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'''''Amorpha canescens''''' ('''Leadplant''', '''Leadplant amorpha''', '''Prairie shoestring''') is a {{convert|30|–|90|cm|ft|abbr=on}} tall [[deciduous]] shrub in the Pea family ([[Fabaceae]]) that is native to [[North America]]. It has very small purple flowers with yellow [[stamen]]s<ref name="gardner">{{cite book|last1=Gardner|first1=Harold W.|title=Tallgrass prairie restoration in the Midwestern and Eastern United States : A hands-on guide|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4419-7426-6|pages=154–155}}</ref> which are grouped in [[racemes]].<ref name="lbj">[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=AMCA6 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center] Retrieved 2010-03-26.</ref> The flowers bloom in early July.<ref name="gardner" /> The compound leaves of this plant appear leaden<ref name="lbj" /> (the reason for the common name "leadplant"<ref name="gardner" />) due to their dense hairiness. The roots can grow deeper than {{convert|1.2|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}. This plant can be found growing in well drained soils of prairies, bluffs, and open woodlands.<ref name="lbj" />
'''''Amorpha canescens''''' ('''Amorpha brachycarpa''', '''Leadplant''', '''Leadplant amorpha''', '''Downy indigo bush, Prairie shoestring, Buffalo bellows''') is a {{convert|30|–|90|cm|abbr=on|ft}} tall perennial semi-shrub in the Pea family ([[Fabaceae]]) that is native to [[North America]].<ref name=":0">Casey, P. A. 2011. Plant Fact Sheet for leadplant (Amorpha canescens). USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Manhattan Plant Materials Center. Manhattan, Kansas.</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Slagle|first=Malinda W.|last2=Hendrix|first2=Stephen D.|date=2009-10-01|title=Reproduction of Amorpha canescens (Fabaceae) and diversity of its bee community in a fragmented landscape|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00442-009-1429-3|journal=Oecologia|language=en|volume=161|issue=4|pages=813–823|doi=10.1007/s00442-009-1429-3|issn=0029-8549}}</ref> It has very small purple flowers with yellow [[Stamen|stamens]]<ref name="gardner2">{{cite book|title=Tallgrass prairie restoration in the Midwestern and Eastern United States : A hands-on guide|date=2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4419-7426-6|location=New York|pages=154–155|last1=Gardner|first1=Harold W.}}</ref> which are grouped in [[racemes]].<ref name="lbj2">[http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=AMCA6 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center] Retrieved 2010-03-26.</ref> Depending on location, the flowers bloom from late June through mid-September.<ref name=":2">Penskar, M.R. 2008. Special Plant Abstract for leadplant (Amorpha canescens). Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI. 4 pp.</ref><ref name="gardner2" /> The compound leaves of this plant appear leaden<ref name="lbj2" /> (the reason for the common name "leadplant"<ref name="gardner2" />) due to their dense hairiness. The roots can grow up to 5 m deep and can spread up to 1 m radially<ref name=":1" />. This plant can be found growing in well drained soils of prairies, bluffs, and open woodlands.<ref name="lbj2" />


Leadplant was used by various [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous Peoples]] to treat a number of medical problems.<ref name="herb.umd.umich.edu">[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Amorpha+canescens Species account from Native American Ethnobotany (University of Michigan - Dearborn)] Retrieved 2010-03-26</ref> In addition the [[Oglala Lakota|Oglala]] used the leaves both as a tea and as a smoking mixture when combined with [[American Bison|buffalo]] fat.<ref name="herb.umd.umich.edu"/>
Leadplant was used by various [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous Peoples]] for a multitude of different purposes.<ref name="herb.umd.umich.edu2">[http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Amorpha+canescens Species account from Native American Ethnobotany (University of Michigan - Dearborn)] Retrieved 2010-03-26</ref> It is also provides many benefits to the ecosystems it is a part of.<ref name=":1" />


=== Uses ===
⚫
''Amorpha canescens'' was described for science by [[Frederick Pursh]] in 1814. ''Canescens'' is a [[botanical Latin]] term meaning "becoming grey".<ref>[http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/wildflwr/species/amorcane.htm NPWRC :: Leadplants (''Amorpha canescens'')] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727045850/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/wildflwr/species/amorcane.htm |date=July 27, 2010 }} Retrieved 2010-03-26.</ref>
Leadplant is and has been used for a variety of different purposes. [[Indigenous peoples of north america|Indigenous Peoples]] such as the [[Oglala Lakota|Oglala]] used the plant for medicinal purposes<ref name="herb.umd.umich.edu2" /><ref name=":0" />. Some indigenous tribes believed that the plant could aide in treating [[Pinworm infection|pinworms]], [[Dermatitis|eczema]], [[rheumatism]], neuralgia, open wounds, and cuts. The leaves of the plant were also used to make a tea and as a smoking mixture when dried, crushed and combined with [[American Bison|buffalo]] fat.<ref name="herb.umd.umich.edu2" /><ref>Gilmore MR (1919) Uses of plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 33, 1-126.</ref>

=== Taxonomy ===
''Amorpha canescens'' was described for science by [[Frederick Pursh]] in 1814. Amorpha canescens falls under Papilionoideae subfamily of the [[Fabaceae]] family<ref name=":2" />. The other two subfamilies are the [[Mimosoideae]] and the [[Caesalpinioideae]].<ref name=":2" />There has been further delineation beyond species of the Amorpha canescens into distinct variants (such as the A. canescens var. glabrata) based on the amount of hairs and color of the leaves, however this further distinction is not typically made due to the wide variation in pubescence of the plant<ref name=":2" />.

