Jump to content

Dongui Bogam: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v1.2.7.1)
Line 9: Line 9:
[[File:Dongibogam.jpg|thumb|TOC of ''Dongui Bogam'']]
[[File:Dongibogam.jpg|thumb|TOC of ''Dongui Bogam'']]


The '''''Dongui Bogam''''' (동의보감) is a [[Korean language|Korean]] book compiled by the royal physician, [[Heo Jun]] (1539 – 1615) and was first published in 1613 during the [[Joseon Dynasty]] of [[Korea]]. The title literally means “a priceless book about medicines of an Eastern Country”. The word "Eastern" is not the antonym to the Western World's 'Western', but Heo Jun gave the book such name because Eastern Country was one of [[Names of Korea|sobriquets of Korea]]. The book is regarded important in [[traditional Korean medicine]] and one of the classics of Oriental medicine today. As of July 2009, it is on [[UNESCO]]’s [[Memory of the World Programme]].<ref>[http://www.korea.net/kois/eng_si_read.asp?slide_no=191 The History of Science in Korea] Korean Culture and Information Service (KOIS)</ref> The original edition of Dongui Bogam is currently preserved by the Korean National Library.<ref name="db doosan">{{ko}} [http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=50390 Dongui Bogam] at [[Doosan Encyclopedia]]</ref> It is expected to be translated in English by 2013.<ref>http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Koreas-Ancient-Medical-Book-Dongui-3748562.S.46407523</ref> The original was written in [[Hanja]] and only part of it was transcribed in Korean for wide reading use, as only officials understood in [[Hanja|Hanmun]].<ref>https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/04/142_49756.html</ref>
The '''''Dongui Bogam''''' (동의보감) is a [[Korean language|Korean]] book compiled by the royal physician, [[Heo Jun]] (1539 – 1615) and was first published in 1613 during the [[Joseon Dynasty]] of [[Korea]]. The title literally means “a priceless book about medicines of an Eastern Country”. The word "Eastern" is not the antonym to the Western World's 'Western', but Heo Jun gave the book such name because Eastern Country was one of [[Names of Korea|sobriquets of Korea]]. The book is regarded important in [[traditional Korean medicine]] and one of the classics of Oriental medicine today. As of July 2009, it is on [[UNESCO]]’s [[Memory of the World Programme]].<ref>[http://www.korea.net/kois/eng_si_read.asp?slide_no=191 The History of Science in Korea] {{wayback|url=http://www.korea.net/kois/eng_si_read.asp?slide_no=191 |date=20081222232827 }} Korean Culture and Information Service (KOIS)</ref> The original edition of Dongui Bogam is currently preserved by the Korean National Library.<ref name="db doosan">{{ko}} [http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=50390 Dongui Bogam] at [[Doosan Encyclopedia]]</ref> It is expected to be translated in English by 2013.<ref>http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Koreas-Ancient-Medical-Book-Dongui-3748562.S.46407523</ref> The original was written in [[Hanja]] and only part of it was transcribed in Korean for wide reading use, as only officials understood in [[Hanja|Hanmun]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/04/142_49756.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-04-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409033523/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/04/142_49756.html |archivedate=2015-04-09 |df= }}</ref>


==Background==
==Background==
Line 16: Line 16:
human organs affected, rather than the disease itself, was a revolutionary development at that time. It contains insights that in some cases did not enter the medical knowledge of Europe until the twentieth century.<ref>http://www.koreanhero.net/fiftywonders/FiftyWonders2_English.pdf</ref>
human organs affected, rather than the disease itself, was a revolutionary development at that time. It contains insights that in some cases did not enter the medical knowledge of Europe until the twentieth century.<ref>http://www.koreanhero.net/fiftywonders/FiftyWonders2_English.pdf</ref>


