1990 Komotini events: Difference between revisions
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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The Turkish minority, which is recognized by the [[Council of Europe]] as part of the Muslim minority in Western Thrace, with estimates varying from 50,000 (official census) to as high as 130,000 ([[Human Rights Watch]]).<ref> |
The Turkish minority, which is recognized by the [[Council of Europe]] as part of the Muslim minority in Western Thrace, with estimates varying from 50,000 (official census) to as high as 130,000 ([[Human Rights Watch]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc09/EDOC11904.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=December 17, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090527155725/http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc09/EDOC11904.pdf |archivedate=May 27, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1409353|title=Commissioner for Human Rights - Report by Thomas Hammarberg, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, following his visit to Greece on 8-10 December 2008 - Issue reviewed: Human rights of minorities|author =Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights, Mandate 2006-2012, Thomas Hammarberg|publisher=|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref> The term 'Turkish minority' is officially denied by Greece via using "[[Muslim Greeks]]" instead. Discrimination of the Turks has been criticized by the [[US]] and the [[European Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,HRW,,GRC,3ae6a8013,0.html|title=Refworld - Greece: The Turks of Western Thrace|author =United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|work=Refworld|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref> On January 26, 1990 a Greek court jailed 2 Turkish leaders because they used the word "Turk" in their political organization. Turks in Greece cannot choose their religious leader (mufti).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.minelres.lv/coe/court/AhmetSadik.htm|title=European HR Court - Ahmet Sadik v. Greece|publisher=|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dt8KWhG345oC&pg=PA222&dq=komotini+events+1990&hl=tr&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=falseHuman|title=Human Rights Watch World Report 1997|publisher=|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref> |
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According to [[Human Rights Watch]] the religious, educational, and language rights of the Turkish minority in Greece have been violated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/en/node/65348|title=Turkish Minority Rights Violated in Greece - Human Rights Watch|publisher=|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref> |
According to [[Human Rights Watch]] the religious, educational, and language rights of the Turkish minority in Greece have been violated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/en/node/65348|title=Turkish Minority Rights Violated in Greece - Human Rights Watch|publisher=|accessdate=9 May 2015}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:38, 28 May 2016
The Komotini events (Template:Lang-tr) occurred on 29 January 1990 between local Greek Christians and members of the ethnic Turkish minority in the Komotini area in northern Greece. The events started over the conviction and imprisonment of an ethnic Turkish MP, Ahmet Sadik, by a Greek court. 400 shops owned by Muslims were looted,[1] and the offices of two Turkish newspapers ransacked. The clashes broke out after the murder of an ethnic Greek by a Muslim, while there were no Turkish casualties at all during the events.[2]
Background
The Turkish minority, which is recognized by the Council of Europe as part of the Muslim minority in Western Thrace, with estimates varying from 50,000 (official census) to as high as 130,000 (Human Rights Watch).[3][4] The term 'Turkish minority' is officially denied by Greece via using "Muslim Greeks" instead. Discrimination of the Turks has been criticized by the US and the European Parliament.[5] On January 26, 1990 a Greek court jailed 2 Turkish leaders because they used the word "Turk" in their political organization. Turks in Greece cannot choose their religious leader (mufti).[6][7]
According to Human Rights Watch the religious, educational, and language rights of the Turkish minority in Greece have been violated.[8]
Events
The events started in Komotini, when 1,500 Greek Muslims gathered near a mosque chanting "we are Turks" in protest of the 1982 Supreme Court ruling restricting the use of the word "Turkish".[9] After the broadcast of an erroneous news item on a local radio station, organized Greek mobs damaged and looted around 400 shops of the Turkish minority as well as beating up some of the minority members including the acting mufti. The police did not intervene. After international reaction[citation needed] 12 Greeks were arrested for attacking Muslim premises.[10][11]
According to an eye-witness reported by Helsinki Watch: Greek mobs consisted of approximately 40 to 50 people running wild, breaking windows, beating people and vandalizing cars; he saw a police car coming behind the mob, without making any effort to stop the Greek nationalists. Foreign observers stated Greek shops were not touched, indeed many of these shops displayed Greek flags in the windows, suggesting the riots were carefully orchestrated, and that the police did not interfere to stop the mobs.[12]
Aftermath
The event increased the tension between Greece and Turkey when the Turkish Consul in Komotini was declared "persona non grata" and expelled from the country for having referred to the minority as "our kinsmen" in a letter he wrote to Greek authorities demanding the indemnification of damaged shops. Turkey retaliated by expelling the Greek Consul in Istanbul.[12]
When a group from Synaspismos (Coalition of the Left) led by Maria Damanaki a member of Greek parliament visited the destroyed shops of the city two days after the events, they were verbally attacked by some Greek nationalists. During their meeting with the local politicians at the town hall, an angry mob gathered outside to protest, calling Damanaki a traitor. The group could not meet the minority representatives under such circumstances and had to abandon the town hall under police surveillance.[13]
In 1991 when Turks protested the dismissal of their chosen Mufti by the Greek government the tension increased again, reportedly thirteen people were injured and the Mosque of Komotini was bombed.[14]
See also
- Anti-Turkism
- Bulgarization of Turks in Bulgaria
- Provisional Government of Western Thrace
- Istanbul Pogrom
References
- ^ "Statement on "the continuous Greek violation of the right of freedom of association of the Turkish minority of Western Thrace"". Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ Vemund Aarbakke (2000). The muslim minority of Greek Thrace. Phd thesis / University of Bergen. pp. 430–431.
At this time there was also an unfortunate incident at the public hospital in Komotini...
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2009. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights, Mandate 2006-2012, Thomas Hammarberg. "Commissioner for Human Rights - Report by Thomas Hammarberg, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, following his visit to Greece on 8-10 December 2008 - Issue reviewed: Human rights of minorities". Retrieved 9 May 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld - Greece: The Turks of Western Thrace". Refworld. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ "European HR Court - Ahmet Sadik v. Greece". Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ "Human Rights Watch World Report 1997". Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ "Turkish Minority Rights Violated in Greece - Human Rights Watch". Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld - Chronology for Muslims in Greece". Refworld. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ "Destroying Ethnic Identity". Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ Crossing the Aegean, Hirschon Renée, p.105
- ^ a b Lois Whitman, Destroying ethnic identity: the Turks of Greece, Helsinki Watch (Organization : U.S.). Page 21
- ^ Oran Baskın, Türk-Yunan ilişkilerinde Batı Tarakya sorunu, page 192 Bilgi Yayınevi, 1991
- ^ Linguistic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe, Christina Bratt Paulston, Donald Peckham, page 70
- MacEwen, Martin (1995). Tackling racism in Europe: an examination of anti-discrimination law in practice. Berg Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85973-047-8.
- UNHCR: Chronology for Muslims in Greece