forces and some other military forces for a qualified service member who directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and other offensive air operations from a forward position. The term that is used in most other countries, as well as previously in the US and in the relevant NATO standard[1] is Forward Air Controller.[2] The term became effective in the US on September 3, 2003 with the publishing of Joint Publication (JP) 3-09.3 Close Air Support.[3]

Australia

In 2006, the Royal Australian Air Force became the first foreign air force to receive Joint Terminal Attack Controller (JTAC) accreditation from the United States Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM).[4] No. 4 Squadron RAAF runs JTAC training, and provides trained controllers to other units, with its main role being to support the units of the Special Operations Command. JTAC-qualified personnel have served in Afghanistan.[5][6]

United States

In the United States Armed Forces a qualified and current joint terminal attack controller is recognized across the U.S. Department of Defense as being capable and authorized to perform terminal attack control.[citation needed]

United States Marine Corps students are trained at the Expeditionary Warfare Training Group, Pacific (EWTGPAC), and Atlantic (EWTGLANT). United States Air Force students receive their training at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada, while United States Navy students are trained at the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC) at Naval Air Station Fallon in Nevada by SEALs assigned to NSAWC.[citation needed] The USMC requires that FACs:[7][8]

  • must be winged Naval Aviators or NFO with at least 2 years operational flying experience.
  • must have attended and graduated from the Expeditionary Warfare Training Group (EWTG) Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) course.
  • Must be male.[9]

At the completion of the TACP course Aviators are granted the 7502 FAC MOS and are considered certified and qualified JTACs.

Non-aviator FACs in the United States Marine Corps must meet the following requirements:[citation needed]

  • They must be a Noncommissioned Officer or above, and must have a combat arms Military Occupational Specialty with one year of operational experience.
  • Must complete JTAC primer course via MarineNet (distance online training).
  • Must attend and graduate from either EWTGPAC or EWTGLANT TACP School.

When deployed on operations each USMC infantry company is allocated a FAC or JTAC. It is proposed that standard squad leaders will be trained as Joint Fires Observers.[10]

The Air Force trains JTACS at two locations, Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada and Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany. At Nellis the 6th Combat Training Squadron has two JTAC courses; Joint Terminal Attack Controller Qualification Course, Joint Terminal Attack Controller Instructor Course.[11] The JTAC course at Spangdahlem is through the Joint Firepower Center of Excellence (JFCOE).[12]

Nellis is also home to the graduate-level JTAC Advanced Instructor Course through the U.S. Air Force Weapons School which is open to TACPs/ALOs and Combat Controllers/STOs. The course requires applicants to be qualified JTACs for three years and a JTAC Instructor for one year. The 5.5 month-long course is held twice per year and includes 752 total hours in classrooms and on ranges. The first class graduated in December 2012. They train in conjunction with pilots attending the Weapons School. As of June 24, 2015 29 airmen have graduated from the JTAC Advanced Instructor Course.[13][14][15]

Members of special operations units may attend the Special Operations Terminal Attack Control Course (SOTACC) at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. SOTACC was established 2003 under the Army's John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and was subsequently transferred to the Air Force Special Operations Command's Special Tactics Training Squadron in 2008.[16]

Italy

Italy has qualified JTAC operators in its tier 1, 2 and 3 teams. Some of these operators have served in Afghanistan, as part of TF45. During the Afghanistan War, AMX ground attack aircraft from the Italian Air Force TF BLACK CATS conducted Close Air Support with JTAC operators on the ground provided by the Italian Army, the Carabinieri, and the Navy and Air Force.[17] The equipment used by Italian JTAC operators is not well publicized, although the equipment used by 185 RRAO has been briefly reported on.[18] The training areas used by Italian JTACs are also kept secret. It has been reported that Italian JTACs will potentially work with the newest gunship, the MC-27J Praetorian in the future.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ "NATO STANAG 3797 MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS & LASER OPERATORS IN SUPPORT OF FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS". NATO.
  2. ^ "Training the RAF's eyes and ears". BBC. February 14, 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2010. I ask if Prince Harry's deployment as a forward air controller, or what the Americans term a "JTAC" (joint tactical air controller or joint terminal attack controller), has boosted the number of volunteers for the job.
  3. ^ Lieutenant Colonel Steven P. Milliron, Army Aviation. "Army JTAC training--the way ahead". U.S. Field Artillery Association. Effective 3 September 2003 with the publishing of Joint Publication (JP) 309.3 Tactics. Techniques and Procedures (TTP) for Close Air Support, the joint community codified the requirements for an individual to direct the actions of combat aircraft engaged in CAS and other air operations. This position, called a "joint terminal attack controller" was created to standardize the certification and qualification process for terminal attack controllers to ensure a common capability across the services. The Army needs to develop Soldiers who, from a forward position, can deliver joint indirect fires and direct the actions of joint combat aircraft. The Joint Combat Aircraft (JCA) is the official designation used by the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence for the F-35 Lightning II, formerly known as the Joint Strike Fighter, and the result of the Joint Strike Fighter competition.
  4. ^ Defence Magazine, June 2006 Template:Wayback
  5. ^ Allard, Tom (March 17, 2008). "New squadron will aim to cut civilian deaths". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
  6. ^ Air Power Development Centre (June 2014). "Combat Control in the RAAF". Pathfinder Issue 224. Royal Australian Air Force.
  7. ^ Maj Brian T Koch (February 2007). "Evolution of ANGLICO". Marine Corps Gazette.
  8. ^ "United States Marine Corps (USMC) Officer Job Descriptions". Forward air controller/air officers direct and control close air support missions and advise commanders of ground units on matters pertaining to air support.
  9. ^ "MARINE CORPS ORDER 1301.25B, ASSIGNMENT OF AVIATION OFFICERS AS FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS" (PDF). 6. Eligibility Criteria a. In accordance with reference (a), female Marine aviators will not be assigned to FAC duty.
  10. ^ Rupert Pengelley (November 2008). "USMC proposes to train more squad leaders to act as FACs". International Defence Digest: 4.
  11. ^ http://www.nellis.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=19690
  12. ^ http://www.usafe.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123017253
  13. ^ https://etca.randolph.af.mil/showcourse.asp?as_course_id=JTAC%20AIC
  14. ^ http://www.airforcetimes.com/story/military/2015/06/24/air-force-jtac-weapons-school-patch/29173739/
  15. ^ http://www.nellis.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123335286
  16. ^ http://www.yumasun.com/news/military_news/air-force-becomes-newest-ypg-tenant/article_86301f97-82f9-57a8-8f72-c741ed862483.html
  17. ^ Janez. "Task Force 45". Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  18. ^ "Home - 185 RRAO". 185 RRAO. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
  19. ^ "MC-27J Praetorian - Alenia Aermacchi". Retrieved November 7, 2014.
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