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==History==
==History==
[[File:AIRCDRE Adrian Cole 1940 (AWM 002866).JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Air Commodore Cole, inaugural AOC Central Area, addressing [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan|Empire Air Training Scheme]] pupils, August 1940|alt=Man in dark military uniform with peaked cap in front of microphone]]
[[File:AIRCDRE Adrian Cole 1940 (AWM 002866).JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Air Commodore Cole, inaugural AOC Central Area, addressing [[British Commonwealth Air Training Plan|Empire Air Training Scheme]] pupils, August 1940|alt=Man in dark military uniform with peaked cap in front of microphone]]
Prior to World War&nbsp;II, the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in [[Melbourne]]. After war broke out in September 1939, the RAAF began to implement a decentralised form of command, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.<ref name=Stephens111>Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 111–112</ref><ref name=Pathfinder121>{{cite magazine |title = Organising for war: The RAAF air campaigns in the Pacific | magazine = Pathfinder |issue= 121| date = October 2009| url = http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Publications/Details/403/121-Organising-for-War-The-RAAF-Air-Campaigns-in-the-Pacific.aspx|publisher=Air Power Development Centre|accessdate=31 July 2015}}</ref> Its initial move in this direction was to create Nos.&nbsp;1 and 2&nbsp;Groups to control units in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[New South Wales]], respectively.<ref>Gillison, [https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070476--1-.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 66–67]</ref> Then, between March 1940 and May 1941, the RAAF divided Australia and New Guinea into four [[RAAF area commands|geographically based command-and-control zones]]: Central Area, [[Southern Area Command (RAAF)|Southern Area]], [[Western Area Command (RAAF)|Western Area]], and [[Northern Area Command (RAAF)|Northern Area]].<ref name=Gillison91>Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/05.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 91–92]</ref> The roles of these area commands were [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defence]], protection of adjacent [[sea lane]]s, and [[aerial reconnaissance]]. Each was led by an [[Air Officer Commanding]] (AOC) responsible for the administration and operations of all air bases and units within his boundary.<ref name=Pathfinder121/><ref name=Gillison91/>
Prior to World War&nbsp;II, the [[Royal Australian Air Force]] was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in [[Melbourne]]. After war broke out in September 1939, the RAAF began to implement a decentralised form of command, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.<ref name=Stephens111>Stephens, ''The Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 111–112</ref><ref name=Pathfinder121>{{cite magazine |title = Organising for war: The RAAF air campaigns in the Pacific | magazine = Pathfinder |issue= 121| date = October 2009| url = http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/Publications/Details/403/121-Organising-for-War-The-RAAF-Air-Campaigns-in-the-Pacific.aspx|publisher=Air Power Development Centre|accessdate=31 July 2015}}</ref> Its initial move in this direction was to create Nos.&nbsp;1 and 2&nbsp;Groups to control units in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[New South Wales]], respectively.<ref>Gillison, [https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070476--1-.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 66–67] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713214330/https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070476--1-.pdf |date=13 July 2015 }}</ref> Then, between March 1940 and May 1941, the RAAF divided Australia and New Guinea into four [[RAAF area commands|geographically based command-and-control zones]]: Central Area, [[Southern Area Command (RAAF)|Southern Area]], [[Western Area Command (RAAF)|Western Area]], and [[Northern Area Command (RAAF)|Northern Area]].<ref name=Gillison91>Gillison, [http://www.awm.gov.au/cms_images/histories/26/chapters/05.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', pp. 91–92]</ref> The roles of these area commands were [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defence]], protection of adjacent [[sea lane]]s, and [[aerial reconnaissance]]. Each was led by an [[Air Officer Commanding]] (AOC) responsible for the administration and operations of all air bases and units within his boundary.<ref name=Pathfinder121/><ref name=Gillison91/>


