Al-Athrun: Difference between revisions
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The Eastern Church is located on the Mediterranean coast, where there are parts of marble columns decorated with Christian religious signs, the remains of the marble floor and the remains of mosaics that surrounded it, while the Western Church left only ruins of the original plan<ref>http://www.oealibya.com/inc/print.php?id=24976</ref> |
The Eastern Church is located on the Mediterranean coast, where there are parts of marble columns decorated with Christian religious signs, the remains of the marble floor and the remains of mosaics that surrounded it, while the Western Church left only ruins of the original plan<ref>http://www.oealibya.com/inc/print.php?id=24976</ref> |
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Cyrenaica was conquered by [[Muslim]] [[Arab]]s during the second [[caliph]], [[Omer Bin Khattab]], in 643/44,<ref>[http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/chronologies/Byzantine_Dark_Age.htm Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades (Tulane.edu,2011).</ref> After the breakdown of the [[Ummayad caliphate]] it was essentially annexed to Egypt, although still under the same name, first under the [[Fatimid]] caliphs and later under the [[Ayyubid]] and [[Mamluk]] sultanates. Ultimately, it was annexed by the Turkish [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 when it was part of the [[Tripolitania Vilayet]]. |
Cyrenaica was conquered by [[Muslim]] [[Arab]]s during the second [[caliph]], [[Omer Bin Khattab]], in 643/44,<ref>[{{cite web|url=http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/chronologies/Byzantine_Dark_Age.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-02-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216053715/http://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/chronologies/Byzantine_Dark_Age.htm |archivedate=2010-12-16 }} Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades (Tulane.edu,2011).</ref> After the breakdown of the [[Ummayad caliphate]] it was essentially annexed to Egypt, although still under the same name, first under the [[Fatimid]] caliphs and later under the [[Ayyubid]] and [[Mamluk]] sultanates. Ultimately, it was annexed by the Turkish [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 when it was part of the [[Tripolitania Vilayet]]. |
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{{commons category|Erythron|Erythron (''Al Athrun'')}} |
{{commons category|Erythron|Erythron (''Al Athrun'')}} |
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Revision as of 09:22, 11 July 2017
Athrun
الأثرون Lathrun | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Byzantine Church in Athrun | |
| Nickname: Erythron | |
  Athrun Location in Libya | |
| Coordinates: 32°52′N 22°16′E / 32.867°N 22.267°E | |
| Country |  Libya |
| Region | Cyrenaica |
| District | Derna |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
Athrun (also spelled Lathrun, or Latrun) is a small town in northern Libya about 40 kilometres (25 miles) east of Cyrene. Its name comes from Greek "Ἐρυθρόν" (Erythron), neuter of "ἐρυθρός" (erythros) "red",[1] due to the color of the local soil. Athrun was established during the rule of the Byzantine Empire in this area.[2]
It hosts recently excavated Byzantine churches adorned with white-blue marble from Proconnesus.[3]
Location
Atharoun or Latrun is a small Libyan town located at 32°52′N 22°16′ about 9 km east of Ras al-Hilal and about 50 km east of al-Baidah inal-Jabal al-Akhdar in northeastern Libya and near Darna. Erythron is close to the sea, about 20 kilometers east of Apollonia.
Name
Its name dates back to the Greeks' Erythron, for "red", the color of the region's soil.[4] The arabic name for the site is الأثرون, (Al-Athrūn)
History
It is uncertain when the city was founded, but there are no clear finds from pre-Roman times. There are also no pre-Roman records of the place. However, it has some of the remains of the Greece|Greek period, including a group of tombs carved in rock dating back to the 5th century BC.
The site is mentioned in various ancient authors including Claudius Ptolemy[5] and can be identified with today's El Atrun.
During the Roman Empire and into late Antiquity the town was known as Erythron.
Especially in Byzantine times, the city flourished and it was at this time only that it could be described as a city. Several bishops are known and two richly-equipped churches can be excavated.
The two churches were built during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527-565). These are called the Western and Eastern Churches. The remains of the two churches were discovered in 1960 by the American scholar "Waltroding" to be included in the Libyan Antiquities list in 1964 by the Libyan Antiquities Authority.[6]
The Eastern Church is located on the Mediterranean coast, where there are parts of marble columns decorated with Christian religious signs, the remains of the marble floor and the remains of mosaics that surrounded it, while the Western Church left only ruins of the original plan[7]
Cyrenaica was conquered by Muslim Arabs during the second caliph, Omer Bin Khattab, in 643/44,[8] After the breakdown of the Ummayad caliphate it was essentially annexed to Egypt, although still under the same name, first under the Fatimid caliphs and later under the Ayyubid and Mamluk sultanates. Ultimately, it was annexed by the Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1517 when it was part of the Tripolitania Vilayet.
References
- ^ ἐρυθρός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
- ^ article on Athrun
- ^ Walter Widrig: Two churches at Latrun in Cyrenaica; London, British School at Rome, 1978.
- ^ ἐρυθρός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
- ^ Claudius Ptolemy Geographika 4, 4, 3.
- ^ Walter Widrig: Two churches at Latrun in Cyrenaica; London, British School at Rome, 1978.
- ^ http://www.oealibya.com/inc/print.php?id=24976
- ^ ["Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Early Medieval and Byzantine Civilization: Constantine to Crusades (Tulane.edu,2011).
32°52′N 22°16′E / 32.867°N 22.267°E
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