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| familia_authority = [[Johannes Peter Müller|J. P. Müller]] & [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], 1837
| familia_authority = [[Johannes Peter Müller|J. P. Müller]] & [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], 1837
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text.
| subdivision =
* ''[[Acroteriobatus]]''
* ''[[Pseudobatos]]''
* ''[[Rhinobatos]]''
}}
}}


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Nelson's 2006 ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' recognized four genera in this family: ''Aptychotrema'', ''Rhinobatos'', ''Trygonorrhina'', and ''Zapteryx''; other taxa once placed in the Rhinobatidae, such as ''[[Platyrhinoidis]]'' and ''[[Bowmouth guitarfish|Rhina]]'', have since been moved to their own families. Recently, the genus ''Glaucostegus'' has again become recognized as distinct from ''Rhinobatos''. The status of ''Tarsistes'' is dubious.
Nelson's 2006 ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' recognized four genera in this family: ''Aptychotrema'', ''Rhinobatos'', ''Trygonorrhina'', and ''Zapteryx''; other taxa once placed in the Rhinobatidae, such as ''[[Platyrhinoidis]]'' and ''[[Bowmouth guitarfish|Rhina]]'', have since been moved to their own families. Recently, the genus ''Glaucostegus'' has again become recognized as distinct from ''Rhinobatos''. The status of ''Tarsistes'' is dubious.


* Genus ''[[Aptychotrema]]'' <small>[[John Roxborough Norman|Norman]], 1926</small>
** ''[[Aptychotrema bougainvillii]]'' <small>[[Johannes Peter Müller|J. P. Müller]] & [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], 1841</small> (short-snouted shovelnose ray)
** ''[[Aptychotrema rostrata]]'' <small>[[George Shaw|Shaw]], 1794</small> (eastern shovelnose ray)
** ''[[Aptychotrema timorensis]]'' <small>[[Peter R. Last|Last]], 2004</small> (spotted shovelnose ray)
** ''[[Aptychotrema vincentiana]]'' <small>[[Wilhelm Haacke|Haacke]], 1885</small> (western shovelnose ray)
* Genus ''[[Glaucostegus]]'' <small>[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1846</small>
** ''[[Glaucostegus granulatus]]'' <small>[[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1829</small> (sharpnose guitarfish)
** ''[[Glaucostegus halavi]]'' <small>[[Peter Forsskål|Forsskål]], 1775</small> (Halavi guitarfish)
** ''[[Glaucostegus typus]]'' <small>Anonymous referred to [[Edward Turner Bennett|E. T. Bennett]], 1830</small> (common shovelnose ray)
* Genus ''[[Rhinobatos]]'' <small>[[Heinrich Friedrich Linck|H. F. Linck]], 1790</small>
* Genus ''[[Rhinobatos]]'' <small>[[Heinrich Friedrich Linck|H. F. Linck]], 1790</small>
** ''[[Rhinobatos albomaculatus]]'' <small>[[John Roxborough Norman|Norman]], 1930</small> (white-spotted guitarfish)
** ''[[Rhinobatos albomaculatus]]'' <small>[[John Roxborough Norman|Norman]], 1930</small> (white-spotted guitarfish)
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** ''[[Rhinobatos variegatus]]'' <small>[[R. Velappan Nair|Nair]] & Lal Mohan, 1973</small> (stripenose guitarfish)
** ''[[Rhinobatos variegatus]]'' <small>[[R. Velappan Nair|Nair]] & Lal Mohan, 1973</small> (stripenose guitarfish)
** ''[[Rhinobatos zanzibarensis]]'' <small>[[John Roxborough Norman|Norman]], 1926</small> (Zanzibar guitarfish)
** ''[[Rhinobatos zanzibarensis]]'' <small>[[John Roxborough Norman|Norman]], 1926</small> (Zanzibar guitarfish)
* Genus ''[[Rhynchobatus]]''
** ''[[Rhynchobatus australiae]]'' <small>[[Gilbert Percy Whitley|Whitley]], 1939</small> (white-spotted wedgefish)
** ''[[Rhynchobatus djiddensis]]'' <small>(Forsskål, 1775)</small> (giant guitarfish)
** ''[[Rhynchobatus immaculatus]]'' <small>Last, [[Ho Hsuan-Ching|H. C. Ho]] & [[Chen Rou-Rong|R. R. Chen]], 2013</small> (Taiwanese wedgefish)<ref name=Last2013>Last, P.R., Ho, H.-C. & Chen, R.-R. (2013): [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03752p198.pdf A new species of wedgefish, ''Rhynchobatus immaculatus'' (Chondrichthyes, Rhynchobatidae), from Taiwan.] Pp. 185-198 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. ''Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.''</ref>
** ''[[Rhynchobatus laevis]]'' <small>([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|J. G. Schneider]], 1801)</small> (smoothnose wedgefish)
** ''[[Rhynchobatus luebberti]]'' <small>[[Ernst Ehrenbaum|Ehrenbaum]], 1915</small> (African wedgefish)
** ''[[Rhynchobatus palpebratus]]'' <small>Compagno & Last, 2008</small> (eyebrow wedgefish)
** ''[[Rhynchobatus springeri]]'' <small>Compagno & Last, 2010</small> (broadnose wedgefish)
** ''[[Roughnose wedgefish]]'' (''Rhynchobatus sp. nov.'' A or 1), still [[Undescribed species|undescribed]]<ref name=Last2013/><ref name=iucn>{{IUCN | assessor = Compagno, L.J.V. | assessor2 = Marshall, A.D. | last-assessor-amp = yes | year = 2006 | taxon = Rhynchobatus sp. nov. A | id = 60181 |version=2014.1}}</ref>
* Genus ''[[Tarsistes]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|D. S. Jordan]], 1919</small>
* Genus ''[[Tarsistes]]'' <small>[[David Starr Jordan|D. S. Jordan]], 1919</small>
** ''[[Tarsistes philippii]]'' <small>D. S. Jordan, 1919</small>
** ''[[Tarsistes philippii]]'' <small>D. S. Jordan, 1919</small>
* Genus ''[[Trygonorrhina]]'' <small>J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838</small>
** ''[[Trygonorrhina fasciata]]'' <small>J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841</small> (southern fiddler ray)
** ''[[Trygonorrhina melaleuca]]'' <small>[[Tevor Scott|T. Scott]], 1954</small> (magpie fiddler ray)
* Genus ''[[Zapteryx]]'' <small>D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1880</small>
** ''[[Zapteryx brevirostris]]'' <small>J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841</small> (shortnose guitarfish)
** ''[[Zapteryx exasperata]]'' <small>D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1880</small> (banded guitarfish)
** ''[[Zapteryx xyster]]'' <small>D. S. Jordan & [[Barton Warren Evermann|Evermann]], 1896</small> (southern banded guitarfish)

<gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed">
Image:Aptychotrema rostrata sydney.jpg|''[[Aptychotrema rostrata]]''
Image:Platyrhina sinensis by OpenCage.jpg|''[[Platyrhina sinensis]]''
Image:Platyrhinoidis triseriata.jpg|''[[Platyrhinoidis triseriata]]''
Image:Rhinobatos Rhinobatos.jpg|''[[Rhinobatos rhinobatos]]''
Image:Giant guitarfish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis).jpg|''[[Rhynchobatus djiddensis]]''
Image:Trygonorrhina fasciata7.jpg|''[[Trygonorrhina fasciata]]''
Image:Zanobatus schoenleinii.jpg|''[[Zanobatus schoenleinii]]''
Image:Zapteryx xyster 2.jpg|''[[Zapteryx xyster]]''
</gallery>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 01:44, 20 January 2017

Guitarfish
Temporal range: Upper Jurassic–Recent [1]
Shovelnose guitarfish, Rhinobatos productus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
Order:
Rhinopristiformes
Family:
Rhinobatidae

Genera

The guitarfish are a family, Rhinobatidae, of rays. The guitarfish are known for an elongated body with a flattened head and trunk and small, ray-like wings. The combined range of the various species is tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters worldwide. They often travel in large schools.

Description

Guitarfish have a body form intermediate between those of sharks and rays. The tail has a typical shark-like form, but in many species, the head has a triangular, or guitar-like shape, rather than the disc-shape formed by fusion with the pectoral fins found in other rays.[2]

Reproduction

Guitarfish are ovoviviparous; the embryo matures inside an egg inside the mother until it is ready to hatch. This is typical of rays.

Habitat

Guitarfish are bottom feeders, which bury themselves in mud or sand and eat worms, crabs, and clams.[3] Some can tolerate salt, fresh, and brackish water.[4] They generally live close to the beach/coastline or in estuaries.[4]

Classification

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rhinobatidae.

Nelson's 2006 Fishes of the World recognized four genera in this family: Aptychotrema, Rhinobatos, Trygonorrhina, and Zapteryx; other taxa once placed in the Rhinobatidae, such as Platyrhinoidis and Rhina, have since been moved to their own families. Recently, the genus Glaucostegus has again become recognized as distinct from Rhinobatos. The status of Tarsistes is dubious.

References

Wikispecies has information related to Rhinobatidae.
  1. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Rhinobatidae" in FishBase. February 2011 version.
  2. ^ Stevens, J.; Last, P.R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 66. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  3. ^ "Shovelnose guitarfish, Sandy Seafloor, Fishes, Rhinobatos productus at the Monterey Bay Aquarium". Monterey Bay Aquarium. Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  4. ^ a b Sullivan, Taylor. "FLMNH Ichthyology Department: Atlantic Guitarfish". Florida Museum of Natural History. Florida Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  5. ^ a b Last, White; Fahmi 2006 (2006). "Rhinobatos jimbaranensis and R. penggali, two new shovelnose rays (Batoidea: Rhinobatidae) from eastern Indonesia". Cybium. 30 (3): 262ff. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Peter R. Last; Leonard J.V. Compagno; Kazuhiro Nakaya (2004). "Rhinobatos nudidorsalis, a new species of shovelnose ray (Batoidea: Rhinobatidae) from the Mascarene Ridge, central Indian Ocean". Ichthyological Research. 51 (2): 153–158. doi:10.1007/s10228-004-0211-0.
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