Work on the ''Dongui Bogam'' started in the 29th year of [[Seonjo of Joseon|King Seonjo]]’s reign (1596) by the main physicians of ''Naeuiwon'' (내의원, “royal clinic”), with the objective to create a thorough compilation of traditional medicine. Main physician [[Heo Jun]] led the project but work was interrupted due to the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)#Second invasion (1597–1598)|second Japanese invasion of Korea in 1597]]. King Seonjo did not see the project come to fruition, but Heo Jun steadfastedly stuck to the project and finally completed the work in 1610, the 2nd year of [[Gwanghaegun of Joseon|King Gwanghaegun]]’s reign.<ref name="db doosan"/><ref name="db kp">[http://www.koreanpress.net/news/view.asp?idx=3248&msection=9&ssection=54&page=1 An ancient medical text gains worldwide recognition], Korean Press</ref>
Work on the ''Dongui Bogam'' started in the 29th year of [[Seonjo of Joseon|King Seonjo]]’s reign (1596) by the main physicians of ''Naeuiwon'' (내의원, “royal clinic”), with the objective to create a thorough compilation of traditional medicine. Main physician [[Heo Jun]] led the project but work was interrupted due to the [[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598)#Second invasion (1597–1598)|second Japanese invasion of Korea in 1597]]. King Seonjo did not see the project come to fruition, but Heo Jun steadfastedly stuck to the project and finally completed the work in 1610, the 2nd year of [[Gwanghaegun of Joseon|King Gwanghaegun]]’s reign.<ref name="db doosan"/><ref name="db kp">[http://www.koreanpress.net/news/view.asp?idx=3248&msection=9&ssection=54&page=1 An ancient medical text gains worldwide recognition] {{wayback|url=http://www.koreanpress.net/news/view.asp?idx=3248&msection=9&ssection=54&page=1 |date=20110723173113 }}, Korean Press</ref>


==The book==
==The book==
The ''Dongui Bogam'' consists of 25 volumes. In comparison to ''Hyangyak jipseongbang'' (향약집성방, "Compilation of Native Korean Prescriptions") written in 1433, ''Dongui Bogam'' is more systematic. It was written referring not only to Korean medicine texts but also those of China, and practically recorded illnesses with their respective remedies.<ref name="db ekc">{{ko}} [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=236253&v=44 Dongui Bogam] at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</ref>
The ''Dongui Bogam'' consists of 25 volumes. In comparison to ''Hyangyak jipseongbang'' (향약집성방, "Compilation of Native Korean Prescriptions") written in 1433, ''Dongui Bogam'' is more systematic. It was written referring not only to Korean medicine texts but also those of China, and practically recorded illnesses with their respective remedies.<ref name="db ekc">{{ko}} [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=236253&v=44 Dongui Bogam] {{wayback|url=http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=236253&v=44 |date=20110610014922 }} at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</ref>


===Contents===
===Contents===
Line 29: Line 29:
*''Chimgupyeon'' explains the acupuncture procedures for various ailments and disorders.
*''Chimgupyeon'' explains the acupuncture procedures for various ailments and disorders.


''Dongui Bogam'' offered not only medical facts, but also philosophical values of Eastern Asia. Heo Jun conveyed the message that maintaining the body’s energies in balance leads to one’s good health. The first page of the book is an anatomical map of the human body, linking human body with heaven and earth which embodies the Asian perspective of nature.<ref>{{ko}} [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=128011&v=44 Dongui Bogam] at Britannica Korea</ref>
''Dongui Bogam'' offered not only medical facts, but also philosophical values of Eastern Asia. Heo Jun conveyed the message that maintaining the body’s energies in balance leads to one’s good health. The first page of the book is an anatomical map of the human body, linking human body with heaven and earth which embodies the Asian perspective of nature.<ref>{{ko}} [http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=128011&v=44 Dongui Bogam] {{wayback|url=http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=B&i=128011&v=44 |date=20110610015025 }} at Britannica Korea</ref>


===Editions===
===Editions===
Line 35: Line 35:


