Abaeté River: Difference between revisions
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==Dam== |
==Dam== |
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{{Further|Três Marias Dam}} |
{{Further|Três Marias Dam}} |
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South of the confluence of the river, along the São Francisco River, is the [[Três Marias Dam]], (Três Marias is a popular legend linked with the river and three sisters) named after Bernard Mascarenhas who had built South America's first major [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power plant]] in Brazil, the [[Marmelos Zero Power Plant]] in 1889. It is one of the largest earth dams in the world for developed for deriving multipurpose benefits. The project envisaged control of the flow of the river through flood storage, improving its navigability, providing irrigation, generating hydroelectric power to supply for the development of industry and other uses. Begun in 1957, the dam was completed in January 1961 while the first units of the power station was commissioned in 1962; the balance five units of the power station were commissioned by end of 1979. Its construction is considered a world record in this type of construction employing 10,000 people working during the peak of construction activity.<ref name=Juiz>{{cite web|title=MEMÓRIA COLETIVA |url=http://www.pjf.mg.gov.br/patrimonio/usina_marmelos.htm|publisher=Juiz de Fora|accessdate=17 October 2010|language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref name=Municipal>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.tresmarias-mg.com.br/historia.htm|publisher=PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE TRÊS MARIAS|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="indus">{{cite web|title=Hydroelectric Plants in Brazil - Minas Gerais |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-mg.htm|publisher=IndustCards|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref> |
South of the confluence of the river, along the São Francisco River, is the [[Três Marias Dam]], (Três Marias is a popular legend linked with the river and three sisters) named after Bernard Mascarenhas who had built South America's first major [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power plant]] in Brazil, the [[Marmelos Zero Power Plant]] in 1889. It is one of the largest earth dams in the world for developed for deriving multipurpose benefits. The project envisaged control of the flow of the river through flood storage, improving its navigability, providing irrigation, generating hydroelectric power to supply for the development of industry and other uses. Begun in 1957, the dam was completed in January 1961 while the first units of the power station was commissioned in 1962; the balance five units of the power station were commissioned by end of 1979. Its construction is considered a world record in this type of construction employing 10,000 people working during the peak of construction activity.<ref name=Juiz>{{cite web|title=MEMÓRIA COLETIVA |url=http://www.pjf.mg.gov.br/patrimonio/usina_marmelos.htm |publisher=Juiz de Fora |accessdate=17 October 2010 |language=Portuguese |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706155946/http://www.pjf.mg.gov.br/patrimonio/usina_marmelos.htm |archivedate=6 July 2011 |df= }}</ref><ref name=Municipal>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.tresmarias-mg.com.br/historia.htm|publisher=PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE TRÊS MARIAS|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="indus">{{cite web|title=Hydroelectric Plants in Brazil - Minas Gerais |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-mg.htm|publisher=IndustCards|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref> |
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The dam is {{convert|2700|m|ft}} long with a base of {{convert|600|ft|m}} and a height of {{convert|75|m|ft}}. The hydroelectric power station has an installed capacity of 396 MW (six units of 64.6 MW capacity each). The reservoir or the lake formed by the dam, known as the "Sweet Sea of Minas", has 21 billion cubic meters of water, a surface area of {{convert|1040|km2|mi2}}(8.7 times greater than [[Guanabara Bay]]), and provides water to 8 [[municipality|municipalities]]; one of the many islands formed in the lake is an [[Ecological station (Brazil)|ecological station]]; the [[Pirapitinga Ecological Station|Estação Ecologica de Pirapitinga]].<ref name=Municipal/><ref name="indus"/><ref name="indus"/> |
The dam is {{convert|2700|m|ft}} long with a base of {{convert|600|ft|m}} and a height of {{convert|75|m|ft}}. The hydroelectric power station has an installed capacity of 396 MW (six units of 64.6 MW capacity each). The reservoir or the lake formed by the dam, known as the "Sweet Sea of Minas", has 21 billion cubic meters of water, a surface area of {{convert|1040|km2|mi2}}(8.7 times greater than [[Guanabara Bay]]), and provides water to 8 [[municipality|municipalities]]; one of the many islands formed in the lake is an [[Ecological station (Brazil)|ecological station]]; the [[Pirapitinga Ecological Station|Estação Ecologica de Pirapitinga]].<ref name=Municipal/><ref name="indus"/><ref name="indus"/> |
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Revision as of 06:34, 2 October 2016
| Abaeté River | |
|---|---|
 Map showing the Abaeté River and the São Francisco River and Lake Tres Marias | |
 | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Minas Gerais state |
| Length | 270 km (170 mi) |
The Abaeté River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil. Its origin is in the Serra da Canastra, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of São Gotardo and it passes through São Gonçalo do Abaeté. The river runs nearly north and empties into the São Francisco River, the confluence being located at 18°2′15″S 45°11′14″W / 18.03750°S 45.18722°W. The Pontal area at the Abaeté River mouth is an important spawning site for fish.[1]
Geography
The Abaeté flows for 270 kilometres (170 mi) and its width varies between 200 ft (61 m) to 500 ft (150 m).[2] It is a rock-bottomed highland river,[3] containing clay sediments.
