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| name = Heather O'Rourke
| name = Heather O'Rourke
| image = File:Poltergeist Carol Anne.jpg
| image = File:Poltergeist Carol Anne.jpg
| caption = O'Rourke as Carol Anne Freeling in ''[[Poltergeist (1982 film)|Poltergeist]]'' (1982)
| caption = O'Rourke as Carol Anne Freeling in the original ''[[Poltergeist (1982 film)|Poltergeist]]'' film (1982)
| image_size = 220px
| image_size = 220px
| birth_name = <!-- There are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] for Ms. O'Rourke's full name; "Heather Michele O'Rourke" has only been listed in sources as "another name", and while dealing with people in entertainment, there is no reason to assume the latter is the former. -->
| birth_name = <!-- There are no [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] for Ms. O'Rourke's full name; "Heather Michele O'Rourke" has only been listed in sources as "another name", and while dealing with people in entertainment, there is no reason to assume the latter is the former. -->
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1988|02|01|1975|12|27}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1988|02|01|1975|12|27}}
| death_place = San Diego, California, U.S.
| death_place = San Diego, California, U.S.
| death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]] caused by<br /> [[septic shock]] due to intestinal [[stenosis]]
| death_cause = Complications of a [[cardiac arrest]] caused by<br /> [[septic shock]] due to intestinal [[stenosis]] leading to death
| resting_place = [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]], Los Angeles, California, U.S.
| resting_place = [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]], Los Angeles, California, U.S.
| television = ''[[Happy Days (TV series)|Happy Days]]''
| television = ''[[Happy Days (TV series)|Happy Days]]'' (1982-1983)
| notable_works = Carol Anne Freeling from [[Poltergeist (film series)|the ''Poltergeist'' franchise]]
| notable_works = Carol Anne Freeling in [[Poltergeist (film series)|the ''Poltergeist'' franchise]]
| other_names = Heather Michelle O'Rourke<ref>{{tcmdb name|id=143731}}</ref>
| other_names = Heather Michelle O'Rourke<ref>{{tcmdb name|id=143731}}</ref>
| occupation = Actress
| occupation = Actress

Revision as of 22:37, 27 April 2016

Heather O'Rourke
File:Poltergeist Carol Anne.jpg
O'Rourke as Carol Anne Freeling in the original Poltergeist film (1982)
Born(1975-12-27)December 27, 1975
San Diego, California, U.S.
DiedFebruary 1, 1988(1988-02-01) (aged 12)
San Diego, California, U.S.
Cause of deathComplications of a cardiac arrest caused by
septic shock due to intestinal stenosis leading to death
Resting placeWestwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Other namesHeather Michelle O'Rourke[1]
EducationBig Bear Elementary School
Big Bear Middle School
OccupationActress
Years active1981–1988
Notable workCarol Anne Freeling in the Poltergeist franchise
TelevisionHappy Days (1982-1983)
Parent(s)Michael O'Rourke (father)
Kathleen O'Rourke (mother)
RelativesTammy O'Rourke (older sister)

Heather O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 – February 1, 1988)[2] was an American child actress. She was discovered at the age of five by director Steven Spielberg while eating lunch with her mother at the MGM commissary.[citation needed] Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the 1982 horror film Poltergeist, where she had the movie's most recognizable line: "They're here!" She reprised the role in the second and third installments.

O'Rourke also had a recurring role on Happy Days from 1982 to 1983, and made several television guest appearances. She died at the age of 12 of cardiac arrest and septic shock caused by a misdiagnosed intestinal stenosis in early February 1988.