==UNESCO Memory of the World Register and controversy==
==UNESCO Memory of the World Register and controversy==
In 2009, UNESCO decided to add ''Dongui Bogam'' to the cultural heritage list due to its contribution as a historical relic and it was placed on [[UNESCO]]’s [[Memory of the World Programme]], becoming Korea's seventh cultural heritage to be thus included.<ref>[http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/07/148_49413.html Dongui Bogam], Korea Times, 2009-07-31.</ref> However, doctors clashed over ''Dongui Bogam'' after the official listing. The Korean Medical Association (KMA) downplayed the book’s importance saying that “it shouldn’t be taken as anything more than a recognition of the book’s value as a historical relic. It should not be taken as an acknowledgement of traditional medicine for its superior effectiveness” Listing the fact that the book is full of quackery such as how to bore a son or how to make yourself invisible. The KMA emphasized that ''Dongui Bogam'' was merely a cultural artifact and not science. The Association of Korean Oriental Medicine (AKOM) criticized the doctors of KMA for the lack of their appreciation of the influence of ''Dongui Bogam'' and history, saying it is necessary “to inherit and advance traditional medicine”.<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2010/01/133_49602.html Doctors Clash Over ‘Mirror of Eastern Medicine’], Korea Times, 2009-08-04.</ref>
In 2009, UNESCO decided to add ''Dongui Bogam'' to the cultural heritage list due to its contribution as a historical relic and it was placed on [[UNESCO]]’s [[Memory of the World Programme]], becoming Korea's seventh cultural heritage to be thus included.<ref>[http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/07/148_49413.html Dongui Bogam] {{wayback|url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/07/148_49413.html |date=20100130012157 }}, Korea Times, 2009-07-31.</ref> However, doctors clashed over ''Dongui Bogam'' after the official listing. The Korean Medical Association (KMA) downplayed the book’s importance saying that “it shouldn’t be taken as anything more than a recognition of the book’s value as a historical relic. It should not be taken as an acknowledgement of traditional medicine for its superior effectiveness” Listing the fact that the book is full of quackery such as how to bore a son or how to make yourself invisible. The KMA emphasized that ''Dongui Bogam'' was merely a cultural artifact and not science. The Association of Korean Oriental Medicine (AKOM) criticized the doctors of KMA for the lack of their appreciation of the influence of ''Dongui Bogam'' and history, saying it is necessary “to inherit and advance traditional medicine”.<ref>[https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2010/01/133_49602.html Doctors Clash Over ‘Mirror of Eastern Medicine’] {{wayback|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2010/01/133_49602.html |date=20150409002954 }}, Korea Times, 2009-08-04.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 47: Line 47:
{{Commons category|Dongui Bogam}}
{{Commons category|Dongui Bogam}}
*[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27073&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html ''Donguibogam'': Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine] at [[UNESCO]] website
*[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27073&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html ''Donguibogam'': Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine] at [[UNESCO]] website
*[http://www.dongui400.or.kr/ 400 years of ''Dongui Bogam''], Dongui Bogam Organization
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100618143901/http://www.dongui400.or.kr:80/ 400 years of ''Dongui Bogam''], Dongui Bogam Organization


[[Category:Korean non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Korean non-fiction books]]

Revision as of 16:20, 15 December 2016

“Exemplar of Korean medicine”
Hangul
동의보감
Hanja
東醫寶鑑
Revised RomanizationDong(-)ui bogam
McCune–ReischauerTongŭi pogam
TOC of Dongui Bogam

The Dongui Bogam (동의보감) is a Korean book compiled by the royal physician, Heo Jun (1539 – 1615) and was first published in 1613 during the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. The title literally means “a priceless book about medicines of an Eastern Country”. The word "Eastern" is not the antonym to the Western World's 'Western', but Heo Jun gave the book such name because Eastern Country was one of sobriquets of Korea. The book is regarded important in traditional Korean medicine and one of the classics of Oriental medicine today. As of July 2009, it is on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme.[1] The original edition of Dongui Bogam is currently preserved by the Korean National Library.[2] It is expected to be translated in English by 2013.[3] The original was written in Hanja and only part of it was transcribed in Korean for wide reading use, as only officials understood in Hanmun.[4]

Background

Known as one of the classics in the history of Eastern medicine, it was published and used in many countries including China and Japan, and remains a key reference work for the study of Eastern medicine. Its categorization and ordering of symptoms and remedies under the different human organs affected, rather than the disease itself, was a revolutionary development at that time. It contains insights that in some cases did not enter the medical knowledge of Europe until the twentieth century.[5]

Work on the Dongui Bogam started in the 29th year of King Seonjo’s reign (1596) by the main physicians of Naeuiwon (내의원, “royal clinic”), with the objective to create a thorough compilation of traditional medicine. Main physician Heo Jun led the project but work was interrupted due to the second Japanese invasion of Korea in 1597. King Seonjo did not see the project come to fruition, but Heo Jun steadfastedly stuck to the project and finally completed the work in 1610, the 2nd year of King Gwanghaegun’s reign.[2][6]