Geology
Noted for its diamond mines,[4] diamonds were first discovered in the river during the period of 1780-85.[5] Several of the largest diamonds found in Brazil originated here, though medium or low quality stones are more common.[6] A diamond, known as the Abaeté brilliant, was discovered in the river in 1791 whilst a group of men were searching for gold.[7]
In addition to garnets, gold, iridium, jaspers, osmium, and platinum, the gravel contains 30 other minerals.[2] The palladium-free platinum found in the Abaeté River is strongly magnetic and rich in iron.[8]
Dam
South of the confluence of the river, along the São Francisco River, is the Três Marias Dam, (Três Marias is a popular legend linked with the river and three sisters) named after Bernard Mascarenhas who had built South America's first major hydroelectric power plant in Brazil, the Marmelos Zero Power Plant in 1889. It is one of the largest earth dams in the world for developed for deriving multipurpose benefits. The project envisaged control of the flow of the river through flood storage, improving its navigability, providing irrigation, generating hydroelectric power to supply for the development of industry and other uses. Begun in 1957, the dam was completed in January 1961 while the first units of the power station was commissioned in 1962; the balance five units of the power station were commissioned by end of 1979. Its construction is considered a world record in this type of construction employing 10,000 people working during the peak of construction activity.[9][10][11]
The dam is 2,700 metres (8,900 ft) long with a base of 600 feet (180 m) and a height of 75 metres (246 ft). The hydroelectric power station has an installed capacity of 396 MW (six units of 64.6 MW capacity each). The reservoir or the lake formed by the dam, known as the "Sweet Sea of Minas", has 21 billion cubic meters of water, a surface area of 1,040 square kilometres (400 sq mi)(8.7 times greater than Guanabara Bay), and provides water to 8 municipalities; one of the many islands formed in the lake is an ecological station; the Estação Ecologica de Pirapitinga.[10][11][11]
References
- ^ "Migration and spawning of radio-tagged zulega Prochilodus argenteus in a dammed brazilian river". American Fisheries Society. Retrieved 2010-10-16.
- ^ a b Oakenfull, J. C. (1913). Brazil in 1912. R. Atkinson, limited. p. 322.
- ^ "Chapter 5. MIGRATORY FISHES OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER". The International Development Research Centre. Retrieved 2010-10-16.
- ^ "Brazilian Diamonds Ltd (BZD.V)". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-10-16.
- ^ Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 58. Royal Society of Arts (Great Britain). 1909.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link) - ^ Dall'Agnol, Roberto; Jorge Silva Bettencourt (1997). Proceedings of the Symposium on Rapakivi Granites and Related Rocks, Belém (Brazil), August 2-5, 1995, Vol. 70. Academia Brasileira de Ciências.
- ^ Sir Richard Francis Burton (1869). Explorations of the Highlands of the Brazil: With a Full Account of the Gold and Diamond Mines. Also, Canoeing Down 1500 Miles of the Great River São Francisco, from Sabará to the Sea, Volume 2. Tinsley brothers. p. 153.
- ^ Pan American Union; International Bureau of the American Republics (1908). Bulletin of the Pan American Union , Volume 26, Issues 1-3. p. 529.
- ^ "MEMÓRIA COLETIVA" (in Portuguese). Juiz de Fora. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "History". PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE TRÊS MARIAS. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
- ^ a b c "Hydroelectric Plants in Brazil - Minas Gerais". IndustCards. Retrieved 17 October 2010.