No. 2 Group, which had been established on 20&nbsp;November 1939, was re-formed as one of the first two area commands, Central Area, on 7&nbsp;March 1940. Headquartered in [[Sydney]], Central Area Command was given control of all Air Force units in New South Wales except those in the southern [[Riverina]] and the north of the state. Units in Queensland were also temporarily assigned to its control, pending the formation of Northern Area.<ref>Ashworth, ''How Not to Run an Air Force'', pp. xix–xx, 27–29</ref> Central Area's inaugural AOC was Air Commodore [[Adrian Cole (RAAF officer)|Adrian "King" Cole]], who had also led No.&nbsp;2 Group.<ref name=Ashworth302>Ashworth, ''How Not to Run an Air Force'', pp. 302–304</ref> His senior air staff officer was Wing Commander [[Alan Charlesworth]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article40862568 |title=Many Air Force promotions appointments |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]] |location=Brisbane |date=25 April 1940 |accessdate=12 July 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
No. 2 Group, which had been established on 20&nbsp;November 1939, was re-formed as one of the first two area commands, Central Area, on 7&nbsp;March 1940. Headquartered in [[Sydney]], Central Area Command was given control of all Air Force units in New South Wales except those in the southern [[Riverina]] and the north of the state. Units in Queensland were also temporarily assigned to its control, pending the formation of Northern Area.<ref>Ashworth, ''How Not to Run an Air Force'', pp. xix–xx, 27–29</ref> Central Area's inaugural AOC was Air Commodore [[Adrian Cole (RAAF officer)|Adrian "King" Cole]], who had also led No.&nbsp;2 Group.<ref name=Ashworth302>Ashworth, ''How Not to Run an Air Force'', pp. 302–304</ref> His senior air staff officer was Wing Commander [[Alan Charlesworth]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article40862568 |title=Many Air Force promotions appointments |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail]] |location=Brisbane |date=25 April 1940 |accessdate=12 July 2015 |page=2 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>


In May 1940 it was reported that the area's headquarters building would change from "Mont Loana" in [[Point Piper]] to the mansion "Kilmory" nearby.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193747258 |title=RAAF |newspaper=[[The Daily Examiner]] |location=Grafton |date=22 May 1940 |accessdate=12 July 2015 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Cole handed over command of Central Area to Air Commodore [[William Anderson (RAAF officer)|Bill Anderson]] in December 1940.<ref name=Ashworth302/> By August 1941, the RAAF's expanding instructional program necessitated the establishment of overarching training organisations on a semi-functional, semi-geographical basis. Accordingly, No.&nbsp;2 (Training) Group was formed in Sydney, taking responsibility for the training units then under Central Area, which was disbanded. Control of other Central Area units was "divided as convenient", according to the [[Australia in the War of 1939–1945|official history of the war]], between Northern and Southern Area Commands.<ref>Gillison, [https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070724--1-.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', p. 112]</ref><ref>Ashworth, ''How Not to Run an Air Force'', pp. 23–29</ref>
In May 1940 it was reported that the area's headquarters building would change from "Mont Loana" in [[Point Piper]] to the mansion "Kilmory" nearby.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article193747258 |title=RAAF |newspaper=[[The Daily Examiner]] |location=Grafton |date=22 May 1940 |accessdate=12 July 2015 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Cole handed over command of Central Area to Air Commodore [[William Anderson (RAAF officer)|Bill Anderson]] in December 1940.<ref name=Ashworth302/> By August 1941, the RAAF's expanding instructional program necessitated the establishment of overarching training organisations on a semi-functional, semi-geographical basis. Accordingly, No.&nbsp;2 (Training) Group was formed in Sydney, taking responsibility for the training units then under Central Area, which was disbanded. Control of other Central Area units was "divided as convenient", according to the [[Australia in the War of 1939–1945|official history of the war]], between Northern and Southern Area Commands.<ref>Gillison, [https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070724--1-.pdf ''Royal Australian Air Force'', p. 112] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041351/https://static.awm.gov.au/images/collection/pdf/RCDIG1070724--1-.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>Ashworth, ''How Not to Run an Air Force'', pp. 23–29</ref>


==Aftermath==
==Aftermath==

Revision as of 00:12, 2 August 2017

Central Area Command
Map of Australia showing state borders, with RAAF area command boundaries superimposed
Provisional RAAF area command boundaries, February 1940
Active1940–41
AllegianceAustralia
BranchRoyal Australian Air Force
RoleAir defence
Aerial reconnaissance
Protection of adjacent sea lanes
Garrison/HQSydney
EngagementsWorld War II
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Adrian Cole (1940)
William Anderson (1940–41)

Central Area Command was one of several geographically based commands raised by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) during World War II. It was formed in March 1940, and covered the central portion of New South Wales. Headquartered at Sydney, Central Area Command was primarily responsible for air defence, aerial reconnaissance and protection of the sea lanes within its boundaries. It was disbanded in August 1941 and control of its units taken over by other RAAF formations. Proposals in 1943–44 to raise a new Central Area Command did not come to fruition.

