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=== Association Radko ===
=== Association Radko ===
Association Radko is an illegal [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] political organisation it the Republic of Macedonia. The "Radko" association was registered in Ohrid in 2000. In 2001 the [[Constitutional Court]] of Republic of Macedonia banned the organization [[Radko Association|Radko]] as "promoting racial and religious hate and intolerance".<ref>[http://www.radkomk.com/UstavniotSud.htm РЕШЕНИЕ НА УСТАВНИОТ СУД НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА Публикувано во СЛУЖБЕН ВЕСНИК НА РМ Бр. 27 од 10.04.2001г.]</ref> The association is named after the conspiration [[pseudonym]] of [[Ivan Mihailov]], leader of [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]] during the [[interbellum]]. In official Macedonian historiography, Mihailov is a [[terrorist]] and a Bulgarian [[chauvinist]]. In 2009 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] in [[Strasbourg]], condemned [[Republic of Macedonia]] because of violations of the [[European Convention of Human Rights]] in this case.<ref>[http://www.radkomk.com/15.01.2009.pdf Judgment 15 January 2009, (Application no. 74651/01)]</ref>
Association Radko is an illegal [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]] political organisation it the Republic of Macedonia. The "Radko" association was registered in Ohrid in 2000. In 2001 the [[Constitutional Court]] of Republic of Macedonia banned the organization [[Radko Association|Radko]] as "promoting racial and religious hate and intolerance".<ref>[http://www.radkomk.com/UstavniotSud.htm РЕШЕНИЕ НА УСТАВНИОТ СУД НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА Публикувано во СЛУЖБЕН ВЕСНИК НА РМ Бр. 27 од 10.04.2001г.] {{wayback|url=http://www.radkomk.com/UstavniotSud.htm |date=20090207191544 |df=y }}</ref> The association is named after the conspiration [[pseudonym]] of [[Ivan Mihailov]], leader of [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]] during the [[interbellum]]. In official Macedonian historiography, Mihailov is a [[terrorist]] and a Bulgarian [[chauvinist]]. In 2009 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] in [[Strasbourg]], condemned [[Republic of Macedonia]] because of violations of the [[European Convention of Human Rights]] in this case.<ref>[http://www.radkomk.com/15.01.2009.pdf Judgment 15 January 2009, (Application no. 74651/01)] {{wayback|url=http://www.radkomk.com/15.01.2009.pdf |date=20090305045748 |df=y }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 15:22, 10 November 2016

Bulgarians in the Republic
of Macedonia
Regions with significant populations
Strumica and surrounding region
Languages
Bulgarian and Macedonian
Religion
Macedonian Orthodox Church
Related ethnic groups
Macedonians

Bulgarians are an ethnic minority in the Republic of Macedonia. Bulgarians are mostly found in the Strumica area,[3] but over the years, the absolute majority of southwestern Republic of Macedonia have declared themselves Macedonian. The town of Strumica and its surrounding area (including Novo Selo) were part of Bulgaria between the Balkan wars and the end of World War I, as well as during the World War II. The total number of Bulgarians counted in the 2002 Census was 1,417 or roughly 0.07%.

History

Yugoslavia

Until 1913 the majority of the Slav population of all three parts of the wider region of Macedonia had Bulgarian identity.[4] In 1913, the region of present-day Republic of Macedonia became a part of the Kingdom of Serbia, thus becoming Southern Serbia. During World War II, when most regions of Macedonia were annexed by Bulgaria, a pro-Bulgarian ideology existed among the Slavic majority.[5][6] However, harsh treatment by occupying Bulgarian troops reduced significantly the pro-Bulgarian orientation of the Macedonian Slavs.[7] After the end of World War II, the creation of People's Republic of Macedonia and the codification of a new Macedonian language, a process of ethnogenesis started and a distinct national Macedonian identity was inaugurated into an established system. The new Yugoslav authorities began a policy of removing of any Bulgarian influence, making Macedonia a connecting link for the establishment of new Balkan Communist Federation and creating a distinct Slavic consciousness that would inspire identification with Yugoslavia.[8] The authorities took also repressive measures that would overcome the pro-Bulgarian feelings among parts of the population, such as the Bloody Christmas in 1945.[9][9][10] In Macedonia the Bulgarophobia increased almost to the level of state ideology,[11] and the communists were successful in removing all Bulgarian influence in the region.[9]

Part of a series on
Bulgarians
Българи
Coat of arms of Bulgaria
Culture
By country
Subgroups
Religion
Language
Other

The fall of Communism to present-day

By the time the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed its independence those who continued to look to Bulgaria were very few.[9] Some 3,000 - 4,000 people that stuck to their Bulgarian identity (most of them living in Strumica and the surroundings) met great hostility among the authorities and the rest of the population. With the fall of Communism this hostility has decreased, but still remains.[9] Occasional trials against Bulgarophiles have continued until today.[12][13]

In the period 2002-2014 about 58,608 citizens of Republic of Macedonia have acquired Bulgarian citizenship, almost all of them acquired by descent and always on 1st position by acquired citizenship per country.

