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Map of the Spratly Islands showing Bombay Castle and Rifleman Bank

Bombay Castle (Vietnamese Bãi Ba Kè, Chinese : Pi-p'o pao chiao / Pengbo Bao)^[1] is a shoal with a lighthouse in the Rifleman Bank of the southern Spratly Islands. It is occupied by Vietnam.^[2]

Location and Topography

Bombay Castle consists of a submerged reef located between 07°50′N 111°40′E / 7.833°N 111.667°E / 7.833; 111.667 and 07°56′N 111°42′E / 7.933°N 111.700°E / 7.933; 111.700 (between 07°50′N 111°40′E / 7.833°N 111.667°E / 7.833; 111.667 and 07°56′N 111°42′E / 7.933°N 111.700°E / 7.933; 111.700) at the northern end of Rifleman Bank.^[3]^[4] At its shallowest point, it has a depth of 3 meters consisting of sand and coral.^[5] It lies 80 miles east of Huyền Trân (Alexandra Bank) and nearly 80 miles west of An Bang (Amboyna Cay).^[6] Bombay Castle has a 22.5 metre tall lighthouse (built:1995) on steel pilings. The lighthouse is two storied, with accommodation for the lighthouse keepers and a dish antenna.^[7]^[8]

The reef is named after the East Indiaman clipper Bombay Castle.^[9]

DK1 rigs

In addition to the lighthouse (DK1/21), three other DK1 rigs ("economic, scientific and technological service stations") have been constructed by Vietnam in this area. The current (2015) cluster has 3 rigs in use.

DK1/4: Completed 16 June 1989, was the 2nd DK1 rig completed. It collapsed on the night of 4 December 1990 during a heavy storm.^[10]
DK1/9: Completed 22 August 1993.^[11]
DK1/20: Completed 13 August 1998.^[12]
DK1/21: Completed 19 August 1998. This rig includes a lighthouse.^[13]

References

^ "Glossary of names - South China Sea". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
^ "Bombay Castle". https://www.zotero.org. East Asian Studies Library. Retrieved 6 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
^ Pub 161 - Sailing Directions - South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Ninth ed.). U.S.A: ProStar Publications, Inc. 20 November 2004. p. 14. ISBN 157785652X. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
^ Samuels, Marwyn (2013). Contest for the South China Sea. Routledge. p. 191. ISBN 1136575537. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
^ Valencia, Mark J.; Dyke, Jon M. Van; Ludwig, Noel A. (July 1999). Sharing the Resources of the South China Sea. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824818814. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
^ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the Spratlys". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
^ "Lighthouse - VMS South - Ba Kè". http://www.vms-south.vn. Southern Vietnam Maritime Safety Corporation. Retrieved 6 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
^ "Photo of Bombay Castle Lighthouse, Rifleman Bank". Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "The voyages of Bombay Castle". RMG Archives. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
^ "Photographs of DK1/4". hoangsa.org.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "Photographs of DK1/9". hoangsa.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) close-up
^ "Photographs of DK1/20". hoangsa.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ "Photographs of DK1/21". hoangsa.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

External links

Vietnamese lighthouse on Bombay Castle (photo)
NGA chart 93049 showing Rifleman, Southwest and Vanguard Banks, (7-9N,109-112E), oceangrafix.com
Larger scale charts also showing Vietnam coast: NGA chart 93020 (7-10N,104-110E), NGA chart 93030 (9-16N,105-116E), oceangrafix.com
DK1 rigs photo gallery, hoangsa.org
- Bombay Castle

[1] "Glossary of names - South China Sea". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

[2] "Bombay Castle". https://www.zotero.org. East Asian Studies Library. Retrieved 6 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)

[3] Pub 161 - Sailing Directions - South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Ninth ed.). U.S.A: ProStar Publications, Inc. 20 November 2004. p. 14. ISBN 157785652X. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

[4] Samuels, Marwyn (2013). Contest for the South China Sea. Routledge. p. 191. ISBN 1136575537. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

[5] Valencia, Mark J.; Dyke, Jon M. Van; Ludwig, Noel A. (July 1999). Sharing the Resources of the South China Sea. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824818814. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

[6] Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the Spratlys". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

[7] "Lighthouse - VMS South - Ba Kè". http://www.vms-south.vn. Southern Vietnam Maritime Safety Corporation. Retrieved 6 June 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)

[8] "Photo of Bombay Castle Lighthouse, Rifleman Bank". Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[9] "The voyages of Bombay Castle". RMG Archives. Retrieved 6 June 2014.