The book

The Dongui Bogam consists of 25 volumes. In comparison to Hyangyak jipseongbang (향약집성방, "Compilation of Native Korean Prescriptions") written in 1433, Dongui Bogam is more systematic. It was written referring not only to Korean medicine texts but also those of China, and practically recorded illnesses with their respective remedies.[7]

Contents

The book is divided into 5 chapters: Naegyeongpyeon (내경편, Internal Medicine), Oehyeongpyeon (외형편, External Medicine), Japbyeongpyeon (잡병편, Miscellaneous Diseases), Tangaekpyeon (탕액편, Remedies), and Chimgupyeon (침구편, Acupuncture).[7][8]

  • Naegyeongpyeon primarily deals with physiologic functions and equivalent disorders of internal organs. The interactions of five organs - liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, and spleen - are thoroughly explained.
  • Oehyeongpyeon explains the function of visible parts of the human body - skin, muscles, blood vessels, tendons, and bones - and the various related illnesses.
  • Japbyeongpyeon deals with diagnosis and healing methods of various illnesses and disorders such as anxiety, over-excitement, stroke, cold, nausea, edema, jaundice, carbunculosis, and others. This chapter also has a section for pediatrics and gynecology.
  • Tangaekpyeon details methods for creating remedies and potions such as the collection of medicinal herbs and plants, creating and handling of medication, correct prescription and administration of medicine. All herbal medicine is categorized with explanations regarding their strength, gathering period and their common names for easy understanding.
  • Chimgupyeon explains the acupuncture procedures for various ailments and disorders.

Dongui Bogam offered not only medical facts, but also philosophical values of Eastern Asia. Heo Jun conveyed the message that maintaining the body’s energies in balance leads to one’s good health. The first page of the book is an anatomical map of the human body, linking human body with heaven and earth which embodies the Asian perspective of nature.[9]

Editions

There have been several print editions of Dongui Bogam besides the original Naeuiwon edition, within Korea and abroad. The first Chinese edition was printed in 1763 with additional prints in 1796, and 1890. The Japanese edition was first printed in 1724, and then 1799.[7]

UNESCO Memory of the World Register and controversy

In 2009, UNESCO decided to add Dongui Bogam to the cultural heritage list due to its contribution as a historical relic and it was placed on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme, becoming Korea's seventh cultural heritage to be thus included.[10] However, doctors clashed over Dongui Bogam after the official listing. The Korean Medical Association (KMA) downplayed the book’s importance saying that “it shouldn’t be taken as anything more than a recognition of the book’s value as a historical relic. It should not be taken as an acknowledgement of traditional medicine for its superior effectiveness” Listing the fact that the book is full of quackery such as how to bore a son or how to make yourself invisible. The KMA emphasized that Dongui Bogam was merely a cultural artifact and not science. The Association of Korean Oriental Medicine (AKOM) criticized the doctors of KMA for the lack of their appreciation of the influence of Dongui Bogam and history, saying it is necessary “to inherit and advance traditional medicine”.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ The History of Science in Korea Template:Wayback Korean Culture and Information Service (KOIS)
  2. ^ a b Template:Ko Dongui Bogam at Doosan Encyclopedia
  3. ^ http://www.linkedin.com/groups/Koreas-Ancient-Medical-Book-Dongui-3748562.S.46407523
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-09. Retrieved 2015-04-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ http://www.koreanhero.net/fiftywonders/FiftyWonders2_English.pdf
  6. ^ An ancient medical text gains worldwide recognition Template:Wayback, Korean Press
  7. ^ a b c Template:Ko Dongui Bogam Template:Wayback at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
  8. ^ [1], UNESCO
  9. ^ Template:Ko Dongui Bogam Template:Wayback at Britannica Korea
  10. ^ Dongui Bogam Template:Wayback, Korea Times, 2009-07-31.
  11. ^ Doctors Clash Over ‘Mirror of Eastern Medicine’ Template:Wayback, Korea Times, 2009-08-04.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dongui Bogam.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dongui_Bogam&oldid=754984982"