=== Where to find it ===
The Amorpha canescens can be found in many locations throughout North America, ranging from southern parts of Canada to the northern edge of Mexico and spanning east from Montana to Michigan.<ref name=":0" /> The Leadplant is typically found in dry prairie, savanah and grassland regions<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10370_12146_12211-36376--,00.html|title=DNR - Lead Plant or Prairie Shoestring (Amorpha canescens)|website=www.michigan.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref><ref name=":1" />.

⚫
''Canescens'' is a [[botanical Latin]] term meaning "becoming grey".<ref>[http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/wildflwr/species/amorcane.htm NPWRC :: Leadplants (''Amorpha canescens'')] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727045850/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/plants/wildflwr/species/amorcane.htm|date=July 27, 2010}} Retrieved 2010-03-26.</ref>


==References==<!-- AmericanMidlandNaturalist159:251. -->
==References==<!-- AmericanMidlandNaturalist159:251. -->

Revision as of 15:16, 19 April 2017

Leadplant
Inflorescence
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Genus:
Amorpha
Species:
A. canescens
Binomial name
Amorpha canescens
Synonyms
  • Amorpha brachycarpa E.J.Palmer
  • Amorpha canescens Pursh f. canescens
  • Amorpha canescens Pursh f. glabrata (A.Gray) Fassett
  • Amorpha canescens Pursh var. glabrata A.Gray

Amorpha canescens (Amorpha brachycarpa, Leadplant, Leadplant amorpha, Downy indigo bush, Prairie shoestring, Buffalo bellows) is a 30–90 cm (0.98–2.95 ft) tall perennial semi-shrub in the Pea family (Fabaceae) that is native to North America.[1][2] It has very small purple flowers with yellow stamens[3] which are grouped in racemes.[4] Depending on location, the flowers bloom from late June through mid-September.[5][3] The compound leaves of this plant appear leaden[4] (the reason for the common name "leadplant"[3]) due to their dense hairiness. The roots can grow up to 5 m deep and can spread up to 1 m radially[2]. This plant can be found growing in well drained soils of prairies, bluffs, and open woodlands.[4]

Leadplant was used by various Indigenous Peoples for a multitude of different purposes.[6] It is also provides many benefits to the ecosystems it is a part of.[2]

Uses

Leadplant is and has been used for a variety of different purposes. Indigenous Peoples such as the Oglala used the plant for medicinal purposes[6][1]. Some indigenous tribes believed that the plant could aide in treating pinworms, eczema, rheumatism, neuralgia, open wounds, and cuts. The leaves of the plant were also used to make a tea and as a smoking mixture when dried, crushed and combined with buffalo fat.[6][7]

Taxonomy

Amorpha canescens was described for science by Frederick Pursh in 1814. Amorpha canescens falls under Papilionoideae subfamily of the Fabaceae family[5]. The other two subfamilies are the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae.[5]There has been further delineation beyond species of the Amorpha canescens into distinct variants (such as the A. canescens var. glabrata) based on the amount of hairs and color of the leaves, however this further distinction is not typically made due to the wide variation in pubescence of the plant[5].

Where to find it

The Amorpha canescens can be found in many locations throughout North America, ranging from southern parts of Canada to the northern edge of Mexico and spanning east from Montana to Michigan.[1] The Leadplant is typically found in dry prairie, savanah and grassland regions[8][2].

Canescens is a botanical Latin term meaning "becoming grey".[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c Casey, P. A. 2011. Plant Fact Sheet for leadplant (Amorpha canescens). USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Manhattan Plant Materials Center. Manhattan, Kansas.
  2. ^ a b c d Slagle, Malinda W.; Hendrix, Stephen D. (2009-10-01). "Reproduction of Amorpha canescens (Fabaceae) and diversity of its bee community in a fragmented landscape". Oecologia. 161 (4): 813–823. doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1429-3. ISSN 0029-8549.
  3. ^ a b c Gardner, Harold W. (2011). Tallgrass prairie restoration in the Midwestern and Eastern United States : A hands-on guide. New York: Springer. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-1-4419-7426-6.
  4. ^ a b c Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Retrieved 2010-03-26.
  5. ^ a b c d Penskar, M.R. 2008. Special Plant Abstract for leadplant (Amorpha canescens). Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI. 4 pp.
  6. ^ a b c Species account from Native American Ethnobotany (University of Michigan - Dearborn) Retrieved 2010-03-26
  7. ^ Gilmore MR (1919) Uses of plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region. Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 33, 1-126.
  8. ^ "DNR - Lead Plant or Prairie Shoestring (Amorpha canescens)". www.michigan.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
  9. ^ NPWRC :: Leadplants (Amorpha canescens) Archived July 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2010-03-26.
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