[DK1-4-10] "Photographs of DK1/4". hoangsa.org.^{[permanent dead link]}

[DK1-9-11] "Photographs of DK1/9". hoangsa.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) close-up

[DK1-20-12] "Photographs of DK1/20". hoangsa.org. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[DK1-21-13] "Photographs of DK1/21". hoangsa.org. Archived from the original on 2015-04-11. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 == Location and Topography ==
-Bombay Castle consists of a submerged [[reef]] located between {{Coord|07|50|N|111|40|E|display=it}} and {{Coord|07|56|N|111|42|E|}} (between {{Coord|07|50|N|111|40|E|format=dec}} and {{Coord|07|56|N|111|42|E|format=dec}}) at the northern end of Rifleman Bank.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pub 161 - Sailing Directions - South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand |date=20 November 2004 |publisher=ProStar Publications, Inc |location=U.S.A |isbn=157785652X |page=14 |edition=Ninth |accessdate=6 June 2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Cavs681Ym8C&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&dq=bombay+castle+south+china+sea&source=bl&ots=rO_Yd9GXpH&sig=5_TNlV-1--ElghM4K4qNbo27Euk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wZeRU-C4GMWElQX3_4CoCA&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=bombay%20castle%20south%20china%20sea&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Samuels |first1=Marwyn |title=Contest for the South China Sea |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1136575537 |page=191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjn-AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=bombay+castle+south+china+sea&source=bl&ots=eK2WuNcAT1&sig=E3v5lFYj4enjetOnFQ9R91w0jxc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wZeRU-C4GMWElQX3_4CoCA&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=bombay%20castle%20south%20china%20sea&f=false |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref> At its shallowest point, it has a depth of 3 meters consisting of sand and coral.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valencia |first1=Mark J. |last2=Dyke |first2=Jon M. Van |last3=Ludwig |first3=Noel A. |title=Sharing the Resources of the South China Sea |date=July 1999 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=0824818814 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqOKE2aI5roC&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=bombay+castle+south+china+sea&source=bl&ots=YhjTHNIJDP&sig=cblZzB3jf308LhjNOJlZljIhXO8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wZeRU-C4GMWElQX3_4CoCA&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=bombay%20castle%20south%20china%20sea&f=false |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref> It lies 80 miles east of Huyền Trân ([[Alexandra Bank]]) and nearly 80 miles west of An Bang ([[Amboyna Cay]]).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rowlett |first1=Russ |title=Lighthouses of the Spratlys |url= http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/spr.htm |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |accessdate=6 June 2014 }}</ref> Bombay Castle has a 22.5 metre tall lighthouse (built:1995) on steel pilings. The lighthouse is two storied, with accommodation for the lighthouse keepers and a dish antenna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lighthouse - VMS South - Ba Kè |url=http://www.vms-south.vn/hai-dang-luong-hang-hai/he-thong-hai-dang/ba-ke |website=http://www.vms-south.vn |publisher=Southern Vietnam Maritime Safety Corporation |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Photo of Bombay Castle Lighthouse, Rifleman Bank |url=http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=5150&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f20-ba-k-c3-a8-328ba-k-c3-a8-c-29&cat=110 |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref>
+Bombay Castle consists of a submerged [[reef]] located between {{Coord|07|50|N|111|40|E|display=it}} and {{Coord|07|56|N|111|42|E|}} (between {{Coord|07|50|N|111|40|E|format=dec}} and {{Coord|07|56|N|111|42|E|format=dec}}) at the northern end of Rifleman Bank.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pub 161 - Sailing Directions - South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand |date=20 November 2004 |publisher=ProStar Publications, Inc |location=U.S.A |isbn=157785652X |page=14 |edition=Ninth |accessdate=6 June 2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Cavs681Ym8C&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&dq=bombay+castle+south+china+sea&source=bl&ots=rO_Yd9GXpH&sig=5_TNlV-1--ElghM4K4qNbo27Euk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wZeRU-C4GMWElQX3_4CoCA&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=bombay%20castle%20south%20china%20sea&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Samuels |first1=Marwyn |title=Contest for the South China Sea |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1136575537 |page=191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjn-AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=bombay+castle+south+china+sea&source=bl&ots=eK2WuNcAT1&sig=E3v5lFYj4enjetOnFQ9R91w0jxc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wZeRU-C4GMWElQX3_4CoCA&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=bombay%20castle%20south%20china%20sea&f=false |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref> At its shallowest point, it has a depth of 3 meters consisting of sand and coral.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valencia |first1=Mark J. |last2=Dyke |first2=Jon M. Van |last3=Ludwig |first3=Noel A. |title=Sharing the Resources of the South China Sea |date=July 1999 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=0824818814 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqOKE2aI5roC&pg=PA232&lpg=PA232&dq=bombay+castle+south+china+sea&source=bl&ots=YhjTHNIJDP&sig=cblZzB3jf308LhjNOJlZljIhXO8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wZeRU-C4GMWElQX3_4CoCA&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=bombay%20castle%20south%20china%20sea&f=false |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref> It lies 80 miles east of Huyền Trân ([[Alexandra Bank]]) and nearly 80 miles west of An Bang ([[Amboyna Cay]]).