Early life

O'Rourke was born in San Diego, California, to Kathleen and Michael O'Rourke. Her mother worked as a seamstress and her father was a construction worker. She had an older sister, Tammy. Kathleen and Michael divorced in 1981, and O'Rourke's mother married truck driver James A. "Jim" Peele in 1984.[3][4] After her parents' divorce, O'Rourke rarely saw her birth father and called her stepfather "Dad".[5]

Before O'Rourke began acting, the family lived in a trailer park in Anaheim. Her success later allowed the family to purchase a home in Big Bear Lake, California.[4] In between acting jobs, O'Rourke attended Big Bear Elementary School where she was president of her class.[6] At the time of her death, the family was living in Lakeside, California.[7]

Career

In a contemporary interview with American Premiere magazine, producer Steven Spielberg explained that he was looking for a "'beatific' four-year-old child...every mother's dream" for the lead in his 1982 horror film Poltergeist.[8] While eating in the MGM commissary,[9] Spielberg saw five-year-old Heather O'Rourke having lunch with her mother[8] while older sister Tammy was shooting Pennies from Heaven.[10] After his lunch, Spielberg approached the family and offered O'Rourke the Poltergeist role; she was signed the next day, beating Drew Barrymore, who was up for the role.[8][11]

In the Poltergeist trilogy, O'Rourke played Carol Anne Freeling, a young suburban girl who becomes the conduit and target for supernatural entities. The New York Times noted that she had played the key role in the films and commented, "With her wide eyes, long blonde hair and soft voice, she was so striking that the sequel played off her presence."[9] During the production of the original Poltergeist, Spielberg twice accommodated the child actress when frightened. When scared by performing a particular stunt, Spielberg replaced O'Rourke with a stunt double wearing a blonde wig; and when disturbed by the portrayal of child abuse, Spielberg did not require her to perform the take again.[12] For her work in Poltergeist, O'Rourke earned between $35,000 and $100,000.[13] O'Rourke played the role in all three films.[14] O'Rourke and Zelda Rubinstein were the only original cast members to appear in the third film, Poltergeist III.[15]

They're here!
O'Rourke's performance of her famous line from Poltergeist
Problems playing this file? See media help.

O'Rourke's delivery of the lines "They're here!" in the first film, and "They're baa-aack!" in the second (that film's tagline), placed her in the collective pop culture consciousness of the United States.[16] "They're here!" is #69 on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Movie Quotes.

After her work in 1982's Poltergeist, O'Rourke secured several television and TV movie roles. In April 1983 she starred as herself alongside Morey Amsterdam and well-known Walt Disney animated characters in the hour-long television special, Believe You Can ... and You Can![17][18] She also appeared in CHiPs, Webster, The New Leave It to Beaver, Our House, and had a recurring role on Happy Days as Heather Pfister.[9] In the television movies Massarati and the Brain and 1985's Surviving: A Family in Crisis, she played Skye Henry and Sarah Brogan, respectively.[14]

Death

O'Rourke became ill in early 1987 and was misdiagnosed by doctors at Kaiser Permanente Hospital as having Crohn's disease. She was prescribed prednisone to treat the disease, which caused her cheeks to appear puffy and large.[19] On January 31, 1988, O'Rourke suddenly became ill again, vomiting and unable to swallow. The next morning she collapsed while preparing to leave for the hospital and her stepfather called paramedics. O'Rourke suffered a cardiac arrest en route to the hospital, and after resuscitation she was airlifted by helicopter to Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego,[10] where she died later that day.

Speaking to reporters, O'Rourke's manager David Wardlow initially announced that it was believed she died of influenza.[20][21] However, hospital spokesman Vincent Bond announced that O'Rourke died during surgery to repair an acute bowel obstruction (caused by congenital stenosis of the intestine)[22] complicated by septic shock;[9][23] this report was corroborated by the San Diego County coroner's office on February 3, two days after her death.[24] Later reports changed the specific cause of death to cardiac arrest caused by septic shock brought on by the intestinal stenosis.[22][25]

Plaque marking O'Rourke's interment

O'Rourke was interred at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery on February 5, 1988.[26]

Lawsuit

On May 25, 1988, Sanford M. Gage, the O'Rourke family attorney, filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Kaiser Foundation Hospital in San Diego. O'Rourke had been seen by doctors at Kaiser since birth, and the suit claimed that they failed to properly diagnose her long-standing small-bowel obstruction: had they not simply treated her for Crohn's disease with prescription drugs, she could have had a period of remission by means of a major bowel surgery;[27][28] and this misdiagnosis caused O'Rourke's death.[29] Kaiser Permanente spokeswoman Janice Seib responded: "We have reviewed the case extensively, and we believe that the diagnosis and the course of action taken by our physicians was entirely appropriate. It's a very complex case, complicated by a number of factors, and not given to any simple answers."[10] The case went to arbitration and was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum.[30]