History

Man in dark military uniform with peaked cap in front of microphone
Air Commodore Cole, inaugural AOC Central Area, addressing Empire Air Training Scheme pupils, August 1940

Prior to World War II, the Royal Australian Air Force was small enough for all its elements to be directly controlled by RAAF Headquarters in Melbourne. After war broke out in September 1939, the RAAF began to implement a decentralised form of command, commensurate with expected increases in manpower and units.[1][2] Its initial move in this direction was to create Nos. 1 and 2 Groups to control units in Victoria and New South Wales, respectively.[3] Then, between March 1940 and May 1941, the RAAF divided Australia and New Guinea into four geographically based command-and-control zones: Central Area, Southern Area, Western Area, and Northern Area.[4] The roles of these area commands were air defence, protection of adjacent sea lanes, and aerial reconnaissance. Each was led by an Air Officer Commanding (AOC) responsible for the administration and operations of all air bases and units within his boundary.[2][4]

No. 2 Group, which had been established on 20 November 1939, was re-formed as one of the first two area commands, Central Area, on 7 March 1940. Headquartered in Sydney, Central Area Command was given control of all Air Force units in New South Wales except those in the southern Riverina and the north of the state. Units in Queensland were also temporarily assigned to its control, pending the formation of Northern Area.[5] Central Area's inaugural AOC was Air Commodore Adrian "King" Cole, who had also led No. 2 Group.[6] His senior air staff officer was Wing Commander Alan Charlesworth.[7]

In May 1940 it was reported that the area's headquarters building would change from "Mont Loana" in Point Piper to the mansion "Kilmory" nearby.[8] Cole handed over command of Central Area to Air Commodore Bill Anderson in December 1940.[6] By August 1941, the RAAF's expanding instructional program necessitated the establishment of overarching training organisations on a semi-functional, semi-geographical basis. Accordingly, No. 2 (Training) Group was formed in Sydney, taking responsibility for the training units then under Central Area, which was disbanded. Control of other Central Area units was "divided as convenient", according to the official history of the war, between Northern and Southern Area Commands.[9][10]

Aftermath

Map of Australia showing state borders, with RAAF area command boundaries superimposed
RAAF area commands, November 1942

The RAAF's area command structure was revised in 1942, following the outbreak of the Pacific War: Northern Area was split into North-Eastern Area and North-Western Area, and a new command covering New South Wales and southern Queensland, Eastern Area, was created, making a total of five commands.[1][11] In October 1943, the Air Board proposed carving a new Central Area Command out of Eastern Area, which by then was considered too large to be controlled by one headquarters and therefore ripe for subdivision. This Central Area Command would have been responsible for training and operational units in southern Queensland. The War Cabinet deferred its decision on the proposal.[12] The concept was raised again in August 1944, and this time the new Central Area Command was to control maintenance units, as well as training and operations, in southern Queensland. Once again, nothing came of the proposal.[13]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 111–112
  2. ^ a b "Organising for war: The RAAF air campaigns in the Pacific". Pathfinder. No. 121. Air Power Development Centre. October 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  3. ^ Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 66–67 Archived 13 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ a b Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 91–92
  5. ^ Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, pp. xix–xx, 27–29
  6. ^ a b Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, pp. 302–304
  7. ^ "Many Air Force promotions appointments". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 25 April 1940. p. 2. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  8. ^ "RAAF". The Daily Examiner. Grafton: National Library of Australia. 22 May 1940. p. 3. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  9. ^ Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, p. 112 Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, pp. 23–29
  11. ^ Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, pp. xxi, 134–135
  12. ^ Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, pp. 214–217
  13. ^ Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, pp. 227–228

References

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