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rowlett |first1=Russ |title=Lighthouses of the Spratlys |url= http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/spr.htm |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |accessdate=6 June 2014 }}</ref> Bombay Castle has a 22.5 metre tall lighthouse (built:1995) on steel pilings. The lighthouse is two storied, with accommodation for the lighthouse keepers and a dish antenna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lighthouse - VMS South - Ba Kè |url=http://www.vms-south.vn/hai-dang-luong-hang-hai/he-thong-hai-dang/ba-ke |website=http://www.vms-south.vn |publisher=Southern Vietnam Maritime Safety Corporation |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Photo of Bombay Castle Lighthouse, Rifleman Bank |url=http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=5150&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f20-ba-k-c3-a8-328ba-k-c3-a8-c-29&cat=110 |accessdate=6 June 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606214602/http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=5150&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f20-ba-k-c3-a8-328ba-k-c3-a8-c-29&cat=110 |archivedate=6 June 2014 |df= }}</ref>
 The reef is named after the [[East Indiaman]] [[clipper]] ''[[Battle of Pulo Aura|Bombay Castle]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The voyages of Bombay Castle |url=http://collections.rmg.co.uk/archive/objects/491780.html |publisher=RMG Archives |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref>
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==DK1 rigs==
 In addition to the lighthouse (DK1/21), three other [[DK1 rigs]] ("economic, scientific and technological service stations") have been constructed by Vietnam in this area.  The current (2015) cluster has 3 rigs in use.
-* DK1/4: Completed 16 June 1989, was the 2nd DK1 rig completed. It collapsed on the night of 4 December 1990 during a heavy storm.<ref name=DK1-4>{{cite web |url= http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=1607&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f4-ba-k-c3-a8-a-n-c4-83m-1989&cat=110 |title= Photographs of DK1/4 |publisher= hoangsa.org }}</ref>
+* DK1/4: Completed 16 June 1989, was the 2nd DK1 rig completed. It collapsed on the night of 4 December 1990 during a heavy storm.<ref name=DK1-4>{{cite web|url=http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=1607&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f4-ba-k-c3-a8-a-n-c4-83m-1989&cat=110 |title=Photographs of DK1/4 |publisher=hoangsa.org }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
-* DK1/9: Completed 22 August 1993.<ref name=DK1-9>{{cite web |url= http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=2121&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f9-ba-k-c3-a8-2&cat=110 |title= Photographs of DK1/9 |publisher= hoangsa.org }} [http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=1440&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk-1-2f9-ba-k-c3-a8-b28hay-ba-k-c3-a8-2-29&cat=110 close-up]</ref>
+* DK1/9: Completed 22 August 1993.<ref name=DK1-9>{{cite web|url=http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=2121&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f9-ba-k-c3-a8-2&cat=110 |title=Photographs of DK1/9 |publisher=hoangsa.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411160746/http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=2121&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f9-ba-k-c3-a8-2&cat=110 |archivedate=2015-04-11 |df= }} [http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=1440&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk-1-2f9-ba-k-c3-a8-b28hay-ba-k-c3-a8-2-29&cat=110 close-up]</ref>
-* DK1/20: Completed 13 August 1998.<ref name=DK1-20>{{cite web |url= http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=5150&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f20-ba-k-c3-a8-328ba-k-c3-a8-c-29&cat=110 |title= Photographs of DK1/20 |publisher= hoangsa.org }}</ref>
+* DK1/20: Completed 13 August 1998.<ref name=DK1-20>{{cite web|url=http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=5150&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f20-ba-k-c3-a8-328ba-k-c3-a8-c-29&cat=110 |title=Photographs of DK1/20 |publisher=hoangsa.org |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606214602/http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=5150&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f20-ba-k-c3-a8-328ba-k-c3-a8-c-29&cat=110 |archivedate=2014-06-06 |df= }}</ref>
-* DK1/21: Completed 19 August 1998. This rig includes a lighthouse.<!-- Lighthouse: 1995(?); 07o49’09.8”N, 110o30’03.4”E; 22.5m high; http://www.vms-south.vn/hai-dang-luong-hang-hai/he-thong-hai-dang/ba-ke --><ref name=DK1-21>{{cite web |url=
+* DK1/21: Completed 19 August 1998. This rig includes a lighthouse.<!-- Lighthouse: 1995(?); 07o49’09.8”N, 110o30’03.4”E; 22.5m high; http://www.vms-south.vn/hai-dang-luong-hang-hai/he-thong-hai-dang/ba-ke --><ref name=DK1-21>{{cite web
-http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=9272&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f21-ba-k-c3-a8b-e1-ba-a1ch-h-e1-bb-95&cat=110 |title= Photographs of DK1/21 |publisher= hoangsa.org }}</ref>
+ |url=http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=9272&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f21-ba-k-c3-a8b-e1-ba-a1ch-h-e1-bb-95&cat=110
+ |title=Photographs of DK1/21
+ |publisher=hoangsa.org
+ |deadurl=yes
+ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411174456/http://ver2.hoangsa.org/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=9272&title=nh-c3-a0-gi-c3-a0n-dk1-2f21-ba-k-c3-a8b-e1-ba-a1ch-h-e1-bb-95&cat=110
+ |archivedate=2015-04-11
+ |df=
+}}</ref>
 ==See also==