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==Origin==
==Origin==
Yulii Khariton was born in [[Saint Petersburg]] to journalist Boris Osipovich Khariton and actress Mirra Yakovlevna Burovskaya, a [[Jew]]ish family.<ref>[http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/06_04/KHARITON.HTM Подвиг Юлия Борисовича Харитона] {{ru icon}}</ref> His father worked for the newspaper [[Rech (newspaper)|''Rech'']], the main organ of the [[Constitutional Democratic Party]]. In 1922, by [[Lenin]]'s decree, the elder Khariton was expelled from [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] on one of the so-called [[Philosophers' ships]], subsequently working for an emigrant newspaper in [[Latvia]]. After the [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940|annexation of Latvia by the Soviet Union]], Boris Khariton was arrested by the [[NKVD]] and died in the [[Gulag]].<ref>[http://www.n-i-r.ru/nir2.php?id_stat=834 Человек столетия, или как создавался ядерный щит России] {{ru icon}}</ref> Yulii's mother, Mira Burovskaya, was also an emigre and in the 1930s joined the [[Zionist]] immigration to the British colony of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].
Yulii Khariton was born in [[Saint Petersburg]] to journalist Boris Osipovich Khariton and actress Mirra Yakovlevna Burovskaya, a [[Jew]]ish family.<ref>[http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/06_04/KHARITON.HTM Подвиг Юлия Борисовича Харитона] {{wayback|url=http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/06_04/KHARITON.HTM |date=20070506034041 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> His father worked for the newspaper [[Rech (newspaper)|''Rech'']], the main organ of the [[Constitutional Democratic Party]]. In 1922, by [[Lenin]]'s decree, the elder Khariton was expelled from [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] on one of the so-called [[Philosophers' ships]], subsequently working for an emigrant newspaper in [[Latvia]]. After the [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940|annexation of Latvia by the Soviet Union]], Boris Khariton was arrested by the [[NKVD]] and died in the [[Gulag]].<ref>[http://www.n-i-r.ru/nir2.php?id_stat=834 Человек столетия, или как создавался ядерный щит России]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{ru icon}}</ref> Yulii's mother, Mira Burovskaya, was also an emigre and in the 1930s joined the [[Zionist]] immigration to the British colony of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].


Yulii was forbidden to contact his parents after he had started classified work.<ref>[http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/02_05/KHAROPP.HTM Оппенгеймер и Харитон: параллели жизни] {{ru icon}}</ref> Khariton studied at the [[Leningrad Polytechnical Institute]] (1920–1925) under [[Abram Ioffe]] and then at the [[University of Cambridge]] (1926–1928) under [[Ernest Rutherford]], where he received a doctor's degree. From 1931 to 1946 he was head of the Explosion Laboratory at the [[Institute of Chemical Physics]]. In 1935 he received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences. During this period, Yulii Khariton and [[Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich|Yakov Zel'dovich]] conducted experiments regarding [[chain reaction]]s of uranium. He was elected as a corresponding member of the [[USSR Academy of Sciences]] in 1946, and as a full member in 1953.
Yulii was forbidden to contact his parents after he had started classified work.<ref>[http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/02_05/KHAROPP.HTM Оппенгеймер и Харитон: параллели жизни] {{wayback|url=http://vivovoco.rsl.ru/VV/JOURNAL/NATURE/02_05/KHAROPP.HTM |date=20070506034639 }} {{ru icon}}</ref> Khariton studied at the [[Leningrad Polytechnical Institute]] (1920–1925) under [[Abram Ioffe]] and then at the [[University of Cambridge]] (1926–1928) under [[Ernest Rutherford]], where he received a doctor's degree. From 1931 to 1946 he was head of the Explosion Laboratory at the [[Institute of Chemical Physics]]. In 1935 he received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences. During this period, Yulii Khariton and [[Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich|Yakov Zel'dovich]] conducted experiments regarding [[chain reaction]]s of uranium. He was elected as a corresponding member of the [[USSR Academy of Sciences]] in 1946, and as a full member in 1953.


He received the following honours:
He received the following honours:

Revision as of 12:39, 21 July 2016

Yulii Borisovich Khariton
File:Yulii Borisovich Khariton 1924.jpg
Yulii Borisovich Khariton, 1924
BornFebruary 27, 1904
Saint Petersburg
DiedDecember 18, 1996(1996-12-18) (aged 92)
NationalityRussian
CitizenshipSoviet Union/Russia
Alma materLeningrad Polytechnical Institute, Soviet Union
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Known forSoviet atomic bomb project
AwardsHero of Socialist Labor
Order of Lenin
Lomonosov Gold Medal (1982)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsInstitute of Chemical Physics
Doctoral advisorErnest Rutherford
Other academic advisorsAbram Ioffe
Khariton on a Russian stamp issued on the 100th anniversary of his birth

Yulii Borisovich Khariton (Russian: Ю́лий Бори́сович Харито́н, February 27, 1904 – December 18, 1996) was a Russian physicist working in the field of nuclear power. He was the chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, and worked in the Soviet nuclear program for many years.

Origin

Yulii Khariton was born in Saint Petersburg to journalist Boris Osipovich Khariton and actress Mirra Yakovlevna Burovskaya, a Jewish family.[1] His father worked for the newspaper Rech, the main organ of the Constitutional Democratic Party. In 1922, by Lenin's decree, the elder Khariton was expelled from Soviet Russia on one of the so-called Philosophers' ships, subsequently working for an emigrant newspaper in Latvia. After the annexation of Latvia by the Soviet Union, Boris Khariton was arrested by the NKVD and died in the Gulag.[2] Yulii's mother, Mira Burovskaya, was also an emigre and in the 1930s joined the Zionist immigration to the British colony of Palestine.

Yulii was forbidden to contact his parents after he had started classified work.[3] Khariton studied at the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute (1920–1925) under Abram Ioffe and then at the University of Cambridge (1926–1928) under Ernest Rutherford, where he received a doctor's degree. From 1931 to 1946 he was head of the Explosion Laboratory at the Institute of Chemical Physics. In 1935 he received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences. During this period, Yulii Khariton and Yakov Zel'dovich conducted experiments regarding chain reactions of uranium. He was elected as a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1946, and as a full member in 1953.

He received the following honours:

He also received a Lenin Prize (09.07.1956), three Stalin Prizes (29.10.1949, 12.06.1951, 21.12.1953), a Gold Medal of I.V.Kurchatov in 1974 and a Great Gold Medal of M.V.Lomonosov in 1982.

See also

References

  1. ^ Подвиг Юлия Борисовича Харитона Archived 2007-05-06 at the Wayback Machine Template:Ru icon
  2. ^ Человек столетия, или как создавался ядерный щит России[permanent dead link] Template:Ru icon
  3. ^ Оппенгеймер и Харитон: параллели жизни Archived 2007-05-06 at the Wayback Machine Template:Ru icon
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