Aftermath

O'Rourke's death complicated Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's marketing for her last work, Poltergeist III, out of fear of appearing to be exploiting her death.[31] Tom Skerritt and Nancy Allen, O'Rourke's co-stars, were discouraged from giving interviews about the film to avoid questions about her death.[32] O'Rourke died four months before the theatrical release of Poltergeist III, which was dedicated to her memory.[33]

On September 26, 2008, DirecTV began airing a national TV advertisement developed by Deutsch; directed by Erich Joiner and cinematographed by Daniel Mindel,[34] the advert features O'Rourke's famous "They're here!" scene from Poltergeist blended with contemporary footage of her co-star, Craig T. Nelson, intended to mimic the film. After the advertisement drew criticism from bloggers and columnists for exploiting O'Rourke,[35] DirecTV responded in a Q&A session with readers of The New York Times. Jon Gieselman, DirecTV's senior vice president for advertising and public relations, explained that O'Rourke's family "was involved in the spot from start to finish [and that] Heather's mother not only approved, [...] she also commented that Heather's inclusion was a wonderful tribute to her daughter."[36]

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1982 Poltergeist Carol Anne Freeling
1986 Poltergeist II: The Other Side Carol Anne Freeling
1988 Poltergeist III Carol Anne Freeling Released posthumously. Dedicated to her memory.

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1981 Fantasy Island Liz Blake (Age 5) Episode: "Elizabeth's Baby / The Artist and the Lady"
1982–83 Happy Days Heather Pfister Recurring role, 12 episodes
1982 Massarati and the Brain Skye Henry Television film
1983 CHiPs Lindsey Episode: "Fun House"
1983 Matt Houston Sunny Kimball Episode: "The Woman in White"
1983 Webster Melanie 3 episodes
1984 Finder of Lost Loves Jillian Marsh Episode: "Yesterday's Child"
1985 Surviving: A Family in Crisis Sarah Brogan Television film
1986 Around the Bend The Daughter Television film
1986–87 The New Leave It to Beaver Heather 2 episodes
1987 Our House Dana Episode: "A Point of View"
1987 Rocky Road Russian Girl Episode: "Moscow on the Boardwalk"