Year Period Acquired citizenships Position
2002-2012[14] 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 44211 1
2012[15] 23.01.2012-22.01.2013 8185 1
2013[16] 23.01.2013-22.01.2014 4388 1
2014[17] 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 1874 1
2015[18] 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 4315 1
Cumulative 22.01.2002-31.12.2015 59923 1

Politics

Bulgarians and Bulgarophiles in the Republic of Macedonia do not have their own political parties, but still have political activity. Many politicians revealed their bulgarophilness after leaving the political stage as Ljubčo Georgievski and Antonio Milošoski.[19] During the last few years, rising economic prosperity and the EU membership of Bulgaria has seen around 60,000 Macedonians applying for Bulgarian citizenship;[20] in order to obtain it they must provide evidence of their Bulgarian origin and sign a statement declaring they are Bulgarians by origin. About 50,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship in the past 10 years.[21][22]

Association Radko

Association Radko is an illegal Bulgarian political organisation it the Republic of Macedonia. The "Radko" association was registered in Ohrid in 2000. In 2001 the Constitutional Court of Republic of Macedonia banned the organization Radko as "promoting racial and religious hate and intolerance".[23] The association is named after the conspiration pseudonym of Ivan Mihailov, leader of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization during the interbellum. In official Macedonian historiography, Mihailov is a terrorist and a Bulgarian chauvinist. In 2009 the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, condemned Republic of Macedonia because of violations of the European Convention of Human Rights in this case.[24]

See also

References

  1. ^ Republic of Macedonia - State Statistical Office
  2. ^ Годишни доклади на Комисия по българско гражданство и българи в чужбина (22.01.2002 – 31.12.2014)
  3. ^ Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918-1992, Dejan Djokić, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, ISBN 1-85065-663-0, p. 122.
  4. ^ Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) - Macedonians of Bulgaria
  5. ^ The struggle for Greece, 1941-1949, Christopher Montague Woodhouse, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, ISBN 1-85065-492-1, p. 67.
  6. ^ Who are the Macedonians? Hugh Poulton, Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, ISBN 1-85065-238-4, ISBN 978-1-85065-238-0, p. 101.
  7. ^ Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern hatreds: the symbolic politics of ethnic war. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-8014-8736-6. While Bulgarian was most common affiliation then, mistreatment by occupying Bulgarian troops during WWII cured most Macedonians from their pro-Bulgarian sympathies, leaving them embracing the new Macedonian identity promoted by the Tito regime after the war.
  8. ^ Europe since 1945. Encyclopedia by Bernard Anthony Cook. ISBN 0-8153-4058-3, pg. 808. [1]
  9. ^ a b c d e Djokić, Dejan (2003). Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 122. ISBN 1-85065-663-0.
  10. ^ Phillips, John (2004). Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans. I.B.Tauris. p. 40. ISBN 1-86064-841-X.
  11. ^ Mirjana Maleska. Editor-in-chief. WITH THE EYES OF THE "OTHERS". (about Macedonian-Bulgarian relations and the Macedonian national identity). New Balkan Politics - Journal of Politics. ISSUE 6 [2]
  12. ^ Violations of Human Rights of Macedonian citizens with a Bulgarian ethnic consciousness 1990-1997
  13. ^ Court for waved Bulgarian flag in Macedonia.
  14. ^ Предоставяне на българско гражданство, Справка за преиода 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 г. (Bulgarian citizenship Information for the period 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 year)
  15. ^ Доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за 2012-2013 година (Report on the activities of the CBCBA for 2012-2013 year), p. 7
  16. ^ Доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 23.01.2013 – 22.01.2014 година (Report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 23.01.2013–22.01.2014 year), p. 6
  17. ^ Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 year), p. 5
  18. ^ Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 year), p. 6
  19. ^ Утрински весник, 07.08.2009, Непотребно заострување на односите, Филип Петровски.
  20. ^ Sofia Echo, Dec. 17, 2007. Almost 60 000 Macedonians were waiting for their Bulgarian citizenship.
  21. ^ Bulgarian citizenship: the latest numbers
  22. ^ Most people granted Bulgarian citizenship in 2012 come from Macedonia, 23 January 2013, FOCUS News Agency.
  23. ^ РЕШЕНИЕ НА УСТАВНИОТ СУД НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА Публикувано во СЛУЖБЕН ВЕСНИК НА РМ Бр. 27 од 10.04.2001г. Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Judgment 15 January 2009, (Application no. 74651/01) Archived 2009-03-05 at the Wayback Machine

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