References

  1. ^ Heather O'Rourke at the TCM Movie Database
  2. ^ "Heather O'Rourke, Star of 'Poltergeist' movies, dies at 12". San Jose Mercury News. February 2, 1988. p. 6A. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  3. ^ Stark, John; Hoover, Eleanor; Keogh, Peter (June 13, 1988). "Heather O'Rourke's Grieving Mother Tells Why She's Suing Her Child's Doctors for Wrongful Death". people.com. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Johnson, Bonnie (June 9, 1986). "Snatched by Poltergeist's Demons, Heather O'Rourke Gets Some Bad News—they're Here Again". people.com. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  5. ^ "Death Claims Heather O'Rourke, the Angelic Child Who Chased Away Demons in Poltergeist". people.com. February 15, 1988. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  6. ^ "Child actress Heather O'Rourke". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 3, 1988. p. 6. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  7. ^ "Child star of 'Poltergeist,' Heather O'Rourke, dies". The Vindicator. February 3, 1988. p. 44. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  8. ^ a b c Spielberg, Steven; Friedman, Lester D.; Notbohm, Brent (2000). Friedman, Lester D.; Notbohm,Brent (ed.). Steven Spielberg: Interviews. Univ. Press of Mississippi. pp. 88–89. ISBN 1-578-06113-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
  9. ^ a b c d "Heather O'Rourke, 12; Starred in 'Poltergeist'". The New York Times. February 3, 1988. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  10. ^ a b c Heather O'Rourke Story (A Current Affair) on YouTube
  11. ^ Simpson, Paul (2010). The Rough Guide to Cult Movies (3 ed.). Penguin. p. 195. ISBN 1-405-38322-4.
  12. ^ Brode, Douglas (2000). Films of Steven Spielberg (2 ed.). Citadel Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 0-806-51951-7.
  13. ^ "Money". Money. Vol. 11. New York City. 1982. p. 140. ISSN 0015-8259. {{cite magazine}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  14. ^ a b "Heather O'Rourke". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
  15. ^ Geraghty, Lincoln. American Hollywood (5 ed.). Intellect Books. p. 118. ISBN 1-841-50415-7.
  16. ^ People Magazine (2007). People: Gone Too Soon: Remembering 65 Celebrities Who Died Too Young (illustrated ed.). New York City: Time Home Entertainment. p. 89. ISBN 978-1-933821-17-7. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  17. ^ Cotter, Bill (May 31, 2009) [1997]. The Wonderful World of Disney Television: A Complete History (illustrated ed.). New York City: Disney Hyperion. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7868-6359-4. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  18. ^ "Miss O'Rourke, Morey Amsterdam in TV special". Indiana Gazette. Indiana, Pennsylvania. Associated Press. March 19, 1983. p. 5.
  19. ^ Nash, Jay Robert; Ross, Stanley Ralph (1989). The Motion Picture Guide Annual. CineBooks. p. 132.
  20. ^ "'Poltergeist' Star Heather O'Rourke Becomes Ill, Dies". The Post-Standard. Syracuse, New York, US. February 3, 1988.
  21. ^ "Poltergeist` Actress, 12, Dies Heather O`Rourke Thought To Have Flu". The Charlotte Observer. Charlotte, North Carolina. February 3, 1988. p. 3A.
  22. ^ a b Baker, Bob (May 26, 1988). "Suit Blames Doctors in Death of Young Actress". Los Angeles Times. p. 35. ISSN 0458-3035. OCLC 3638237. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  23. ^ Folkart, Burt A. (February 2, 1988). "`Poltergeist' Star Heather O'Rourke Dies at Age of 12". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California, US. p. 3. ISSN 0458-3035. OCLC 3638237. Archived from the original on May 17, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
  24. ^ Naunton, Ena (February 4, 1988). "Child Actress's Death A `1-In-Million' Event". Akron Beacon Journal. Akron, Ohio, US. p. A14.
  25. ^ "People". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. May 26, 1988. p. 2A.
  26. ^ Epstein, Dan (February 2007). "Access Hollyweird". Revolver. No. 53. San Francisco Bay Area. p. 89. ISSN 1527-408X. {{cite magazine}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  27. ^ Baker, Bob (May 26, 1988). "Suit Filed in `Poltergeist' Actress' Death". Los Angeles Times. p. 2. ISSN 0458-3035. OCLC 3638237.
  28. ^ Conconi, Chuck (May 27, 1988). "PERSONALITIES". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286.
  29. ^ Speers, W. (May 26, 1988). "Hospital Sued Over Child Star's Death". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. D02. ISSN 0885-6613.
  30. ^ Carroll, Richard (March 7, 2005). "Battling over culpability, calculating the price of a life". Los Angeles Business Journal. ISSN 0194-2603. {{cite journal}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
  31. ^ "Studio Unsure How To Market Latest 'Poltergeist' Movie". Lexington Herald-Leader. Lexington, Kentucky. March 27, 1988. p. J5. ISSN 0745-4260.
  32. ^ Cieply, Michael (March 21, 1988). "MGM Ponders Selling of `Poltergeist III'". Los Angeles Times. p. 6. ISSN 0458-3035. OCLC 3638237.
  33. ^ Van Heerden, Bill (1998). Film and Television In-Jokes: Nearly 2,000 Intentional References, Parodies, Allusions, Personal Touches, Cameos, Spoofs, and Homages (illustrated ed.). University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-7864-0456-8. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  34. ^ Stasukevich, Iain (October 2008). "Short Takes: Paying Homage to Hit Films". American Cinematographer. 89 (10). Hollywood: 10–14. ISSN 0002-7928.
  35. ^ Glover, Anne (October 16, 2008). "Critics cry foul over DirecTV ad featuring dead girl". Cincinnati. Scripps Howard News Service. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
  36. ^ "Q & A with Stuart Elliott". The New York Times. October 27, 2008. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
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